ULTRA-WIDEBAND RADIO TECHNOLOGIES FOR COMMUNICATIONS, LOCALIZATION AND SENSOR APPLICATIONS Edited by Reiner Thomä, Reinhard H. Knöchel, Jürgen Sachs, Ingolf Willms and Thomas Zwick Ultra-Wideband Radio Technologies for Communications, Localization and Sensor Applications http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2648 Edited by Reiner Thomä, Reinhard H. Knöchel, Jürgen Sachs, Ingolf Willms and Thomas Zwick Contributors Rainer Moorfeld, Adolf Finger, Hanns-Ulrich Dehner, Holger Jäkel, Martin Braun, Friedrich K. Jondral, María Dolores Pérez Guirao, Josef A. Nossek, Peter Russer, Tobias Noll, Amine Mezghani, Michel T. Ivrlač, Matthias Korb, Farooq Mukhtar, Hristomir Yordanov, Johannes A. Russer , Nuan Song, Mike Wolf, Martin Haardt, Andreas Schenk, Robert F.H. Fischer, Mohamed El-Hadidy, Mohammed El-Absi, Yoke Leen Sit, Markus Kock, Thomas Zwick, Holger Blume, Thomas Kaiser, Markus Grimm, Dirk Manteuffel, Gholamreza Alirezaei, Rudolf Mathar, Daniel Bielefeld, Rudolf Zetik, Honghui Yan, Elke Malz, Snezhana Jovanoska, Guowei Shen, Reiner S. Thomä, Rahmi Salman, Thorsten Schultze, Robert Tobera, Hans-Ingolf Willms, Lars Reichardt, Malgorzata Janson, Thomas Zwick, Werner Wiesbeck, Tobias Deißler, Jörn Thielecke, Steffen Heuel, Hermann Rohling, Ingrid Hilger, Katja Dahlke, Gabriella Rimkus, Christiane Geyer, Frank Seifert, Olaf Kosch, Florian Thiel, Matthias Hein, Francesco Scotto di Clemente, Ulrich Schwarz, Marko Helbig, Jürgen Sachs, Henning Mextorf, Frank Daschner, Mike Kent, Reinhard Knöchel, Alexander Esswein, Robert Weigel, Christian Carlowitz, Martin Vossiek, Stefan Heinen, Ralf Wunderlich, Markus Robens, Martin Kmec, Robert Weigel, Thomas Ußmüller, Benjamin Sewiolo, Mohamed Hamouda, Rolf Kraemer, Johann-Christoph Scheytt, Yevgen Borokhovych, Dayang Lin, Michael Mirbach, Thanawat Thiasiriphet, Jürgen Lindner, Wolfgang Menzel, Hermann Schumacher, Mario Leib, Bernd Schleicher Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2013 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. 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Publishing Process Manager Viktorija Zgela Typesetting InTech Prepress, Novi Sad Cover InTech Design Team First published February, 2013 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Ultra-Wideband Radio Technologies for Communications, Localization and Sensor Applications, Edited by Reiner Thomä, Reinhard H. Knöchel, Jürgen Sachs, Ingolf Willms and Thomas Zwick p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0936-5 Contents Editors IX Preface XIX Chapter 1 MIRA – Physical Layer Optimisation for the Multiband Impulse Radio UWB Architecture 1 Rainer Moorfeld, Adolf Finger, Hanns-Ulrich Dehner, Holger Jäkel, Martin Braun and Friedrich K. Jondral Chapter 2 Pulse Rate Control for Low Power and Low Data Rate Ultra Wideband Networks 51 María Dolores Pérez Guirao Chapter 3 Chip-to-Chip and On-Chip Communications 75 Josef A. Nossek, Peter Russer, Tobias Noll, Amine Mezghani, Michel T. Ivrlač, Matthias Korb, Farooq Mukhtar, Hristomir Yordanov, Johannes A. Russer Chapter 4 Non-Coherent UWB Communications 109 Nuan Song, Mike Wolf and Martin Haardt Chapter 5 Coding, Modulation, and Detection for Power-Efficient Low-Complexity Receivers in Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband Transmission Systems 123 Andreas Schenk and Robert F.H. Fischer Chapter 6 Interference Alignment for UWB-MIMO Communication Systems 133 Mohamed El-Hadidy, Mohammed El-Absi, Yoke Leen Sit, Markus Kock, Thomas Zwick, Holger Blume and Thomas Kaiser Chapter 7 Antennas and Propagation for On-, Off- In-Body Communications 153 Markus Grimm and Dirk Manteuffel VI Contents Chapter 8 Power Allocation Procedure for Wireless Sensor Networks with Integrated Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Communications and Radar Capabilities 165 Gholamreza Alirezaei, Rudolf Mathar and Daniel Bielefeld Chapter 9 Cooperative Localization and Object Recognition in Autonomous UWB Sensor Networks 179 Rudolf Zetik, Honghui Yan, Elke Malz, Snezhana Jovanoska, Guowei Shen, Reiner S. Thomä, Rahmi Salman, Thorsten Schultze, Robert Tobera, Hans-Ingolf Willms, Lars Reichardt, Malgorzata Janson, Thomas Zwick, Werner Wiesbeck, Tobias Deißler and Jörn Thielecke Chapter 10 Pedestrian Recognition Based on 24 GHz Radar Sensors 241 Steffen Heuel and Hermann Rohling Chapter 11 ultraMEDIS – Ultra-Wideband Sensing in Medicine 257 Ingrid Hilger, Katja Dahlke, Gabriella Rimkus, Christiane Geyer, Frank Seifert, Olaf Kosch, Florian Thiel, Matthias Hein, Francesco Scotto di Clemente, Ulrich Schwarz, Marko Helbig and Jürgen Sachs Chapter 12 ISOPerm: Non-Contacting Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Irregular Shaped Objects 323 Henning Mextorf, Frank Daschner, Mike Kent and Reinhard Knöchel Chapter 13 Concepts and Components for Pulsed Angle Modulated Ultra Wideband Communication and Radar Systems 343 Alexander Esswein, Robert Weigel, Christian Carlowitz and Martin Vossiek Chapter 14 HaLoS – Integrated RF-Hardware Components for Ultra-Wideband Localization and Sensing 369 Stefan Heinen, Ralf Wunderlich, Markus Robens, Jürgen Sachs, Martin Kmec, Robert Weigel, Thomas Ußmüller, Benjamin Sewiolo, Mohamed Hamouda, Rolf Kraemer, Johann-Christoph Scheytt and Yevgen Borokhovych Chapter 15 UWB in Medicine – High Performance UWB Systems for Biomedical Diagnostics and Short Range Communications 439 Dayang Lin, Michael Mirbach, Thanawat Thiasiriphet, Jürgen Lindner, Wolfgang Menzel, Hermann Schumacher, Mario Leib and Bernd Schleicher Reiner Thomä received the Dipl Ing. (M.S.E.E.), Dr Ing. (Ph.D.E.E.), and the Dr Ing. habil. degrees in electrical engineering and information technology from Technische Hochschule Ilmenau, Germany, in 1975, 1983, and 1989, respectively. From 1975 to 1988, he was a Research Associate in the fields of electronic circuits, measurement engineering, and digital signal processing at the same university. From 1988 to 1990, he was a Research Engineer at the Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR (Zentrum für Wissenschaftlichen Gerätebau). During this period he was working in the field of radio surveillance. In 1991, he spent a three-month sabbatical leave at the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (Lehrstuhl für Nachrichtentechnik). Since 1992, he has been a Professor of electrical engineering (electronic measurement) at TU Ilmenau where he was the Director of the Institute of Communications and Measurement Engineering from 1999 until 2005. With his group, he has contributed to many European and German research projects and clusters such as WINNER, PULSERS, EUWB, NEWCOM, COST 273, 2100, IC 1004, EASY-A, EASY-C. Currently he is the speaker of the German nation-wide DFG priority funding project UKoLOS, Ultra- Wideband Radio Technologies for Communications, Localization and Sensor Applications (SPP 1202). His research interests include measurement and digital signal processing methods (correlation and spectral analysis, system identification, sensor arrays, compressive sensing, time-frequency and cyclostationary signal analysis), their application in mobile radio and radar systems (multidimensional channel sounding, propagation measurement and parameter estimation, MIMO-, mm-wave-, and ultra-wideband radar), measurement-based performance evaluation of MIMO transmission systems including over-the-air testing in virtual electromagnetic environments, and UWB sensor systems for object detection, tracking and imaging. Since 1999 he has been serving as chair of the IEEE-IM TC-13 on Measurement in Wireless and Telecommunications. In 2007 he was awarded IEEE Fellow Member and received the Thuringian State Research Award for Applied Research both for contributions to high-resolution multidimensional channel sounding. . Jürgen Sachs, Ingolf Willms and Thomas Zwick Ultra-Wideband Radio Technologies for Communications, Localization and Sensor Applications http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2648. called Ultra-Wideband Radio Technologies for Communications, Localization and XX Preface Sensor Applications (UKoLoS)’. UKoLoS started in 2006 and ended