unlicensed free migration of the hmong group in vietnam the case study of dak lak province from 2006 2010

UPPSALA UNIVERSITET MASTER THESIS OF MPPM $ i t iiiipi atitni of $he Hni‹›ng preiig in ictnaiii T8e case stiitl› iiT Ha$.La $ iJtli‹›r.s Say I.y Thi Ha Le Thi Cuong Nguyen Luon g Acknowledgements The study group would like to acknowledge with thanks all teachers, friends, officlals, organisations, locals, people support us to impove this study The authors wish tO express our speclal thanks to PhD Thuy (National Economics University Nguyen Thi Le Viet Narn) and Prof PhD Lars Tosten Enksson ( Uppsala University — Sweden) have had advices for us to carry out this Thesis Abstract Free migration of The Ethnic Minority groups is the common phenomenon, relatively many fields of society It impact on destination and free migrants themselves In last time, there are many studies which researched ¿enera11y streams of migration in Viet Nam, but still lack of systematical studies about free migraion of the Ethnic Minorities community and each group, in particular the Hmong group Our graduated thesis of Master program of public sector management that have concentrated: Situation, impacts and reasons of free migration of the Hmong in Dak Lak province from 2006 — 2010 We have used methods: 1) Overview method;2) Collection of data ; 3) Suvey and inteview; 4) Analyze data ; 5) Expert We usuall used essential tools for study such as SWOT, PROBLEM TREE, MIND MAP, SMART, diagram fi.eld force We hope this thesis is a useful document for studies and an lmportant base for the Government to manage free migration of the Hmong people in Dak Lak and country in next time Result of thesis indicate: The government should study the relatition between resources and size of popultion in provinces : One in North moutainous province where have l lot of the Hmong people to live, one in Central Highlands, have to consider the features of Hmong group So it will become an important base for prediction, guideline of free migration of Hmong and other groups in future CONTENT Acknowledgements Abstract List of Abbreviate Letters List of Tables and Charts List of Appendixes Chapterl Introduction l Study problem 1.2 Questions and aim s the study 1.3 The size of the study 1.4 The study Methodology 10 1.5 The limitation of study 10 1.6 The lay - out of thesis 12 12 The theoretical frame of the free migration of the Ethnic Minority Groups The free migration of the Ethnic Minority groups 2.2 Theories of Migration 13 Overview and history of migration of the 15 Chapter Chapter 12 Hmong group in Vietnam 3.1 Chapter 4 l 4.2 4.3 4.4 Chapter Chater History, economics, culture of the Hmong group in Viet Nam The free migration of the Hmong people in Dak Lak province from 2006 - 2010 The overview of the Dak Lak province The free migration of the Hmong from 2006 to 2010 year The impacts of the free migration of the Hmong group to the Oak Lak provin«.e The reasons of the free migration of the Hmong group to the Dak Lak province The solutions which will solve the free migration of the Hmong group in the the Dak Lak and Vietnam from 2012 — 2020 The conclusions and the Recommended next 15 21 21 27 30 36 45 46 steps l The conclusions 46 6.2 The Recommended next steps 47 References 49 Appendix 52 List of Abbreviate Letters EMG Ethnic Minority Group PC The People s Committee TPC The People s Council MGR Migration FMGR Free/ spontaneous migration PM Prime Minister Central Government Solution General Statistics Office Publishing House Report DVS II Divison II AgrRD Agriculture, Rural developme DCS Decision GD Guideline ST-NEZ Setlement - New Economic Z List of Tables and Charts Table Table Table Table Table Chart l Chart Chart Number of the Ethnic Minorities people migraed freely to Dak Lak Distribution of the Hmong free migrants into districts Provinces where have a lot of the Hmong free migrants to Dak Lak Survey of study group: Original province Survey of the General statistics office: the difficulties which free migrants had faced Survey for ducation of the Hmong households in Dak Lak Reasons of free migrtion of the Hmong in Dak Lak Area of kind of lands in districts where have a lot of the Hmong free migrants List of Appendixes Appendix Use land in Dak Lak province ( 2010) Appendix Appendix Distrubution of the Hmong population into province ( 2009) Locals have a lot of the Hmong free migrants to Dak Lak The Administrative of Dak Lak province Apendix Quesionnaire Appendix Result of survey Appendix The pictures of living of the Hmong free migrants Appendix Chapter Introduction 1.1 Study problem Viet Nam have 54 groups to live together in long time, including 53 the Ethnic Minority groups ( EMG) The Ethnic Minorities peole who usually live in the mainly high moutainous areas Most of them cultivate in moutainous arable for living, so that natural resources, in particular arable and forest are very important for them The difficulty of cultivative conditions is the main cause of the poverty of the EMG communities To migrate for finding advantageous areas for living that is common phenomenon in the EMG in Viet Nam in history In the past, because of the war conditions, difficult transport and communications, so migration had been carried out in short distance After the United country day, there are more advantageous conditions, the migration of the EMG has been carried not only in near areas but also in very long distances, interprovincial areas There are two types of migration: l) Organised migration which depend on the Government plans To carry out it, the both origin and destination had prepared so migrant s lives and their manufacture were so advantageous, limition of the impact on locals Nowadays, every year the Government have still been migrating few people; 2) Free migration ( spontaneous migration) that IS lS the type of migration so migrants not depend on the government In last time, many the Ethnic Minority people, including a lot of the Hmong people from the Nouh moutainous provinces, Thanh Hoa province and Nghe An province migrated spontaneously to the Central Highlands for purpose to settle in long tune In latest time, like many provinces in the Central Highlands, the number of See migrants moved into Dak Lak in 2006 -2010 period that reduced r’ernarkb1ly However, most spontaneous migrants are the Hmong people In mcnths of early 201 l year, there are 31 households, 100 Hmong people to migrate freely to Dak Lak province Free migration is a phenomenon which should have detail studies In last true, there are many studies to research generally for streams of migration, but still lack of free migration of the Ethnic Minorities, lack of deep and systernatical studies for many groups and each group working so long in the Ethnic Minority field, three numbers of the our greup have knowledgeably good field of the Ethnic Minorities, and we usually want get good chances to contribute clearly for this field So we choose thesis ” The free migration of the Hmong group in Viet Nam: The case study in Dak Lak province from 2006 — 2010” for finish of program We used methods: General study, collective data, anlytic data, and experts; anJ used the SWOT, PROBLEM TREE, MIND MAP, SMART, force field di•gram tools to solve these points: the impacts and causes of free migration in Dak Lak We realise that government s migration and free migration policies are dé›1gned IO create optimal geographical balance in distribution of population and resources Directly policy interventions have included replocation of Ethnic Mxorities population in moutainous areas, mainly in the Central Highlands, including Dak Lak province The our recommendation that is to study coatinuatively: the relation between the natural resources, particularly land resource and the size of the Hmong population ( link to features of group) in one uf ginal North moutainnous pros'ince ( i.g Ha Giang province) and Dak Lak province that it is base for solving the free migration of the Hmong people in next true 1.2 The questions and aim s study The study asks the following questions 1) Describe the situation of the free migration of the Hmong in Dak Lak pirovince (2006 -2010) 2) Factors have influenced to the Hmong free migratant s lives? 3) Impacts of the free migration on the Hmong free migrants in Dak Lak province ? 4) Reasons of the free migration of the Hmong group into Dak Lak ¿rov ince ? The study aims to: l) Analyse impacts and reasons of free migration of the Hmong in Dak Lak province (2006 -2010) 2) Recommendation solutions and next study for solving the free migration of the Hmong people ( 2012 — 2020) 1.3 The Size of study The free migration of the Hmong in Dak Lak province from 2006 to 2010 1.4 The Study Methodology 1.4.1 Overview method The group s study unify the study theories of the migration, including in books: l) “ Theories mgration and Social change”- Hein de Haas, International mgration Institution, James Martin 215 Century, Oxford University, hein.dehaas Q qeh ox.ac.uk.( 7/2008) 2) “ The 2004 Vietnam migration survey: Major Findings”, Genaral Statistics Office — United Nations Population Fund, Statistical Publishing House 3) “ Migration in Vietnam: Theoretical Approaches and Evidence from a Survey”— Edited by Dang Nguyen Anh Printcd by Transport Communication Public House, Agust, 2001 4) “ Migration in Viet Nam, a review of information on curent trends, and patterns, and their policy implications”, Dang Nguyen Anh, Celitia Tacoli, Hoatig Yuan Thanh - was presented at Regional Conference on Migration, Developmnet and Pro — poor Choices in Asia, Dakar, 2003 5) Internal Migration: Opportunities and Challenges for Socio — Economic development in Viet Nam, United Nations — Viet Nam, Ha Noi, Ruly 2010 TAI LIE) U THAM KHAO l Céc dan toc o Ha Giang, UBND tinh Ha Giang, Le Duy Dai — Trieu Duc Thanh fchfi bien), NXB Thé gic i Trung tain thong tin van hfia cac dan toc, nam 2004 Bao céo ctia Vu II ( Vu Mién Trung va Tay Nguyen) - Uy ban Dan toc Glai quyét van de di cu ctia ngu6i Mong ci mién nui hai tinh Thanh Héa va Nghe An , ( 19/6/2009), Da)u Tuan Nam Bao Gia Lai II / BC — DP II, ngiiy 05/7/20l l “ Ve tinh hinh dong bao Mong o Tay Nguyén” cua Vu II ( Vq Mién Trung va Tay Nguyén) - Uy ban Dan toc Website cua Uy ban nhan dan tinh Dak Lak; Nién giam Thong ké tinh Dak Lak nam 2010 “Bao céo két quit kh:to sat ve tinh hinh di cu do; ccing tac on dinh dan di cu tai mot so huyen trén dia ban tinh”, so 44/ BC-HDND 09/12/2010 cua Hoi dong nhan dan tinh Dak Lak “ Bio cao tinh hinh, thuc hi(n bo tri, sap xép on dinh dan di cu trén dia ban tinh”, so 248/BC —SNNNT, 24/1 II/201 l cua SP Nong nghi(p va Ph:it trién nong tiion tinh Dak Lak “ The 2004 Vietnam migration survey: Major Findings”, Genaral Statistics OfflGe — United Nations Population Fund, Statistical Publishing House “ Interprovincial Migration and Inequality During Vietnam s Transition ” by Diep Phan and Ian Coxhead, Department of Agricultural & Applied Ecor.om ics, University of Wisconsin — Madison ( USA), Staff Paper Serices, 2008 10 “ Migration in Vietnam: Theoretical Approaches and Evidence from a Survey”— F.dited by Dang Nguyen 4nh Printed by Transport Communication Public House, Agust, 2001 l “ Bao cao soa, bfi sung quy hoach bo tri dan cu giai doan 2011 — 2015 d|nh hu6ng dén nam 2020”, so 57/BC — UBND, 29/4/201 l cua UBND tinh Dak Lak 12 “Phat trién kinh té thi truéng — mot so van de thuc tien ci Mién Trung va Tay Nguyén”, PGS, TS Chu Hao, NXB ly lua)n chinh tr], 2005 13 “ Mo(t so giai phép gop phan on dinh va ph:it trién ci Tay Nguyén hi(n nay”, PGS, TS Chu Héa ( chu bién), NXB Chinh tri Quoc gia, 2007 14 Migration in Vietnam: A review of information on current trends and pattemts, and the policy implications, Dang Nguyen Anh, Social Development Program, The Asia — Pacific Economic Center, Hanoi, Vietnam; Celia Tacoli, International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK; Hoang Xuan Thanh, Ageless consultants, Hanoi, Vietnam 15 Bai giiing mon: Phan tich chinh sach cfing Chuong trinh thac sy Quan ly cfing lien két giiia Dai hpc Kinh Ie ( Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Noi) v:i Dai h9c Uppsala ( Thuy Dién) Kh6a 16 Bai giang mon: Lanh dao va su thay doi, ky nang lanh dao, qu:in chién luoc Chuong Mnh thac sy Quan ly cfing lien két giiia Dai hpc Kinh Ie ( Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha N i) vii Dai hpc Uppsala ( Thpy Dién) Khfia 17 Campo Salvatore Schiavo and Tommasi Daniel (1999), Maneging Got eminent Expenditure, The Asia Development Bank 18 Public Manegement Sector — Norman Flvnn 19 Bai gi:ing “Qu:in ly ngufin nhan luc khu vuc cong “Chuong Mnh thac sy Quiin ly cfing lien két giiia Dar hoc Kinh té ( Da'i hpc Quoc gia Ha Noi) va Dai hoc Uppsala ( Thuy Dién) Khéa 20 Danh mqc ciic dan toc Vi(t Nam ( Ban hanh theo Quyét dinh so: 121 — TCTK 02/3 1979 cua Tong cue Thong ke 21 Nghi quyét so 30 a/2008 /NQ —CP 27/ l 2/2008 cua Chinh phu PHU LUC SU’ DUNG DAT TT TINH DAK LAK ( 2010) Danh mpc Di(n tich (ha) 1.312.574 Tong di(n tich dat tip nhien I Dat N6ng nghi(p 533.404 l Dat cay hang ném 214.981 Dat cay lau nam 314.884 Dat dong co cho chan nuoi, ma)t nuoc nufi i thfiy siin II Dat firm nghi(p III Dat chuyén diing 87.463 IV Dat u 14.638 V Dat chaa sit dung 77.394 Dat bang Dat dfii nui Dat chua sfi dung khac VI Di(n tich dat nding nghi(p binh qu$n/nguiri P8¿ 1;¿« 2: TT l 10 11 12 13 2.283 599.908 7.321 69.854 219 0,3 DAN SG NG U'1J1 HM NG 11 CAC TINH NAM 2009 " Tinh Ha Giang Di(n Bién Son La Lao Cai Lai Chéu Yen B:ii Cao Bang Ngh( An Dak Lak Elék Néng Bac Can Tuyen Quang Thanh Hé›a Diln Hinting 231.464 170.684 157.230 146 147 83.324 81.921 51.373 28.992 22.760 21 952 17.470 16.974 14.799 tinh (ºZ») 31,9 34,8 14,6 23,8 3,51 toiinquoc (ºZ») 21,67 15,98 14,72 13,68 7,80 7,67 4,81 2,71 2,13 2,06 1,64 1,59 1,39 Phui luc 3: vr I CAC D!A PHU ONG CO NHIEU NGUY HMONG DI CN TQ DO DEN DAK LAK v:»h Lal Chau Yin Man Méo Vac V| Xuyen Bac Quang Hoang Su Phi Dong Van l Nguyén Binh Bao Lac Thach An l Chp Don Na Ri Ba Be l Bac Ha Biro Yen Biro Thang Van Ban Sa Pa l Muéng Té Muéng Lay Di(n Bien Sin Ho l Tua Chua Ha Giang II Cao Bang Ill Bac Can IV V VI ’DII Y/III IX X XI ?CII Ghi chit Lao Car Son La Tuyen Quang Lang Son Yen Bai Thanh H6a Nghe An Tuan Giéo Muéng La Phu Yen l Na Hang Yen Son Chiém Hfia Ham Yen l Bac Son l Van Chan Tram Tau l Quan Hfia Muéng Liit Ky Son Huyen 30 a; Vung nui da Huyen 30 a;Vung nui da Huy(n 30a; Vung nui da Huy(n 30a Huy(n 30 a Huy(n 30 a Huy(n 30 a Huy(n 30 a Huy(n 30 a Huy(n 30 a Huy(n 30 a Huy(n 30 a Huy(n 30 a Huy(n 30 a Huy(n 30 a Huy(n 30 a Phu luc 4: PHIEU DIEU TRA Man so I Phléu PHIEU DIEU TRA HQ GIA DINH Tr‹ing khufin kho ciia de tai nghién « Di ca tp cfia nguéi Hmfing ft Vi(t Nam : Trn6ng h pp nghién elm ii tinh Diic Lac giai doan 2006-2010», chung Hi gfri téi ong/ ba phiéu ‹4ieu tra, rat mong ducc su cong t:ic ctia ong/ ba Tat ca nhfmg thong tin ong/ba cung cap chi duoc sfi dung cho cfing tiic nghién elm, khfing su dqng c he muc ‹lich khac Yin ‹ ng/ ba cung cap cac thong tin v:i danh déu (x) vao o vuong ma ong/ba thay dung ( hoa)c phii hop) Xin Gng/ bii vui léng cho biet mgt so thfi ng tin sau : .Thfiing tin ve gia fiinh : Ho ten chit Barn/Nk : sSin»hi nnéam So ngucii tuoi di hpc: So nguéi tufii lao dong: Gi:u dinh thuo(c di(n: ho nghéo ho ca(n nghéo ho thoiit nghéo Ong; / bii va gia dinh hi(n dang song chfi yeu bring nghe gi? TJTOng trpt - Chan nufii Bufin biin Ngénh nghé khac Di(n tich dat trgt hi(n cé Tmong dé ’ ca phé : ; can su ; tiéu R img trfing : Dat trfin g cay ngan : Loat cay khac ( loat gi Tinh trang dat trpt + Di(n tich cé giay chfmg nh a( n Quyén su dung dat : , , , * Dien tich chua co giay chung nhan quyen su dung dat Chan nu f“iii : Tréu, bfi, de : .con ; tl opn : .con ; gaa, v i t .con Thu nhap binh quan moi nam cfia gia dinh : Tr.dong ( Ong/ba cé thué thém nhci n céng khéng ? So ngvéii ’ ) Théi-gian di ca va dJa ph aong not ting ba chuyen di : ( ) cu , Ong Ba di den day vao nam nao -, - Truoc day Ong (Ba) den tu: + Thon ,ban + Tinh : Ly fing/ ba di en? Do diéu ki(n nhien khac nghiét n Do tap qu n du canh du en Di theo nguci kh:ie n Muon thay dfii cuoc song Do thiéu dat san xuét n Thiéu dat ci Thiéu nha ci khé khiin Do diéu ki(n song thiéu thon Khfing co vi(c 1ém Do sinh de nhiéu (khé khan) Khi chuyen vao Diic Lac gia dinh d5 chuyen den nhfrng dja diem néo: Sjy can thi(p ciia chinh quyen not di? - Chinh quyen d;ia phuong cé biet khfing? Co biet n Khfing biet Co biet nhung khong lam gi n Cé biet d5 can thi(p Cho di Khong cho di S;y can thi(p cfi a chinh quyen not den? - Chinh quyen d]a phuong cé biet khfing ? Cé biet n Khong biet Co biet nhung khfing cho o n Cé biet cé cho fi Bat buoc phai tro ve que cii n Tao diéu ki(n cho o lai Cé bo tri cho o n Cé bfi tri dat san xuat Co tao diéu ki(n cho sinh hoat cong dong not cu trii & Ong( Ba) dircfc hnfmg chinh s:ich gi fr not ca trii méi? - Chinh s:ich chung cho cong dong d$n cu: — Chinh s:ich riéng cho dong bao DTTS: — Chinh s:ich riéng cho dong bao DTTS di cn dén: Chinh s:ich riéng cho dong bao DT filing di en den: Ong/ba hiii l6ng véi nhiing chinh s:ich niio? - Chinh s:ich nao dot viii gia fiinh i':ing /bii lii hi(u qué? - Ong/bii cé nguy(n vqng /de xuat gi véi c:ie chinh s:ich ? - Ong /bii cé nguy(n vgng /de xuat gi véi c:ie cap chinh quyen ? - Ong/ba héi l6ng véi dieu ki(n noi den khfing? Co Khong Tai sa - Ong/bit cé mong muon on d;inh va ph:i t trien Co Khéng Tai sao: Co Khéng Tai sa - Ong/ba cé muon den cho kh:ie lam an sinh song khfing? Co Khfing Tai sa Cém on si,r h‹;rp téc cda éng/bé ! Mau so Phieu so PHIEU PHONG VG CN BQ TRANG THON, BAN, BUON Th6n/ban/ buon XII Muy(n Trong khuon khfi ctia de tai nghién ciru « Di en t;y cfia ngwiri Mfing ii Vi(t Nam : Traimg hpp nghién chin fr tinh Dac Lac giai doan 2005-2010», chung Hi xin phéng van ong/ba rnau chung, rat mong dupc su cong tac cua ong/ ba at ca nhfmg thong tin ong/ba cung cap chi dupe sit dung cho cong t:ic nghién elm, khfing sit dung cho muc dich khac Hp va ten c:in b( : Ngiiy ghi phieu dieu Dieu tra Dan ca, dén so cuoi nam 2010 ciia thfin/ban/ bu fin: Tong dan so toan thon/bén/ buon: So ho: ; So khau: dé Nguén Mong Ho ; Khéu: ( cuoi 2010) So lwpng ngwiri filing di ca trén fija ban giai doin 2005 -2010 - So ho : ; so khau : ( tu 2005 -2010) Trong dé So hp quay ve que cu: De lo Cac chinh s:ich nao de ho trir dong bao MGng DCTD on d)nh dirt song, ph:it trien kinh te trén d;ia ban ( thGn/b:i n/buGn) : Theo King/biI c:ic h( ngwiri Mfi ng di en trén d}a biin gap hi(n ga)p nh fmg khé khan gi : Dirt song Kinh te : De xuat ciia ting/bii ( véi ta each la trafm g thfin/ban/bu6n) de gifip nguiii Mfing di en tu on djnh cu(c song, sfin xuat : Theo King/bii ( véi ta c:ich la trufmg thfin/bfin/bufin) vi(c di en tir ciia dong biro Mfing den dja phuong co anh hufmg chung den cfjng dong diln en vii vi(c thjyc hi(n c:ie chinh sach trén dja ban nhir the niio ? Hi(u fr dJa phwong dang trien khai c:ie bi(n ph:ip nao de ngiin cha)n dong biro filing di ca t;y den dja biin? Nguiri tra liri phicu Ky ghi ro hp tén Dieu tra vién Kj ghi ro ho tén Phu luc : TONG HQP IT QUA XL LY DIEU TRA Thiipg tin ve chu ho TT I Not den (not diéu tra) So lupng ho) Ket qua N(i dung Huyen Ea Kar 12 20 H.Krfi ng Bong 12 20 H Krfing Pac 14 23.3 Huy(n M Drak 05 8.3 H Ea Sup 01 0.16 H Krfing Nang 05 8.3 Huy(n Lak 05 8.3 Huy(n Cu M'gar 07 11.64 60 100 15 12 20 Cao Bang 8.3 Ha Giang 13 21.6 3.3 19 60 31.8 100 2006 21 35 2007 12 20 2008 10 16.7 2009 15 25 2010 3.3 60 100 Mii chu 28 47 Tiéu hoc 26 43 Trung h9c cc sci 60 10 100 Tong II Not di ( tinh) Yen Bai Léo Car uyén Quang Son La « Tong so III Théi diém den 7ong so tin ve Noi dung dinh qua Binh quan Tong ski: II 504 8.4 Tong so khau trén 10 ngufii/ho Tong so khau dum ngum /hp 17 28 T 40 67 334 5.57 so khau In -9 So nguéi So nguéii tuoi di h pc So nguéii tufii lao 210 226 3.77 Dat N di(n tich TT san 171 Dat cay ngan 127 Dfit cay dai 26 Khfing xac d|nh 2.86 2.12 0.45 0.3 18 nhfin di ca so dieu tra: Hfj x:ie nh a(n Ty I( (°Z«) 40 67 Do di theo ngucii khac 40 67 Do thiéu dat sén xuat 33 55 Do diéu ki(n song thiéu thon 52 87 Do sinh de nhiéu 41 68 Do muon thay dfii cuoc song 47 78 Do t a( p quan di en 10 Do nhiéu nguyén nhan 56 93 TT Nguyén nh$n Do ki(n nhien nghiet Phu luc : BAN DC H ANH €’H INH TINH DAK LA K Phu luc 7: Mfjt so hinh :inh ve nguiri Hinting di cn t;y 11/ 14/2011 Giadinh net Nhii ir ctia ngméi Mrnéng di car éxii Cm Kroa huy n MaDak , tinh oak Ltik Anh : T.D.B Frwirng hgc fr lang ciia nguGi Hmong Ng niri Hinting giif a dli nglin Thy Nguyén Cor dii ngén mm dgi ngén 61 ... culture of the Hmong group in Viet Nam The free migration of the Hmong people in Dak Lak province from 2006 - 2010 The overview of the Dak Lak province The free migration of the Hmong from 2006 to 2010. .. The impacts of the free migration of the Hmong group to the Oak Lak provin«.e The reasons of the free migration of the Hmong group to the Dak Lak province The solutions which will solve the free. .. study The free migration of the Hmong in Dak Lak province from 2006 to 2010 1.4 The Study Methodology 1.4.1 Overview method The group s study unify the study theories of the migration, including in