Computer Systems docx

Computer Hardware Computer Hardware Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 2 2 Chapter Contents  Section A: Personal Computer Basics  Section B: Microprocessors and Memory  Section C: Storage Devices  Section D: Input and Output Devices  Section E: Hardware Security Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 3 2 SECTION A Personal Computer Basics Personal Computer Basics  Personal Computer Systems  Desktop and Portable Computers  Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems  Buying Computer System Components Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 4 2 Personal Computer Systems Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 5 2 Desktop and Portable Computers  The term form factor refers to the size and dimensions of a component, such as a system board or system unit  A desktop computer fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 6 2 Desktop and Portable Computers  A portable computer is a small, lightweight personal computer  A notebook computer (also referred to as a laptop), is a small, lightweight portable computer that opens like a clamshell to reveal a screen and keyboard  A tablet computer is a portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be used as a writing or drawing pad Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 7 2 Desktop and Portable Computers Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 8 2 Home, Media, Game, and Small Business Systems  A home computer system offers a hardware platform with adequate, but not super- charged support for most computer applications  Some of the most cutting-edge computers are designed for gaming  Computers marketed for small business applications tend to be middle-of-the-line models pared down to essentials Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 9 2 Buying Computer System Components  Decide how your computer will be used, and how much you want to spend  Decide on a platform (Mac, PC, Linux)  Look at ads in computer magazines and at computer/electronic stores  Understand the computer jargon  Expect to pay anywhere from a few hundred to several thousand dollars Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 10 2 Buying Computer System Components  Instead of buying a new computer, you might consider upgrading [...]... Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 11 2 Microprocessor Basics Microprocessor clock – Megahertz – Gigahertz Cache – Level 1 cache (L1) – Level 2 cache (L2) Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 12 2 Today’s Microprocessors Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 13 2 Random Access Memory Random Access Memory is a temporary holding area for data, application program instructions, and the operating system Chapter 2: Computer. .. expensive, and usually found in high-performance workstations Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 17 2 Read-Only Memory ROM is a type of memory circuitry that holds the computer s startup routine – Permanent and non-volatile The ROM BIOS tells the computer how to access the hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 18 2 EEPROM  Electrically Erasable Programmable... Non-volatile Card reader may be required to read data on solid state storage Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 29 2 Solid State Storage  A USB flash drive is a portable storage device that plugs directly into a computer s USB port using a built-in connector Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 30 2 Storage Wrap-up Most desktop computers have several drive bays, some accessible from outside the case, and others—designed... with a face plate Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 31 2 Storage Wrap-up Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 32 2 SECTION Input and Output Devices D Basic Input Devices Display Devices Printers Installing Peripheral Devices Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 33 2 Basic Input Devices Keyboard Pointing device – Pointing stick – Trackpad – Trackball – Joystick Touch screen Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 34 2 Display... categories of optical technologies – Read-only (ROM) – Recordable (R) – Rewritable (RW) Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 26 2 CD and DVD Technology  CD-DA  DVD-Video  CD-ROM  DVD-ROM  CD-R  DVD+R or DVD-R  CD-RW  DVD+RW or DVD-RW Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 27 2 CD and DVD Technology Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 28 2 Solid State Storage Solid state storage technology stores data in an erasable,... volatile – Requires electrical power to hold data Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 15 2 Random Access Memory RAM capacity is expressed in megabytes or gigabytes Personal computers typically feature between 256MB and 2GB of RAM An area of the hard disk, called virtual memory, can be used if an application runs out of allocated RAM Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 16 2 Random Access Memory RAM speed is often... storage medium Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 21 2 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Magnetic storage stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape surface Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 22 2 Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology Hard disk platters and readwrite heads are sealed inside the drive case or cartridge to screen out dust and other contaminants Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 23 2... data – SATA – Ultra ATA – EIDE – SCSI Not as durable as many other storage technologies – Head crash Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 24 2 CD and DVD Technology Optical storage stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disk surface – CD and DVD storage technologies Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 25 2 CD and DVD Technology Today’s DVD drives typically have 16X speeds for a data transfer rate... ReadOnly Memory  More permanent than RAM, and less permanent than ROM  Requires no power to hold data Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 19 2 SECTION Storage Devices C Storage Basics Magnetic Disk and Tape Technology CD and DVD Technology Solid State Storage Storage Wrap-up Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 20 2 Storage Basics A storage medium contains data A storage device records and retrieves data... technology illuminates lights arranged in a panel-like screen Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 35 2 Display Devices Viewable image size – bigger is better Dot pitch – smaller is better Refresh rate – higher is better Color depth – how many colors can be displayed Resolution – VGA, SVGA, XGA, SXGA, UXGA, and WUXGA Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 36 . Security Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 3 2 SECTION A Personal Computer Basics Personal Computer Basics  Personal Computer Systems  Desktop and Portable Computers  Home,. and Small Business Systems  Buying Computer System Components Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 4 2 Personal Computer Systems Chapter 2: Computer Hardware 5 2 Desktop