Digestion and Nutrition pot

[...]... an opening at the mouth (for intake) and an opening at the anus (for excretion) The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and the rectum 31 32 DIGESTION AND NUTRITION digestive tube and will be used by bacteria living in the intestines As a result of this bacterial metabolism, some people experience abdominal cramping and diarrhea This occurs when a person... from proteins, cholesterol, and triglycerides and sent into the blood to deliver these fats to the body’s tissues The lipids and proteins tend to separate, especially if there is an increase in blood pressure, as in hypertension Thus, LDL has earned the name “bad” cholesterol HDL protein is made in the liver and released into the bloodstream without 19 20 DIGESTION AND NUTRITION any lipids Its job... and breaks it down into the nutrients it can use, both major and minor The major nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids Vitamins and minerals are types of minor nutrients and will be discussed in Chapter 3 Nutrients serve as building blocks for larger chemicals and the energy that fuels all of the body’s processes, from cellular repair to the use of the muscles 21 3 Minor Nutrients and. .. supplements are used, as metals such as selenium and chromium are toxic in excess Calcium, magnesium, and phosphate provide strength to bones and teeth Iron is important in hemoglobin and other oxygen-containing compounds Iodine is a vital part of the hormone made by the thyroid gland Iodine deficiencies result in marked swelling of the thyroid gland and neck called goiter Individuals in the United... Metabolic pathways for carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids intersect and allow the body to use nutrients to both make and burn proteins and lipids Carbohydrates exist as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, depending on the number of sugar units Monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose Disaccharides include sucrose, lactose, and maltose Biologically important polysaccharides... developmental problems that restrict both mental and physical development Deficiencies occurring in adults cause a number of problems, such as premature aging, problems in fighting infections, and bleeding in joints and the digestive tract 17 18 DIGESTION AND NUTRITION Evaluation of the amount of proteins in the body is used to determine an individual’s nutritional status, called nitrogen balance If... body The hamburger and fries she eats contain a lot of fat and salt, and the milkshake will most likely make her feel sick Amy has a form of lactose intolerance in which, after she eats dairy products, she feels abdominal cramping and experiences diarrhea You will also learn what happens as a result of her lactose intolerance This book will discuss some nutritional controversies and health problems... supplementation of proteins and amino acids to achieve a neutral or positive nitrogen balance Fats and Lipids Lipids are insoluble in water, and thus they are difficult to carry in the blood They are categorized into triglycerides, phospholipids , and steroids The principal dietary lipids in the body are cholesterol and triglycerides Phospholipids are mostly tied up in cell membranes and do not play a significant... slightly differently in the Nutrition and Major Nutrients body Saturated fats contribute more to the buildup of plaque in arteries and are considered less healthy than unsaturated fats Saturated fats are found in all animal tissues, and unsaturated fats are found in nearly all plants As with proteins, two fatty acids are essential for human beings: linoleic and linolenic, and are called essential fatty... the digestive tract and nutrition You will read about why we need nutrients Why do we need a variety of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals? If we cannot absorb food until it is made into much smaller pieces, how does it get into the body? There is also a discussion of accessory organs that contribute to digestion, such as the liver and pancreas Digestive anatomy and physiology are . x0 y0 w0 h1" alt="" Digestion and Nutrition YOUR BODY How It Works Cells, Tissues, and Skin The Circulatory System Digestion and Nutrition The Endocrine. Digestion and Nutrition: 10 An Introduction 2. Nutrition and Major Nutrients 12 3. Minor Nutrients and Metabolism 22 4. Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination