HRH in Africa Bibliography by Subject Headings

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON HRH IN AFRICA 30 September 2004 BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS Liese, B., Blanchet, N., & Dussault, G (2003) Background paper on the human resource crisis in health services Washington, D.C.: World Bank [Full Text] Matsiko, C.W & Kiwanuka, J (2003) A review of human resource for health in Uganda Health Policy and Development, (1), 15-20 [Full Text] Narasimhan, V., Brown, H., Pablos-Mendez, A., Adams, O., Dussault, G., Elzinga, G., Nordstrom, A., Habte, D., Jacobs, M., Solimano, G., Sewankambo, N., Wibulpolprasert, S., Evans, T., & Chen, L (2004) Responding to the global human resources crisis The Lancet, 363, 1469-1472 [Full Text] USAID Support for Analysis and Research in Africa (2003) The health sector human resource crisis in Africa: An issues paper Washington, D.C.: Bureau for Africa, Office of Sustainable Development, [Full Text] WHO (2004) Chapter Health systems: Finding new strength World Health Report 2004 (pp 57-71) Geneva: WHO [Full Text] WHO/AFRO (2002) Planning health workers at the heart of health services delivery in Africa: A synopsis [Brochure] Brazzaville: WHO/AFRO [Full Text] BALANCE AND DISTRIBUTION Dussault, G & Franceschini, M (2003) Not enough here, too many there: Understanding geographical imbalances in the distribution of health personnel Washington, D.C.: World Bank Institute Egger, D & Adams, O (1999) Imbalances in human resources for health: Can policy formulation and planning make a difference? Geneva: World Health Organization [Full Text] Gupta, N., Zurn, P., Diallo, K., & Dal Poz, M (2003) Uses of population census data for monitoring geographical imbalance in the health workforce: Snapshots from three developing countries International Journal for Equity in Health, 2, (11) [Full Text] Makan, B (1998) Chapter 7: Distribution of health personnel In A Ntuli (Ed.), South African Health Review 1998 (pp 63-82) South Africa: Health Systems Trust [Full Text] Padarath, A., Chamberlain, C., McCoy, D., Ntuli, A., Rowson, M., & Loewenson, R (2003) Health personnel in Southern Africa: Confronting maldistribution and brain drain EQUINET Discussion Paper No [Full Text] Reid, S & Conco, D (1999) Chapter 17: Monitoring the implementation of community service In N Crisp (Ed.), South African Health Review 1999 (pp 233-248) South Africa: Health Systems Trust [Full Text] Southern African Regional Network on Equity in Health (EQUINET) & Health Systems Trust South Africa (HST) (2004) Equity in the distribution of health personnel Regional Research Review Meeting Report, 15-17 April, Johannesburg, South Africa: EQUINET & HST [Full Text] Van Rensburg, D & Van Rensburg, N (1999) Chapter 16: Distribution of human resources In N Crisp (Ed.), South African Health Review 1999 (pp 201-232) South Africa: Health Systems Trust [Full Text] Wibulpolprasert, S (1999) Inequitable distribution of doctors: Can it be solved? Human Resources Development Journal, [Full Text] World Health Organization (WHO) (2002) Technical consultation on imbalances in the health workforce Report of a Technical Consultation, 10-12 March, Ottawa, Canada Geneva: Evidence and Information Policy Department of Health Service Provision, WHO [Full Text] Zurn, P., Dal Poz, M., Stilwell, B., & Adams, O (2002) Imbalances in the health workforce: Briefing paper Geneva: Evidence and Information for Policy, Health Service Provision, WHO [Full Text] CAPACITY BUILDING Chen, L (2004) Harnessing the power of human resources for achieving the MDGs Presentation at the High Level Forum on the Health MDGs, Session on Human Resources in Health Geneva: WHO [Full Text] Johnson, S (2000) Building capacity in human resources management for health sector reform and the organizations and institutions comprising the sector Boston: LAC Health Sector Reform Initiative, Management Sciences in Health.1 [Full Text] Kurowski, C., Wyss, K., Abdulla, S., Yémadji, N., & Mills, A (2003) Human resources for health: Requirements and availability in the context of scaling up priority interventions in low-income countries Case studies from Tanzania and Chad London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Picazo, O (2002) Better health outcomes from limited resources: Focusing on priority services in Malawi Africa Region Human Development Working Paper Series Washington, D.C.: World Bank [Full Text] The Rockefeller Foundation (2003) Human resources for health and development New York: Rockefeller Foundation [Full Text] WHO & the World Bank Group (2003) Improving health workforce performance Issues for discussion: Session High-level Forum on the Health Millennium Development Goals Geneva: WHO [Full Text] WHO (2001) Workshop on global health workforce strategy Annecy, France, 9-12 December 2000 Geneva: WHO [Full Text] Wyss, K (2004) An approach to classifying human resources constraints to attaining health-related Millennium Development Goals Human Resources of Health 2004, (11) [Full Text] EDUCATION AND TRAINING Harden, R & Hart, I (2002) An international virtual medical school (IVIMEDS): The future for medical education? Medical Technology, 24 (3), 261-267 Kavalier, F (1998) Uganda: Death is always just around the corner The Lancet, 352, 141-142 [Full Text] Paper includes a Human Resource Development Assessment Tool 3 Kortenbout, E (1998) Chapter 6: Production of nurses in South Africa In A Ntuli (Ed.), South African Health Review 1998 (pp 51-62) South Africa: Health Systems Trust [Full Text] Kunavitktikul, W (2003) Training of human resources for health: An integrative literature review Joint Learning Initiative on Human Resources for Health and Development JLI Working Paper 2-8 [Full Text] Lehmann, U & Sanders, D (1999) Chapter 15: The production of doctors In N Crisp (Ed.), South African Health Review 1999 (pp 187-200) South Africa: Health Systems Trust [Full Text] Majoor, G (2004) Recent innovations in education of human resources for health Joint Learning Initiative on Human Resources for Health and Development JLI Working Paper 2-3 Draft version – not for citation [Full Text] Mekwa, J (2000) Chapter 13: Transformation in nursing education In A Ntuli (Ed.), South African Health Review 2000 (pp 271-284) South Africa: Health Systems Trust [Full Text] Moomal, H & Pick, W (1998) Chapter 5: Production of doctors in South Africa In A Ntuli (Ed.), South African Health Review 1998 (pp 45-50) South Africa: Health Systems Trust [Full Text] Ndumbe, P (2004) The training of human resources for health in Africa Joint Learning Initiative on Human Resources for Health, Rockefeller Foundation, Africa Working Group Cameroon: University of Yaounde [Full Text] Sohani, S., Sharif, S., & Fox, J (2002) Preparing nurses for facility management Aga Khan Health Services Kenya, Community Health Department, Policy Brief No [Full Text] Strasser, S & Gwele, N (1998) Chapter 8: Nurse oriented primary health care In A Ntuli (Ed.), South African Health Review 1998 (pp 83-92) South Africa: Health Systems Trust [Full Text] Strehler, A (2002) Mapping the capacity for technology-supported and technology-based distance learning in public health education in and for Africa South Africa: AfriHealth [Full Text] Varkevisser, C M., Mwaluko, G M., & Le Grand, A (2001) Research in action: The training approach of the joint health systems research project for the Southern African Region Health Policy and Planning, 16 (3), 281-291 [Full Text] WHO/AFRO (2000) Report of the consultative meeting on nursing and midwifery education and practice in Africa Consultative Meeting on Nursing and Midwifery Education and Practice in Africa, 3-7 April, Durban, South Africa South Africa: WHO [Full Text] WHO & the World Bank Group (2002) Building strategic partnerships in education and health in Africa Report from the Consultative Meeting on Improving Collaboration between Health Professionals, Governments, and Other Stakeholders in Human Resources for Health Development, 29 January-1 February, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia South Africa: WHO [Full Text] GENDER Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (2000) Gender inequalities and health sector reform Policy Briefings for Health Sector Reform No United Kingdom: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine & DFID [Full Text] Ramirez-Valles, J (1998) Promoting health, promoting women: The construction of female and professional identities in the discourse of community health workers Social Science and Medicine, 47 (11), 1749-1762 Standing, H (2000) Gender – A missing dimension in human resource policy and planning for health reforms Human Resources Development Journal, (1) [Full Text] HIV/AIDS & TB Aitken, J.M & Kemp, J (2003) HIV/AIDS, equity, and health sector personnel in Southern Africa EQUINET Discussion Paper No 12 [Full Text] Cohen, D (2002) Human capital and the HIV epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa Working Paper Geneva: ILO Programme on HIV/AIDS & the World of Work [Full Text] Harries, A., Zachariah, R., Bergstrom, K., Salaniponi, F., & Elzinga, G (2003) Human Resources for control of TB and HIV-associated TB Global Health Trust Working Group Draft form only – not for citation [Full Text] Huddart, J., Furth, R., & Lyons, J (2004) The Zambia HIV/AIDS workforce study: Preparing to scale up Bethesda, MD: Quality Assurance Project/USAID [Full Text] Kemp, J., Aitken, J.M., LeGrand, S., & Mwale, B (2003) Equity in health sector responses to HIV/AIDS in Malawi EQUINET Discussion Paper No Harare: EQUINET & Oxfam [Full Text] Kober, K & Van Damme, W (2004) Scaling up access to antiretroviral treatment in southern Africa: Who will the job? The Lancet, 364 (9428), 6-8 [Full Text] Kushner, A., Mannion, S., & Muyco, A (2004) Secondary crisis in African health care The Lancet, 363, 1478 [Full Text] Muula, A (2004) Ethical and programmatic challenges in antiretroviral scaling-up in Malawi: Challenges in meeting the World Health Organization’s “Treating Million by 2005” initiative goals Croatian Medical Journal, 45 (4), 415-421 [Full Text] Tawfik, L & Kinoti, S (2003) The impact of HIV/AIDS on health systems and the health workforce in Sub-Saharan Africa Washington, D.C.: SARA Project, USAID Bureau for Africa [Full Text] UNAIDS (2002) HIV/AIDS: Human resources and sustainable development World Summit on Sustainable Development, 2002, Johannesburg Geneva: UNAIDS [Full Text] UNAIDS (2000) Caring for carers: Managing stress in those who care for people with HIV and AIDS UNAIDS Best Practice Collection Geneva: UNAIDS [Full Text] WHO Swaziland (2004) Averting a complex emergency in Swaziland: Stakeholders debate WHO recommendations meeting transforming health services delivery Press Release 30 July 2004 Retrieved at http://www.sahims.net/doclibrary/2004/08_August/04/Swaziland/WHO_Averting a complex emergency in Swaziland.pdf [Full Text] Wyss, K (2004) Scaling-up anti-retroviral treatment and human resources for health: What are the challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa Basel: Centre for International Health, Swiss Tropical Institute [Full Text] HRH & HEALTH SECTOR REFORMS Alwan, A & Hornby, P (2002) The implications of health sector reform for human resources development Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80 (1), 56-60 [Full Text] Dovlo, D (1998) Health sector reform and deployment, training, and motivation of human resources towards equity in health care: Issues and concerns in Ghana Thailand: Human Resources for Health Development Journal [Full Text] Dussault, G & Dubois, C (2003) Human resources for health policies: A critical component in health policies Human Resources in Health 2003, (1) [Full Text] Martineau, T & Buchan, J (2000) Human resources and the success of health sector reform Presented at 128th Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, 12-16 November 2000, Boston [Full Text] Martineau, T & Martinez, J (1996) Human resources and health sector reforms Workshop on Human Resources and Health Sector Reforms: Research and Development Priorities in Developing Countries, 16-18 April 1996 Liverpool: International Health Division, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine [Full Text] Mutizwa-Mangiza, D (1998) The impact of health sector reform on public sector health worker motivation in Zimbabwe Partnerships for Health Reform, Major Applied Research Paper No Bethesda, MD: Abt Associates Inc [Full Text] Rigoli, F & Dussault, G (2003) The interface between health sector reform and human resources in health Human Resources in Health 2003, (9) [Full Text] HRH LEGISLATION Commonwealth Secretariat (2002) Commonwealth code of practice for international recruitment of health workers London: Commonwealth Secretariat [Full Text] International Labor Organization (1998) Terms of employment and working conditions in health sector reforms Report for discussion at the Joint Meeting on Terms of Employment and Working conditions in Health Sector Reforms Geneva: ILO [Full Text] HRH POLICY Anand, S & Baernighausen, T (2003) Human resources and health outcomes Joint Learning Initiative on Human Resources for Health and Development, JLI Working Paper 7-2 [Full Text] Beaglehole, R & Dal Poz, M (2003) Public health workforce: Challenges and policy issues Human Resources for Health 2003, (4) [Full Text] Buchan, J (2004) What difference does (“good”) HRM make? Human Resources For Health 2004, (6) [Full Text] Corkery, J (2000) Public service reforms and their impact on health sector personnel in Uganda Impact of Public Service Reforms on Health Personnel Geneva: ILO & WHO [Full Text] Ferrinho, P & Dal Poz, M (2003) Towards a global health workforce strategy Studies in Health Organization and Policy, 21 Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] Husain, Z M (1997) Human resources development: A new look Human Resources Development Journal, 1997-1998 (2) [Full Text] Jones, J S (1999) SA doctors speak on migration South African Medical Journal, 89 (1) [Full Text] Klugman, B & McIntyre, D (2000) From policy, through budgets, to implementation: Delivering quality health care services South Africa: Women’s Budget Initiative, IDASA [Full Text] Kolehmainen-Aitken, R-L (2003) Decentralization’s impact on the health workforce: Perspectives of managers, workers, and national leaders Joint Learning Initiative on Human Resources for Health and Development Working Group Draft version – not for citation [Full Text] Kolehmainen-Aitken, R-L (1998) Decentralization and human resources: Implications and impacts Human Resources Development Journal, (1), 1-16 [Full Text] Lethbridge, J (2003) Public sector reform and HRH demand Human Resources for Health and Development: A Joint Learning Initiative Working Group Draft version – not for citation [Full Text] Lowell, L B (2001) Policy responses to the international mobility of skilled labor International Migration Paper 45 Geneva: ILO [Full Text] Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2002) International migration of physicians and nurses: Causes, consequences, and health policy interventions Paper presented at expert meeting for human resources for healthcare of the OECD Health Project, Paris, France Not online – in draft form only Martineau, T & Buchan, J (2000) HR and the success of health sector reform: Eliminating health disparities Human Resources for Health Development Journal, (3) [Full Text] Martineau, T., & Martinez, J (1998) Rethinking human resources: An agenda for the millennium Health Policy and Planning, 13 (4), 345-358 [Full Text] Martinez, J & Collini, L (1999) A review of the human resources issues in the health sector: A briefing paper London: Health Systems Resource Center, DFID [Full Text] Ngufor, G (1999) Public service reforms and their impact on health sector personnel in Cameroon Impact of Public Service Reforms on Health Personnel Geneva: ILO & WHO [Full Text] WHO (2002) Human resources for health: Developing policy options for change Discussion Paper Draft Geneva: WHO [Full Text] WHO, ILO, International Council of Nurses (ICN), & Public Services International (PSI) (2001) Public service reforms and their impact on health sector personnel - Critical questions: A tool for action Geneva: WHO, ILO, ICN, & PSI [Full Text] Wyss, K., Moto, D.D., & Callewaert, B (2001) Constraints to scaling-up health related interventions: The case of Chad Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH) Working Paper Series, Paper No WG5, 17 [Full Text] LABOR MARKETS Mehmet, O (2002) The emerging global labor market: Some implications for international health Presentation at the Consultation on Imbalances in the Health Workforce, 10-12 March 2002, Ottawa, Canada 7 Wahba, J (2003) Health labor markets: Incentives or institutions Global Health Trust Working Group UK: University of Southampton Draft form only – not for citation [Full Text] LESSONS LEARNED IN HRH Glenngard, A & Anell, A (2003) Investment in human resources for health – Problems, approaches, and donor experiences Joint Learning Initiative on Human Resources for Health and Development JLI Working Paper 2-6 Draft version – not for citation [Full Text] WHO (2004) The health workforce: Current challenges Geneva: WHO MIGRATION AND MOBILITY ISSUES Adams, R.H (2003) International migration, remittances, and the brain drain: A study of 24 laborexporting countries World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3069 Washington, D.C.: World Bank.2 [Full Text] Aiken, L., Buchan, J., Sochalski, J., Nichols, B., & Powell, M (2004) Trends in international nurse migration Health Affairs, 23 (3), 69-77 [Full Text] Alkire, S & Chen, L (2004) “Medical exceptionalism” in international migration: Should doctors and nurses be treated differently? Joint Learning Initiative on Human Resources for Health Working Group Draft version – not for citation [Full Text] Awases, M., Gbary, A., Nyoni, J., & Chatora, R (2004) Migration of health professionals in six countries: A synthesis report Brazzaville: WHO-AFRO DHS In press Buchan, J., Parkin, T., & Sochalski, J (2003) International nurse mobility: Trends and policy implications Geneva: World Health Organization [Full Text] Bundred, P & Levitt, C (2000) Medical migration: Who are the real losers? The Lancet, 356, 245-246 [Full Text] Campbell, E.K (2002) Skills and brain drain and the movement of skilled migrants in Southern Africa Paper presented at SAMP/LHR/HSRC Workshop on Regional Integration, Poverty, and South Africa’s Proposed Migration Policy, 23 April 2002, Pretoria, South Africa [Full Text] Dovlo, D (2004) Causes of health worker migration: Perspectives from Ghana Paper presented at the Institute of Future Studies Workshop on Global Migration, 11-12 June 2004, Stockholm, Sweden [Full Text] Dovlo, D (2003) The brain drain and retention of health professionals in Africa Regional Training Conference on Improving Tertiary Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Things That Work! 23-25 September 2003, Accra, Ghana [Full Text] Dovlo, D & Nyonator, F (1999) Migration by graduates of the University of Ghana Medical School: A preliminary rapid appraisal Human Resources for Health Development Journal, (1), 40-51 [Full Text] Fresta, E., Fresta, M.J., & Ferrinho, P (2000) The internal brain drain in the Angolan health sector In P Ferrinho & W Van Lerberghe (Eds.), Providing Health Care Under Adverse Conditions (pp 4352) Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] The paper reports on Nigeria and Sudan 8 Gaidzanwa, R (1999) Voting with their feet: Migrant Zimbabwean nurses and doctors in the era of structural adjustment Research Report No 11 Sweden: Motala Grafiska [Full Text] International Organization of Migration (2004) The IOM’s Activities in Human Resource Development including Reversing the Brain Drain Seminar on Health and Migration, 9-11 June 2004, Geneva, Switzerland [Full Text] International Organization of Migration (2004) The migration of health care workers: Creative solutions of manage health workforce migration Seminar on Health and Migration, 9-11 June 2004, Geneva, Switzerland [Full Text] International Organization for Migration (2003) Chapter 12: Linkages between brain drain, labour migration and remittances in Africa World Migration 2003 (pp.215-238) Geneva: IOM [Full Text] Kupfer, L., Hofman, K., Jarawan, R., McDermott, J., & Bridbord, K (2004) Strategies to discourage brain drain The World Health Bulletin, 82 (8), 617-623 [Full Text] Lehmann, U (2003) Migration of health personnel and its impact on health service delivery –The South African case GTZ Migration Conference, 20-21 October 2003, Berlin [Full Text] Lowell, L & Findlay, A (2001) Migration of highly skilled persons from developing countries: Impact and policy responses International Migration Papers, No 44 Geneva: International Labour Office.3 [Full Text] Mafubelu, D (2004) Using bilateral arrangements to manage migration of health care workers: The case of South Africa and the United Kingdom Seminar on Health and Migration, 9-11 June 2004, Geneva, Switzerland [PowerPoint presentation] Martineau, T., Decker, K., & Bundred, P (2002) Briefing note on international migration of health professionals: Leveling the playing field for developing country health systems Liverpool: Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine [Full Text] Mejia, A (2004) Migration of physicians and nurses: A world wide picture Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 82 (8), 626-630 (Original work published 1978) [Full Text] Ojo, K (1990) International migration of health manpower in Sub-Saharan Africa Social Science and Medicine, 31 (6), 631-637 Pang, T., Lansang, M., & Haines, A (2002) Brain drain and health professionals British Medical Journal, 324, 499-500 [Full Text] Sagoe, K (2004) Migration of health care providers – Using the Diaspora to strengthen health workforce capacity Seminar on Health and Migration, 9-11 June 2004, Geneva, Switzerland [PowerPoint Presentation] Stilwell, B., Diallo, K., Zurn, P., Vujicic, M., Adams, O., & Dal Poz, M (2004) Migration of health-care workers from developing countries: Strategic approaches to its management Bulletin of the World Health Organization,, 82 (8), 559-636 [Full Text] Wadda, R (2000) Brain drain and capacity building in Africa: The Gambian experience Paper presented at the Joint ECA/IOM/IDRC Regional Conference on Brain Drain and Capacity Building in Africa, 22-24 Feb 2000, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia [Full Text] Includes specific data from South Africa Case study on Ghana provided 9 WHO (2004c) Recruitment of health workers from the developing world Report by the Secretariat, 19 April 2004 Executive Board 114th Session, Provisional agenda item 4.3 [Full Text] MOTIVATION AND INCENTIVES Bennett, S & Franco, L (2000) Health worker motivation and health sector reform PHR Primer for Policy Makers Washington, D.C.: PHR Project [Full Text] Bennett, S & Franco, L (1999) Public sector health worker motivation and health sector reform: A conceptual framework Partnerships for Health Reform, Major Applied Research 5, Technical Paper No Bethesda, MD: Abt Associates Inc [Full Text] Bennett, S & Franco, L (1998) Summary proceedings: Workshop on health worker motivation and health sector reform Partnerships for Health Reform, Major Applied Research 5, Working Paper Bethesda, MD: Abt Associates Inc.5 [Full Text] Bennett, S., Franco, L., Kanfer, R., & Stubblebine, P (2001) The development of tools to measure the determinants and consequences of health worker motivation in developing countries Partnerships for Health Reform, Major Applied Research 5, Technical Paper No Bethesda, MD: Abt Associates Inc [Full Text] Codjia, L & Bah, A (2002) Motivation de professionnels du secteur privé au Sénégal Dakar : Centre Africain d’Etudes Supérieures en Gestion Unpublished paper Hicks, V & Adams, O (2001) Pay and non-pay incentives, performance and motivation Prepared for the Global Health Workforce Strategy Group Geneva: WHO [Full Text] Mudyarabikwa, O & Madhina, D (2000) An assessment of incentive setting for participation of private for-profit health care providers in Zimbabwe Partnerships for Health Reform, Small Applied Research No 15 Bethesda, MD: Abt Associates Inc [Full Text] Mukherjee, R & Manning, N (2000) Administrative and civil service reform: Rewards and incentives Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group [Full Text] Van Lerberghe, W., Conceicao, C., Van Damme, W., & Ferrinho, P (2002) When staff is underpaid: Dealing with the individual coping strategies of health personnel Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80 (7), 581-584 [Full Text] PAYMENT MECHANISMS Hammer, J & Jack, W (2001) The design incentives for health care providers in developing countries: Contracts, competition and cost-control World Bank Country Economics Department Paper Series No 2547 Washington, D.C.: World Bank [Full Text] Vujicic, M., Zurn, P., Diallo, K., Adams, O., & Dal Poz, M (2004) The role of wages in the migration of health care professionals from developing countries Human Resources for Health, 2, (3) [Full Text] PERSONNEL BEHAVIORS & WORKING CONDITIONS Includes PowerPoint slides from case studies in Zimbabwe and Senegal 10 Bchir, A & De Brouwere, V (2000) The performance of medical doctors in Tunisia In P Ferrinho & W Van Lerberghe (Eds.), Providing Health Care Under Adverse Conditions: Health Personal Performance and Individual Coping Strategies (pp 31-42) Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] Damasceno, A., Van Lerberghe, W., & Ferrinho, P (2000) Coping through private practice: A cardiologist in Maputo, Mozambique In P Ferrinho & W Van Lerberghe (Eds.), Providing Health Care Under Adverse Conditions: Health Personal Performance and Individual Coping Strategies (pp 151-156) Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] DeVilliers, M R & DeVilliers, P.J.T (2004) Doctor’s views of working conditions in rural hospitals in the Western Cape SA Family Practice Retrieved September 9, 2004, from http://www.edoc.co.za/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=521 [Full Text] DeVries, E.M & Marincowitz, G.M (2004) The perceptions of rural women doctors about their work South African Family Practice Retrieved September 9, 2004, from http://www.edoc.co.za/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=522 [Full Text] Dovlo, D (2000) Measuring and monitoring staff performance in Ghana In P Ferrinho & W Van Lerberghe (Eds.), Providing Health Care Under Adverse Conditions: Health Personal Performance and Individual Coping Strategies (pp 99-104) Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] Fehrsen, S Ogunbanjo, G., & Shaw, V (2000) Coping strategies of health personnel: Experiences from South Africa In P Ferrinho & W Van Lerberghe (Eds.), Providing Health Care Under Adverse Conditions: Health Personal Performance and Individual Coping Strategies (pp 223-230) Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] Ferrinho, P., Omar, M.C., de Jesus Fernandes, M., Blaise, P., Bugalho, A.M., & Van Lerberghe, W (2004) Pilfering for survival: How health workers use access to drugs as a coping strategy Human Resources for Health 2004, [Full Text] Ferrinho, P., & Van Lerberghe, W., Eds (2000) Providing health care under adverse conditions: Health personal performance and individual coping strategies Studies in Health Services Organization and Policy, 16 Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] Israr, S.M., Razum, O., Ndiforchu, V., & Martiny, P (2000) Coping strategies of health personnel during economic crisis: A case study from Cameroon Tropical Medicine and International Health, 5, (4), 288-292 [Full Text] Luck, M., de Jesus Fernandes, M., & Ferrinho, P (2000) At the other end of the brain-drain: African nurses living in Lisbon In P Ferrinho & W Van Lerberghe (Eds.), Providing Health Care Under Adverse Conditions: Health Personal Performance and Individual Coping Strategies (pp 157169) Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] Macq, J & Van Lerberghe, W (2000) Managing health services in developing countries: Moonlighting to serve the public? In P Ferrinho & W Van Lerberghe (Eds.), Providing Health Care Under Adverse Conditions: Health Personal Performance and Individual Coping Strategies (pp 171180) Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] McPake, B., Asiimwe, D., Mwesigye, F., Ofumbi, M., Streefland, P., & Turinde, A (2000) Coping strategies of health workers in Uganda In P Ferrinho & W Van Lerberghe (Eds.), Providing Health Care Under Adverse Conditions: Health Personal Performance and Individual Coping Strategies (pp 131-150) Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] Noormohamed, A.R (2000 Coping with the consequences of reform: Challenges for policy makers in Mozambique In P Ferrinho & W Van Lerberghe (Eds.), Providing Health Care Under Adverse 11 Conditions: Health Personal Performance and Individual Coping Strategies (pp 183-189) Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] Pangu, K (2000) Health workers motivation in decentralized settings: Waiting for better times? In P Ferrinho & W Van Lerberghe (Eds.), Providing Health Care Under Adverse Conditions: Health Personal Performance and Individual Coping Strategies (pp 19-30) Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] Schwalbach, J., Abdula, M., Adam, Y., & Khan, Z (2000) Good Samaritan or exploiter of illness? Coping strategies of Mozambican health care providers In P Ferrinho & W Van Lerberghe (Eds.), Providing Health Care Under Adverse Conditions: Health Personal Performance and Individual Coping Strategies (pp 117-130) Antwerp: ITG Press [Full Text] PLANNING, TOOLS, AND EVALUTION OF HRH Dewdney, J (2001) WPRO/RTC health workforce planning workbook Australia: Center for Public Health, University of New South Wales [Full Text] Diallo, K., Zurn, P., Gupta, N., & Dal Poz, M (2003) Monitoring and evaluation of human resources for health: An international perspective Human Resources for Health, (3) [Full Text] Dussault, G (1999) Human resources development: The challenge of health sector reform Washington, D.C.: Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Human Development Department, World Bank [Full Text] Green, A (1992) Planning human resources: An introduction to health planning in developing countries Oxford University Press: Oxford Hall, T L (1998) Why plan human resources for health? Human Resources Development Journal, (2), 77-86 [Full Text] Kolehmainen-Aitken, R-L (1993) Human resources planning: Issues and Methods Boston: Data for Decision Making Project, Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health [Full Text] Martineau, T & Martinez, J (1997) Human resources in the health sector: Guidelines for appraisal and strategic development Health and Development Series, Working Paper No Brussels: European Commission Directorate General for Development [Full Text] World Health Organization (2001) Human resources for health: A toolkit for planning, training, and management Geneva: World Health Organization [Full Text] PUBLIC-PRIVATE MIX Brugha, R & Zwi, A (1998) Improving the quality of private sector delivery of public health services: Challenges and strategies Health Policy and Plannning¸13 (2), 107-120 [Full Text] Ferrinho, P., Van Lerberghe, W., Julien, M.R., Fresta, E., Gomes, A., Dias, F., Goncalves, & Backström, B (1998) How and why public sector doctors engage in private practice in Portuguese-speaking African countries Health Policy and Planning, 13 (3), 332-338 [Full Text] Goudge, J (1999) Chapter 6: The public-private mix In N Crisp (Ed.), South African Health Report 1999 (pp 69-82) South Africa: Health Systems Trust [Full Text] 12 Hanson, K & Berman, P (1997) Private health care provision in developing countries: A preliminary analysis of levels and composition Boston: Data for Decision Making Project, Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health [Full Text] Partnerships for Health Reform (2001) Working with private providers to improve the delivery of priority services PHR Primer for Policymakers, Partnerships for Health Reform Bethesda, MD: Abt Associates, Inc [Full Text] Pretorius, E (1999) Chapter 18: Traditional Healers In N Crisp (Ed.), South African Health Review 1999 (pp 249-256) South Africa: Health Systems Trust [Full Text] Tawfik, Y., Northrup, R., & Prysor-Jones, S (2002) Utilizing the potential of formal and informal private practitioners in child survival: Situation analysis and summary of promising interventions Washington, D.C.: SARA Project, USAID, Office of Sustainable Development [Full Text] STATISTICS WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS) WHO estimates of health personnel: Physicians, nurses, dentists, and pharmacists (around 1998) [Full Text] SUBSTITITION OF PERSONNEL Buchan, J & Dal Poz, M (2002) Skill mix in the health care workforce: Reviewing the evidence Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80 (7) Geneva: WHO [Full Text] Dovlo, D (2004) Using mid-level cadres as substitutes for internationally mobile health professionals in Africa A desk review Human resources for health 2004, (7) [Full Text] Johnson, B.A & Khanna, S.K (2004) Community health workers and home-based care programs for HIV clients Journal of the National Medical Association, 96 (4), 496-502 [Abstract] Lehmann, U., Friedman, I., & Sanders, D (2004) Review of the utilization and effectiveness of communitybased health workers in Africa Joint Learning Initiative on Human resources for health and development JLI Working Paper 4-1 [Full Text] WHO (2000) What resources are needed? 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