Transcription translation

RNA AND RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS How your cell makes very How your cell makes very important proteins important proteins • The production (synthesis) of proteins proteins. • 3 phases 3 phases: 1. 1. Transcription Transcription 2. 2. RNA processing RNA processing 3. 3. Translation Translation • DNA DNA → → RNA RNA → → Protein Protein DNA DNA → → RNA RNA → → Protein Protein Nuclear membrane Transcription Transcription RNA Processing RNA Processing Translation Translation DNA Pre-mRNA mRNA Ribosome Protein Eukaryotic Eukaryotic Cell Cell Before making proteins, Your Before making proteins, Your cell must first make RNA cell must first make RNA • Question: Question: • How does RNA RNA (ribonucleic acid) (ribonucleic acid) differ from DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)? RNA RNA differs from DNA DNA 1. RNA RNA has a sugar ribose sugar ribose DNA DNA has a sugar deoxyribose sugar deoxyribose 2. RNA RNA contains uracil (U) uracil (U) DNA DNA has thymine (T) thymine (T) 3. RNA RNA molecule is single-stranded single-stranded DNA DNA is double-stranded double-stranded [...]... mRNA A U G Small subunit C U A C U U C G 3 Translation - making proteins Nuclear membrane DNA Transcription Eukaryotic Cell Pre-mRNA RNA Processing mRNA Ribosome Translation Protein 3 Translation • Three parts: 1 initiation: start codon (AUG) initiation 2 elongation: elongation 3 termination: stop codon (UAG) termination • Let’s make a PROTEIN!!!! PROTEIN!!!! 3 Translation Large subunit P Site A Site... right protein according to mRNA instructions B Transfer RNA (tRNA) amino acid attachment site methionine U A C anticodon amino acid 2 RNA Processing Nuclear membrane DNA Transcription Eukaryotic Cell Pre-mRNA RNA Processing mRNA Ribosome Translation Protein 2 RNA Processing • Introns are pulled out and exons come together • End product is a mature RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus to the cytoplasm • . molecule is single-stranded single-stranded DNA DNA is double-stranded double-stranded