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RNA AND
RNA AND
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
How your cell makes very
How your cell makes very
important proteins
important proteins
•
The production (synthesis) of
proteins
proteins.
•
3 phases
3 phases:
1.
1.
Transcription
Transcription
2.
2.
RNA processing
RNA processing
3.
3.
Translation
Translation
•
DNA
DNA
→
→
RNA
RNA
→
→
Protein
Protein
DNA
DNA
→
→
RNA
RNA
→
→
Protein
Protein
Nuclear
membrane
Transcription
Transcription
RNA Processing
RNA Processing
Translation
Translation
DNA
Pre-mRNA
mRNA
Ribosome
Protein
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Cell
Cell
Before making proteins, Your
Before making proteins, Your
cell must first make RNA
cell must first make RNA
•
Question:
Question:
•
How does
RNA
RNA
(ribonucleic acid)
(ribonucleic acid) differ
from
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)?
RNA
RNA differs from
DNA
DNA
1.
RNA
RNA has a
sugar ribose
sugar ribose
DNA
DNA has a
sugar deoxyribose
sugar deoxyribose
2.
RNA
RNA contains
uracil (U)
uracil (U)
DNA
DNA has
thymine (T)
thymine (T)
3.
RNA
RNA molecule is
single-stranded
single-stranded
DNA
DNA is
double-stranded
double-stranded
[...]... mRNA A U G Small subunit C U A C U U C G 3 Translation - making proteins Nuclear membrane DNA Transcription Eukaryotic Cell Pre-mRNA RNA Processing mRNA Ribosome Translation Protein 3 Translation • Three parts: 1 initiation: start codon (AUG) initiation 2 elongation: elongation 3 termination: stop codon (UAG) termination • Let’s make a PROTEIN!!!! PROTEIN!!!! 3 Translation Large subunit P Site A Site... right protein according to mRNA instructions B Transfer RNA (tRNA) amino acid attachment site methionine U A C anticodon amino acid 2 RNA Processing Nuclear membrane DNA Transcription Eukaryotic Cell Pre-mRNA RNA Processing mRNA Ribosome Translation Protein 2 RNA Processing • Introns are pulled out and exons come together • End product is a mature RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus to the cytoplasm • . molecule is
single-stranded
single-stranded
DNA
DNA is
double-stranded
double-stranded