Oxford english practice grammar intermediate part 2

83 A/an and the (1) Introduction Read this true story about an American tourist in Britain A m an from Caliỷornia was spenảing a m onth in Britain One day he booked ỉnto a hoteỉ iĩĩ Cheỉtenharĩĩy a nice oỉd tow n in the West o f Engỉand Then he went out to ỉook around the place But the m an d id n t return to the hoteỉ He disappeareả, leaving a suitcase fuỉỉ of clothes behind The pice were cỉeả iriy but they were unabỉe to find out what had happened to the missing tourist ỉt was a mysterỵ But two weeks ỉater the m an waỉkeả into the poỉice statỉon in Cheltenham He expỉaineả that he was very sorrỵ, hut whiỉe walking arounả the tow n, he had got lost He had also [orgotten the nam e o f the hotel he had booked inĩo So he had deciảed to continue with his tour of the countrỵ and had gone to visit a ỷriend in Scoíỉand beỷore returning to pick up the case he haả left behind A/an goes onlỵ with a singuỉar noun W ith a plural or an uncountable noun we use some He left a case (singular) He ỉeỷt some cases (plurai) He left some ỉuggage (uncountabỉe) The goes vvith both singular and plural nouns and vvith uncountable nouns He needed the case (singular) He neeảeả the cases (plural) He needed the ìuggage (uncountable) Use w hen the story íưst mcntions somcthing, thc noun has a or an A m an booked inĩo a hotel in Cheỉtenham rhese phrases are new inform ation We not know vvhich man or which hotcl But vvhen the same thing is mcntionod again, the noun has the The m an d i ả n ĩ r e ĩu r n ÍO the hoteỉ These phrases are old iníorm ation Now we kiiơw which man and \vhich hotcl - the ones aiready mentioned earlier in the story We use the vvhen it is clear vvhich one vve mean a/ an THF Wouỉd you like to see a show? Wouỉd you ỉike to see the show? (I don*t say vvhich show.) (The office has lots o f phones.) (* the shovv vve alreađy mentioned) Whose is th e car outsiảe? (‘Outside’ explains vvhich car I mean.) / was in bed when the phone rang (= the phone in my house) Has M eỉanừ got a garden? She was at home in the garden (We not know if there is one.) (We knovv she has one.) The cyclist was hit by a car (I don’t say which car.) ĩn the office a phone was rirĩging The train stopped at a station Turn left hereỷor the station (We don’t know which station.) (= the slation in this town) We went in the car (= m y/our car) We tơok a taxi We couỉd hear a noừe Ị wrote the numher on an enveìope We could hear the noise o f a partỵ I wrote it orĩ the back o f an enveỉope A m an /h e and the m an/som eone We use a/an + noun o r someone/something when we aren*t saying vvhich one A man/Someone hooked into a hotei He ỉeft a caseỊsomething behind PAGE • N O U N S AND ARTICLES We use the + noun or he/she/it when we know which one The man!He d id n t reĩurn ĨO the hotel The case/It contained cỉothes Practice A The use of a/an and the (1-3) Complete thỉs true story Put in a/an or the (►) A man decided to rob (1) bank in the town where he lived He walked into (2) bank and handed (3) note to one of (4) cashiers (5) cashier read (6) note, which told her to give (7) man some money Atraid that he mìght have (8) gun, she did as she was toid ( ) .man then vvalked out of (1 ) building, leaving (11) note behind However, he had no tim e to spend (1 ) money because he was arrested (1 ) same day He had made (1 ) mistake He had vvritten (15) note on (16) back of (1 ) enveiope And on (1 ) other side of (19) envelope was his name and address This clue was quite enough for (20) detectives on the case B A man/he and the m an/som eone (3) Repỉace the sentences which contain an underlined word Use a/an or the with the word in brackets We didn’t have much tim e for lunch David made something for us (omeỉette) HAííe P M ele tte ĩ o r M S They ran the race beíore they held the tong jum p Matthew won ịt easily (race) The driver turned left Suddenly someone ran into the road (child) Vicky was lying on the sofa She was vvatching something on televislon (fịlm) I had to take a train and then a bus Ịt was half an hour late (bus) A shoplifter tried to steal some cíothes The camera videoed her (thief) The use of a/an and the (1-3) Complete the conversations Put In a/an or the ► Laura: Trevor: Mike: Harriet: Melanie: David: Sarah: Look outside The sky is getting very dark I hope there isn’t going to be A storm 1’m going out f o r .walk Have you seen my shoes? Yes, theyVe o n tloor i n kitchen Would you lik e tomato? There’s one in ữidge Oh, yes, please ril make m yse!f cheese and tomato sandwich !f youYe going in to City centre, can you post these letters for me? Mark: Yes, r il take them to main post office Rita: l’ve g o t problem with my phone bill Can I see someone about it? Receptionist: Yes, go to fifth floor Iift is along the corridor Tom: I didn*t know Melanie had dog David: It isn’t hers She's just taking it for a walk while ovvner is away Vicky: iV e g o t headache I’ve had it all day Rachei: Andrew: Jessica: Why don’t you go to health centre? It*s open until six Guess what I fo u n d .£50 note on the pavement this morning You really ought to take it t o p oiice station, you know NOUNS AND ARTỈCLES • 1\GE 197 84 A/an and the (2) Introduction We use a/an and the vvhen we aren’t saying vvhich one, and we use the when we knovv vvhich one A tourist arrived in Cheỉĩetiham to ỉook around the town Look again at the story and the examples in n it 83 The sun, etc \Vhen there is only one o f the things we are talking about, we use the The sun was going down The governm ent is unpopular Á drive in the countrỵ wouỉd be nìce We shouỉdnt poỉỉute the environm ent Norm aliy there is onlỵ one sun or one government in the conlext We mean the government o f our country and the sun in our solar system Wc norm aliy say: the country(side), the earth> the environm ent, the government, the moon» the ozone layer, the Prime Minister, the sea(side), the sky, the sun, the weather We also use the with cinema, theatre and (news)paper Do ỵou oỷten go to the cinema? I read aboxiĩ the accident in thepaper Note that we say a/the police officer but the police A p olice offỉcer came to the hotel NOT A poỉicc came to thứ hotel T he p oỉice cam e to the hotei (= One or more poiice officers) A nice day, etc A phrase vvhich describes something has a/an / í was a lovely day Cheỉtenham ÍS a nice oỉd tow n /f s a big hoteỉ This is a better photo But we use the vvith a superlative ỉt*s the biggest hoteỉ in town This is the best photo We aiso use aVan to classiíy something, to say what kind o f thing it is The pỉay was a comedy The mart's disappearance vvưs a mystery We use a/an to say what someone’s job is M y sister is a secretary Nick is a car salesman A or an? 'ĩhe choice o f a or an and the pronunciation o f the depend on the next sound a /^/ or the /Õ3/ + consonant sound a cup /k/ the /Ỗ3/ cup a poster /p/ the /Ò3/ poster a shop etc /J/ a boiled egg /b/ a record /r/ an an an an an an /an/ or the /ỏi/ + vowei sound aspirin /ae/ the /ỗi/ the lòxỉ egg /e/ Indừin /I/ etc oỉd photo /30/ umbrelỉa / a/ It is thc sound o f the ncxt word that matters, not thc spelling a one-waỵ Street a uniform a holiday a v~turn Ỉ’AGE 198 /w / /j/ /h / /j/ • NOUNS AND ARTICLES an open ảoor an uncle an hour an M P /au/ / a/ /ao/ /e/ Practice The sun, etc (1-2) Com plete these sentences about pollution and the envíronment Put in a/an or the programme on television about dangers to t k environment ► There was A There was also articie about pollution in paper ozone layer wiH continue to disappear if we don’t find way to stop it w orld’s vveather is changing Pollution is vin g effect on our climate Last week oil tanker spilled oilin to sea, damaging wildlife Some protessors have signed letter of protest and have sent it to government lf earth was human being, would be in hospital B The use of a/an and the (1-3) Com plete the ► David: Trevor: Henry: Nick: Sarah: Laura: conversations Put In a/an or the How was your trip to tl»e coast? Wonderful sun shone all day We had A great time Would ỵou like cigarette? bad habit No, thanks IVe given up smoking It’s W hat’s your brother doỉng now? Has he got good job? Yes, he’s soldier He’s ìn army He loves it It’s great life, he says Rita: I went to see Doctor Pascoe yesterday She’s b e s t d o c t o r 1’v e e v e r h a d Harriet; She’s very nice, isn't she? You couldn’t meet nicer person Rachei: You were long time at supermarket Vicky: Yes, Ì know There w a s enormous queue 1was thinking of complaining to manager Mark: Why were you late for your meeting? Sarah: taxi trom Well, first I had to go to hote! rd booked into ỉ took airport, and driver got completely lost It was terrible nuisance man was complete idiot Matthevv: Is this book you were telling me about? Emma: Yes, it’s reaỉly interestỉng story Matthew: What did you say it's about? I k n e w you weren’t lis te n in g t o me It’s S c ie n c e íic t io n s to ry Emma: lt’s a b o u t beginning of universe A or an? (4) Put in the abbreviations with a or an ► a Personal Assistant ► a National Broadcasting Company reporter a Disc Uockey a Very im portant Person an ỉrish Republican Army member a Personal Computer a Los Angeles suburb an Unidentiíied Plying Object an Annua! General Meeting a Member of Pariiament A PA N&c re p p r te r NOUNS AND ARTICLES • ’AGE 199 85 A/an, one and some A/an and some Look at this example Trevor hasfound some m oney ỉn his oỉd trousers Theres a note and sotne coins We use a/an w ith a singular noưn and some with a pỉural o r an uncountabỉe noun (see 4) A + singular noun: a note Some + plural noun: some coins Some + uncountablc noun: some money A/an and one A/an and one both refer to one thing ưsing one puts more emphasis on the number Henry gave the taxi drivera note, (not a coin) He?iry gave the taxi driverone note (not two) We use one (not a/an) when we mean one o f a larger number One question/O ne o f the questions in the exam was more ảifficuỉt than the others The ĩeam w asnt a t/u ỉỉ strength One pỉayer/One o f the players was ỉnịured, A dog = all dogs We ten use a plur noun on its own to express a gencral meaning (see n it 86) Dogs make wonảerfuỉ pets Oranges contain vìtamin c Here dogs means ‘all dogs, dogs in general’ These sentences vvith a/an express the same general meaning A dog makes a wonảerfuỉ pet A n orange contains vitamin c A butcher is someone who seỉỉs meat A kitten is a baby cat A dog here is less usual than the structure w ith dogs, but we oíten use a/an when explaining the meaning o f a word, e.g a butcher Some Some w ith a plural noun means ‘a number o f’, and some w ith an uncountable noun means ‘an aniount of* Cỉaire took som e photos, We went out with som eỊrienảs Henry bought som e fỉowers Ị had some chips with my steak Can you lend me some money? Andrew is ảoing some work Let's playsom e music Theres some m ilk in the ỷridge Cỉaire took some photos means that she took a number o f photos, although we may not knovv the exact number We not use some when we are describing something or saying what kind o f thing it is Vicky has bỉue eyes, Is this saỉt or sugar? These are marveỉlous photos Those peopỉe are tourists Compare these sentences / had some chips with mỵ steak (a number o f chips) ỉ haả chips with m y steak (chips, not potatoes or rice) o 76 Countable and uncountable nouns > 83-4 A/an and the t> 94 Some and any > 96 All> most and some P AG E 0 • N O U N S AND ARTICLES Practice A/an and som e (1) Paul has painted some pictures for a competỉtion Say what is in the pictures Use a or som e with these words: ỏ/rơs, cat, ftshj Aovvers, frư/f, iuggage, people íPMe pePỊỊỊẹ B A/an and one (2) Put in a /a n o r O ne ► Have you only got oAe bedroom ? I thought you had two Melanie wanted something to drink She was looking for caté It was Sunday .shop was open, but all the others were closed of these photos is of you VVould you like it? Shall I ta k e .photo of you tw o together? c A dog = all dogs (3) Match each word wlth the right explanation and write sentences wỉth a/an carrot violin queue atỉas spade lỉne of people book of maps vegetable tooi for dỉgging musical instrument ► A C í^ rrp t i> A vei^eiAble D Some (4) What vvould you say ín these situations? Use a noun and decide if you need some or not ► ► You and your íriend vvould like a game of cards, but neither of you has a pack We need ípMe c A rc ỉí You are describing Rachel to someone Rachers hair is dark You are eating nuts Offer them to your ừỉend You w ant a drink of mineral water There’s a jug on the table,but you don’t know w hat’s in it is th e re in this jug? You’ve com e home from a shopping trip w ith a few clothes Tell your íriend I’ve bought You are eating som e bread that Melanie baked It’s lovely Meỉanie this i s The tw o vvomen who live next door to you are both studyỉng at the university Tell your visitor The women next door a re Rachel has IxKịr VVould you lỉk e .? NOUNS AND ARTICLES • PAGIE 201 86 Cars or the cars? Introduction I like m usic classical music, I mean And I love parties, of course I like ice hockey lt’s my íavourite sport And I like old cars I love drívlng them We can use a plural noun (e.g cars, parties) or an uncountable noun (e.g ice hockey, music) vvithout the / ỉove parties means that I love alỉ parties, parties in general General and speciíìc meanings GENERAL SP£CIFIC A plural noun or an uncountable noun on its ow n has a general meaning The + plural noun or uncountable noun has a Cars are expensive tơ huy E ỉephants are inteỉỉigent animals ỉ o n t understand computers speciíĩc meaning The cars had both broken down We saw the eìephants at the zoo The com puters cTOshed at work today (= all computers, computers in general) (= the speciíìc computers at my vvorkplace) You aỉways need moneỵ Gỉass is madeỹrom sand Vm quite fonả o f curry Natasha is studying music Laura p u t the m oney in her purse David swept up the broken gỉass The curry was delicious, thank ỵou The m usic vvas too ỉoud (= the music at a speciíìc time, at a party fo r exampie) (= al! music, music in general) A phrase or clause aítcr the noun often shovvs that it is spcciíìc Look at the oiỉ on ỵo u r sweater T he apples you gave m e were nice But the nouns in these sentences have a general meaning / hate people who never say heỉỉo Life in the oìđ days was hard Life in the oỉd daỵs is stiỉl a general idea, not a speciíìc life A phrase w ith o f usually takes the Compare thcse two structures a book on ỉrish historỵ a book on the hỉstory o f Ireland Special uses o f the We use the + singuiar noun to make general statements about aninials and about inventions and discoveries The tỉger can swim The fỉy IS a cornmon insect Who invented the camera? The eỉectron is a part o f every atom Here the tiger means aiỉ tigers, tigers in general VVe use this structure m ainly in w ritten English In speech, Tigers can sw ỉm is more usuaỉ VVe aỉso usc the vvith musicaỉ instruments (But for American English see page 379.) Natasha can play the piano, the vioỉin and the cỉarinet We not use the w ith sports S h a ỉỉ w e p ỉ a y te n n is ? NOT S k ữ ìĩ w e p ia y th e t c n n i s? Note that we ỉisten to the radio but norm ally watch television P AG E 2 • N O U N S A N D ARTICLES Practice A He likes golf (1) Look at the pictures and say what people lỉke Use these obịects: a rt, chem istry, chips, dogSj g o iỊ B General and specitic meanings (2) Complete the conversatíons Put in the nouns and decỉde ịf you need the Tom: Melanie: Rachel: Vicky: Did you see th e fpọtbAỊỊ (footbail) on television last night? No, I hate fp o tt« vỉ) (íootball) I was vvatching tfìe Aewí (news) on the other channel Did your tamily have a dog when you were younger? No, thank goodness Tm aừaid o f (dogs) ỉ didn’t lik e (dogs) that were running around in the park yesterday I was atraid they were going to attack me Melanie: You shouldn't drive so m uch, Mark You know t h a t (cars) c a u s e (pollutlon), n ’t you? Mark: Yes, b u t (cars) these days are cleaner than they used to be isn*t i t (aeroplanes) that are mainỉy responsible f o r .(pollution) of the atmosphere? Melanie: ỉ’ve put some bread out in the garden fo r (birds) Tom: You ỉike .(birds), đon’t you? Melanỉe; YôS I I lo v ô (wildlỉfe), in fact rd m uch rather live ỉn the country if I could YouYe alvvays reading books a b o u t (history), aren’tt Laura: you? Harriet: It was aivvays my tavourite subject Do you know anything a b o u t (history) o f this area? Laura: No, but lf you like looking ro u n d (museums) and (old buildings), we could fỉnd out about it together Special uses of the (3) Put in the correct noun and decide tf you need the Use these nouns: atom , footí!>aỉl, g uita r, d lo , telescope, teievision ► I was listening to a phone-in on ihe r A d ịp Rutherford s p lit .in 1911 Tom and his friends played .in the park Mike ís quite musỉcal He can p la y The children spend a ỉot of time vvatching Galileo d e v e lo p e d for use in astronomy N O U N S AND ARTỈCLES • PA'JE ; 87 Prison, school, bed, etc Prison or the prison? Compare thesc siluations This man ÍS in príson He went to prison two ỵears ago We not use the when we are talking about being in prison as a prisoner The young woman is in the prừon She has gone to the prừon to vừit herfather We use the when we mean the prison as a speciíìc building The young woman is in the prison as a visitor Here are some examples w ith other buildings Schooỉ is over at haỉf past three The schooỉ is a mileỷrom here, (= school activities) (= the school buiiđing) Vicky is at coỉỉege The meeting was at the coỉỉege (She is a student there.) David is in hospitaì Melanie waited in the hospitaỉ for news (He is a patient.) Melanie going to church (She is g o in g t o a S e rv ic e ) We wanted to ỉook round the church, but it wa$ ìockeả We can also use ja il and university in this way But vve not ỉeavc out the beíore other nouns for buildings, e.g the cinema, the íactory, the house, the library, the office, the pub, the shop, the station Bed, hom e, etc Here are some phrases w ith other nouns bed: home: sea: town: work: in bed, go to bed (to rest or sleep) a t home, go homey come home, ỉeave home a t seâ (= sailing) go to sea (as a sailor) in town, go into tơyvrty ỉeave ĩown at work, go to work, leave work > page 379 American English PAG E • N O U N S AND ARTICLES Đưt sit on the bed, make the bed But in the house, to the house, in the home But on the sea, hy the seo, atỉto the seasidey on/to the coast But the towrt centre, the àty, the viỉlage But the office, the /actorỵ Practice A Prison or the prison? (1) Put in the w ords in brackets Decide if you need the ► The four members of the gang were sent to (prison) Their vvives drove together to tlìe (prison) every week to visit their husbands Not many people go to (church) regularíy novvadays í saw some tourists vvalking to (church) last week, but they only wanted to take photos of it A group of people came out of (cinema), crossed the road and went into (pub) When my tather was ilỉ and had to go to (hospita!), my sister went with him in the ambulance She's a doctor, and she works at (hospital) Mark has always known what he vvanted to ỉn |ịfe After leaving (school), he took a course ỉn business studies at (college) B Prison, school, etc (1-2) C om plete this paragraph from a magazine article about M elissa Livingstone Put in the vvords with or vvithout the Today Melissa Livlngstone is a popular actress and star of the TV soap opera ‘Round the Corner’ But as a child she was very unhappy She didn’t well at (►) (school), and she never went to (1) (college) Her greatest pleasure was going to (2) (cinema) Her tamily lived in an unattractive town and their home was next to (3) (station) Melissa’s tather, Tom, was a sailor, and he spent months at (4) (sea) He was hardỉy ever at (5) (home) and when he was, he didn’t very much Sometimes he spent all day in (6) (bed) Melissa’s mother, Susan, had to get up at five o ’c!ock every day to go to (7) (work) When Tom lost his job he stole a gold cup from ( ) (church ) Susan used to go to He had to go to (9) (prison) for a year M elissấs mother was horritied at the shame he had brought on the tamily c Prison, schooí, etc (1-2) Complete the sentences Use /n, a t or to and these vvords: bed, church, college, íactory, home, hospitaỉ, library, príson, shọp, tow n, work Decide ìf you need the ► We’ll eat out tonight ril meet you ► This svveater was cheap I bought it A t tỉìe by the railvvay station tpu/í^ later The weather was awful We s ta y e d all weekend Melanie had an early night !ast night She w a s at ten to visit her Emma’s triend has just had a baby Emma is going Vicky’s parents are religious They go every Sunday to earn some money Laura doesn’t !lke her job She just goes Tve read these books I’m takỉng them back The man who did the robbery is no longer .He was let out last month Jessica is a student She’s lt’s very quiet when they’ve turned all the machines off N O U N S AND A R T I C L E S • PAGF 88 I don’t know why Nancy didn’t go to the meeting She said she detinitely going a) be b) is c) was d) would 89 The librarian asked us so much noise a) don’t make b) not make c) not making d) not to make Relative clauses 90 W hat’s the name of the man a) he b) what c) vvhich d) who gave us a lift? 91 VVhat was that n o tic e ? a) at that you were looking b) you were looking at c) you were iooking at it d) vvhich /ou were looking 92 Susan is the w o m a n husband is in hospital a) her b) hers the c) wh0SG d) whose the 93 Y o rk , iast year, is a nice old City a) I visited b) that I visited c) which I vỉsited d) whom I visited 94 The accỉdent was seen by some people a) waited b) waiting c) were vvaiting d) who vvaiting at a bus stop Conditionals and wlsh 95 l f my passport, ril be in írouble a) lose b) ril lose c) I lost d) ỉ would lose 96 I haven*t got a ticket If a) Td have b) ỉ had c) I have d) ỉ’ve got one, I could get in 97 lf the bus to the airport hadn’t been so late, w e the plane a) caught b) had caught c) vvould catch d) vvould have caught 98 lf only p e o p le keep sending me bills! a) don’t b) shouldn’t c) weren’t d) wouldn’t Linking vvords 99 I just had to take the dog o u t of the awful weather a) although b) despite c) even though d) in spite 100 Anna put the electric íire o n a) for getting b) in order get c) so she gets d) to get warm EXIT T E S T • PAGE Keỵ to the exit test The nuniber aíter the ansvver tells you which u n it o f the book has in ío rm a tio n and practice on that gram m ar point 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 c) c) 4,6 d) 5, a) a) d) c) 9, 10 d) 1 b) 12,13 d) 14 b) 15 d) 16 d) 17 a) 18, 19 a) b) 23 b) 24, 25 d) 26 c) 27 b) 28 d) 31 b) 33 a) 34, 36 c) 37 c) 38 b) 40 d) 41 d) 42 c) 43 d) 44 b) 46 c) 47 a) 48 b) 51.52 c) 49, 53 b) 54 b) 55, 56 b) 57 b) 58 d) 60, 62 b) 61,62 c) 64 c) 65 d) 6 b) b) 70 b) 72 b) 73 d) 74 c) 76, 77 51 52 53 54 55 36 S7 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 a) 78 c) 80 d) 81 d) 83, 84 a) b) 87 c) 89 c) 90 c) 91 d) 92 b) 94 d) 95 d) 96 d) 99 a) 0 , 1 6 b) 67 c) 103 a) 105 69 b) 106 70 a) 108 71 d) 109 72 b) 1 , 1 73 d) 1 74 b) 113 75 c) 114 76 d) 115 77 c) 118 78 d) 119 79 c) 80 c) 81 a) 123 82 c) 124,125 83 d) 126> 127 84 cỉ) 128-130 85 d) 131 c) 132 87 a) 133 8 c) 134 89 d) 136 90 d) 137 91 b) 139 92 c) 140 93 c) 141 142 94 b) 143 95 a) 144, 147 96 b) 145, 147 97 d) 146, 147 98 d) 149 99 d) 150 0 d) 151 K E Y TO T H E E X I T T E S T • P A G E 431 Index The numbers in this inciex are un it and section numbers unless they have the letter ‘p’ for ‘page a 83-5,TestOp214 to express generaỉ meaning 85.3 and one 85.2 a potato or potato? 78 q u ite a a b it 115 + comparative 1 afew 95 a little 95 + comparative 1 a lo t 95.1 + comparative Ì a lo to f 95 agreement 79.3 a number o f 79.3 ability: can, couỉd, be able to 44 able to 44 about aíter a verb Ỉ26.3, 127.3 about to 26.3 above 118.1 across 118.1 action verbs active and passive 55-6 adding relative clauses ì 41-2 adjectives 104-9, 'ĩest R p258 + one/ones + preposition 125 + preposition + -ing torm 70.4 + to-iníìnitive 67 adjective or adverb? 108-9, p380 comparative and superlative 110-12, p371 ending in -ing/-ed 107 after èveryonẽ etc 103.4 the oiả, the rich 106 sufĩìxes p369 word order 104.2,105 adverbials adverbs 113-17, Test R p258, Test Tp282 + adverb 115,2 adverb or adjective? 108-9> p380 comparative and superlative 110.4 o f degree 115 offrequency 113.6 -ly ending 108-9, p369, p370 o f manner 108,113.4 in phrasaỉ verbs 128-31 o f place 113.5 relative adverbs 142.3 sentcnce adverbs 113.7 o f time 113.5 w ordorder 113,115.2 advice 77.2 advise with a to-infìnitive or -ing form 65.5 afraid + so 43.2 + to - in fì n it iv e o r - in g fo r m 71.1 after + -ing form 73.3 iinkingvvord 27.2,152.1 agent vvith by 55, 56.1 ago 121.3 agreement 79,TestN pl94 all 96 vvith a plurai verb 79.2 alỉthesame 153.2 aỉlow with a to-infinitive or -ing form 65.5 aỉlowed to 45 aỉready ỈỈ4 in American English p377 w ith the present perfect also 113.7,153.2 although 150,152.3 + -ing form 73.3 aJways with the Present Continuous and Simple 6.4 American English pp377-81 among 118.1 amount + singular verb 79.5 an 84.4 see aỉso a and fasĩer andỷaster 112.3 go and buy p381 aníiwering questions 34.1, 35> 41.4 anxious + to-ìnfinitive or -ing form 71.2 any 94 + comparative 1 anylongẽr 114.4 anym ore 114.4 aný o f 79.4 anyone, anyứùng, etc 94.2,103 apostrophes (’ ) p373 in a possessive form 93 in a short íorm 32.1 appear + to iníìnitivc 60.2 in American English ?377 around 118.1 articles 83-90 see aỉso a and the as in comparisons 111.4 and like 122.3 linking word 27.2,152.1 w ith the past continutus asaresult 153.2 a s if 122.3 as soon as 27.2, 152.1 asthough 122.3 aswelỉ 113.7,153.2 ashamed + to-infìnitive tr -ing form 71.2 asking for advice 49.2, 52.4 at at ihe end 123.2 good aĩ 125.3 piace 118.2,119 time awayfrom 118.1 bad, badỉy 109.4 bad at 125.3 be + to-inftnitive 59.2 Past vSimpIe 8.2 Present Períect 11.3 simple and continuous 7.2 be able to 44 be about to 26.3 beallowedto 45 be going to 24 past tense 29.2 andwiU 25 be supposed to 49.4, 57.3 be to 26.3 beusedto 72.2 because 152.5 bedandthebed 87.2 bcen to and gone to 13.1 beíore + -ing form 73.3 linking word 27,152.] with the Past Perfect 121.4 begỉiì + to-infìnitive or -ing form 63.3 IN D E X • P A G E 3 behind 118.1 beingdone 59 beiieveso 43.2 below 118.1 besides 153.2 best no.5 better 110.5 hadbetter 49.3,69.2 between 118.1 ỈÌTik hetween 124 bit o f 77.2 see aỉso a bit both 97.3 bother + tO'infinitive or -ing form 63.3 brackcts ( ) around a reỉative clause 141.2 British and Amcrican English pp377-81 but 150.1, 152.3 by -h agent 55, 56.1 -t- -ing form 73.2 place 118.1 time 2 transport 123.3 can ability 44 asking for a suggestion 51.1 offers 51.2 permission 45 requests 50 cannot 44.1 can*t abiỉity 44.1 in American English p379 ccrtainty 46.3 in questions 41.3 reíusing permission 45.2 can’t have done 53.4 can’t help + -ing forni 61.3 can’t vvait + to-infinitive 62.3 Capital lettcrs p373 carryon + -ing form 61.4 cattle 81.3 certain + to-iníìnitive 67.4 certainly 113.7 ccrtainty: must, can’t 46.3 changes in reportcd spcech 133—4 church and the church 87 i dothes> etc 80 l collective nouns see group nouns colons (:) p372 co m rn as (,) p 372 around a relative clause 141.2 comparativc 110-12, Test s p268 spelling p371 comparison of adverbs i 10.4 complement ) compound nouns 82 condilionals 144-8, Test Y p358 conjunctions see linking vvords consequenliy 153.2 PAGK 4 ♦ I N D E X consonant doubling p371 continue + to-inrinitivc or -ing form 63.3 contractcd íorms short tbrms could ability 44.3 permission 45 possibility 46 rcqucsts 50 suggestions 51-1 could have done 53 couldn^t ability 44.3 im possibility 46.2 countable and uncountable nouns 76-8 ’d (short form) 32.3 dashes(-) p372 around a relative cỉause Ì41.2 dates p379 decisions 25.2, 52.3 deep 109.2 dìnite article see the demonstratives (this etc.) 91 despite 150.3 determiners 91-7, '1'est p p230 did emphatic 33 in the Past Simple 8.3, 34.2, 36.2.43.1 didn’t 8.3, 40.2 dỉdn't need to 48.2, 48.3 different + preposition p38() đirect and indircct obiects direct speech Ỉ32.1,p373 ưi' I slĩoulci (do} p378 emphatic 33, p378 w ith imperative 3.V3, p3'/8 in the Prcscnt Simple 5, 34.2, 36.2.43.1 does emphatic 33 in the Presenl Simpic 5, 34.2, 36.2, 43.1 doesn’t 5, 40.2 don’t vvith an imperative 50.2 in the Present Simple 5, 40.2 vvith a question tag 42.3 don’t have to 48.2 don't need to 48.2 in American English p379 doubling o f consonants p371 dove p381 down in a phrasal verb 130.2 during 2 ì each 97.1 + one w ith a singular verb 79.2 eachother 1 early 109.2 -cá adjective 107 -ed ending 8.2, 1!, p381 pronunciation p375 spelỉing p370 either 97.3 either o f + singular/plural verb 79.4 elder, eldest 110.5 else 103.4 cmphalic form 33 emphatic pronouns 1 empty subjecls 56.2 encourage with a to-infinÌtive or -ing form 65.5 end position 113.8 endings o f vvords pp368-9, pp370-l spelling pp370-l enough 117 w ith fo r and a to-infini!ive 68.3 -er,-est ending 1 spelling p371 eventhough 150.2 ever wiứi the Prcsent Períect or Past Símple 13.2, 15.2, p377 every 97.1 + one w ith a singular verb 79.2 everyone, everything, etc 103 exclamation marks (!) p372 exclamations with what 89.4 expect so 43.2 fail + to-infinitive 60.3 íancy +■ -ing form 62.3 far -t- comparative 1 íarther, íarthest 110.5 fast 109 fcel in American English p377 few 95 Hrst condilional I44> 145.3, 147 for h u y it/o ry o u 3.2 expressing purpose 68.2, 73.2, 151.5 good foT ỵou 125.3 a need for 124.4 w ith the Present Períect 12.2, 14.3, 121.2 vvith the Present Perícct Continuous 16.4 and since w ith a lo -in fin itive aíter too or enough 117.3 íorget f to-iníĩnitive o r-in g tbrm 64.1 free, ừeeiy 109.3 ừiendly 109.1 íront position 113.1 fuli stops (.) p372 íurther, hirthest 110.5 íu rth e rm o re 153.2 íuture 22-30, Test F p6 , Test G p76 Puture Continuous 28 Futurc Passive 54.3 Puturc Perfect 29.1 gerund see -ing form get get dressed etc 54.4 get something done 58.3 passive auxiliary 54.4 getusedto 72.2 give + pronoun 3.3 go (and) p381 go on + to-infinitive or -ing form 64.6 going to (íuture) see be going to gone to and been to 13.1 good + preposition 125.3 goodandw ell 109.4 got 31 gotten p378 group nouns 81.2, p379 guessso 43.2 had 31 had been doing had better 49.3, 69.2 had đone 18 hadgot 31.2 hadto 47 h alf 96.2 happen + to-infìnitive 62.4 hard 109.2, 109.3 hardlỵ 109.3 has 31 hasbeendoing 16 has done 1 hate 63.1 have 31 action verb 31.3 have something done 58 m eaning‘experience’ 58 Prcsciit Pt*rfect 11.3 have and have got 31 in American English p378 have been doing 16 have done 1 have got 31 have got to 47.3 have something done 58 haveỉo 47,48.2 havmgdone 75 he 98 help + iníìnitive 69.3 her 92 98 hers 92 herselí 100, lOi high 109.2, 109.3 highly 109.3 him 98 hìmselí 0 , 1 his 92 home and the home 87.2 hopenot 43.2 hope so 43.2 hospital and the hospital 87.1 how 36, 38.2 how about + -ing íorm 73.2 how ỉong 16.4 -t-Present Períect 12.2 how many/much 37.2 hovvever 150.1, 153.2 hyphens (-) p373 I (pronoun) 98 identiíying reiative clauses 141-2 idioms phrasal verbs 128-31 preposition + noun 123 prepositional verbs 126 w ith reílexive pronouns 100.4 i f 144-9, Ỉ52.2 w ith any 94.1 or when? 148.2 in reported questions 135.2 if not 148.3 i f only 149 impcrative 50.2, p378 vvith 33.3 invitations 51.3 offers 51.2 question tags 42.3 in in the end, in the way 123.2 increase in 124.3 place 118.2, 119 aíter a superlative 11 ỉ tim e transport 123.3 in addition 153.2 incasc 148.4 152.2 in American Hnglish p381 in o rd e rto 151.3,152.6 in spite o f 130, 152.3 indefiỉũte articlc' see a; an indirecl objects passivc structurc 57.1 indirect speech 132-6 iníìnitivc 60-9 vvilh and w ith o u t to 69 see it happen 74 see aỉso to-infinitive iníorm ation 77.2 -ing adjective 107 -ing form 61-5, 70-5, Test L pl54»Test M pl78 + noun 82.4 after an ad}ective + preposition 70.4 to give a reason 75.3 aíter a ỉinking word 73.3 passive 59 períect 75 aíter a prcposition 70-1,73 in rclative clauses 143.1 see ĩt happening 74 spclling p370 or to-infìnitivc 62-5,71-2 ter a verb 61-4 aftcr a verb + objecl 65 after a verb + preposition 70-1 olher structures 75 intend + to-iníìnitive or -ing form 63.3 intcntions 25.2 interested to-infinitive or -ing form 71.2 and interesting 107 into 118.2 intonation pp374—5 in question tags 42.1 invcrted commas (” ) 421 invitations 51.3 irregular comparative and supcrlative íorms 10.5 irregular verhs pp382-3 in American Hnglish p381 is done see passive it 98 99.2 + be + adjective to-infinitive 67.2 + be + relative dause 140.3 it is saici th a t 57.2 and one 102.3 and there 99.3 item o f 77.2 its 92 it ’s 92.2 itseir 0 , 1 just vvith the Present Períect 12.1, p377 keep (on) ing íbrm 61.4 key to phonetic symbols Ọầ74 last with the Past Simplc 14.3 late 109.2,109.3 lately 109.3 w ith the Prescnt Períect Continuous 16.4 least 1 , 1 less 1 , 1 ỉess and ỉess 112.3 let with an iníìnitive 69.2 iet*s 51.1 w ith a question tag 42.3 like + to-iníìnitive or -ing form 63.1 and as 122.3 wouỉd ỉike to 50.1 iikeỉy + to-infinitive 67.4 Unking vcrb adjective U8.3 linking vvords 150-3 + 'in g form 73.3 iinks across senlences 153 INDEX • H G E ỉíttle 95 sce also a little ‘il (short Torm) 23 iong 109,2 look in American English p377 lots of 95 see aỉso a lot o f love - lo iiiíĩnitivc or -iiìg íorm 63.1 Ìow 109.2 -lyending 108-9, p369, p370 make with an inlĩnitive 69.2 manage t to-intìnitive 60.3 many 95 massnouns Sfe uncountable nouns may pcrmission 45 possibility 46 may have done 53 me 98 than me ỉ 11.5 m ea n + tO 'in fĩn itiv e o r -in g fo rm 64.5 means, etc 80.3 mid position 113.2 might 46 might have done 53 mmd 50.1 + -in g fo rm 61.2 mine 92 modal verbs 44-53, Test J pI28 in conditionals 144-7 passive 54.3 w itlì thc perfect 53 in reportcd spcech 134.3 more 1 morc and more 112.3 most 96, 110 much 93, 115.4 comparative 1 musiial instruments with the 86.3, p37'9 must certainty 46.3 Iietessity 47 must have done 53.4 mustn*t 48.1, p379 my 92 myselí 0 , 1 nanies o f placcs and the 90 near 109.2, 109.3 nearly 109.3 necessity: must, have to, needn’t 47- need f to-intìnitive or -ing íorm 64.7 need for 124.4 neeđn’t 48 p379 needn’t have donc 48.3 needsdoing 59.2,64.7 negalive prìxcs p369 negative questions 41 P A G ti 436 • INDEX \Vhỵ dont wc ? S.I negative statements 40, Test I pl06 neither 97.3 + o f 79.4 neither lio Ị 43.1 never wiih the prcsent Períect and Past Simple 13.2, 15.2, p377 nevertheiess 153.2 news 77.2,80.2 nextto 118 no + noun 40.3, 96.4 after a negative question 41.4 no btg^er 1 and not 40.3 aíter a question tag 42.2 in short ansvvers 35 no longer 114.4 no one, nothing etc 103 none 79.4, 96.4 non-identitying relative clauses 141-2 nor 43.1 not 40 ỉ hope not 43.2 nouns 76-82, Tesl N pl94 + noun 82 -I-preposition 124 + to-iníìnitivc 60.4 countable and uncountable 76-8 group nouns 81.2, p379 pair nouns 81.1 íbr people p368 plural p370 possessivc form 93 singular or pỉural? 80 sutíìxcs p368 -n*t 32.2,40 num ber 79.3 numbcrs (in American ỉ-nglish) p379 objeci direct and indirect oí'a reỉativc clausc 138 object pronouns 9H of carton of niĩỉk 77 cup o ftt’tì and teưcup 82.3 dream of 126.3 cach of, both o f 97 aỊrienả oỷ mine 92.5 the history o f Irelíìná increase of 124.3 niơst of] some of 96 the nunie o f the boy 93 v\'íỉrri me o f 127.3 -t ohject + to-infìnitive 68.4 aftcr a superỉative l i 1.3 o ff in phrasal verbs 130.2 otĩers 51.2,52.4 in conditionals 144.2,145.3 reportcd ì 36.2 on in phrasaỉ verbs 130 place 118.2,119 tim e transport 123.3 on the way 123.2 on the other hand 150.5> 153.2 o n to p o í ỉ 18.1 one and a/an 85.2 meaning people in gcneral 56.2, 98.3, p379 one o f + singuỉar verb 79.3 and ones oneanother 1 ones onto 118.2 opposite ỉ 18 order of adịeclives 104.2, 105 order of vvords see word order ought to 49.2 ought to have done 53.5 our, ours 92 ourselves 0 , 1 out in Am erican English p380 in phrasal verbs 130,2 out o f 18.ỉ outside 118.1 over in phrasal verbs 130.2 ow n {m y own) 92.4 pair nouns 81.1 p a iro í 81.1 participles in reiative clauses 143.1 withsee, hear 74 used as adịectives 107 other structures 75 see also past/passive participle parts o f speech passive 54-9>'i'cst K pl42 to-inftnitive and -ing íornri 59 vcrb íorms 54 past 118.1 past and pcrícct tenscs 8-21, Test D p48 Past Continuous 9, Test B p24 and Past Períect Continuous 204 and Past Simple 10, 19.3, 21.5 Past Períect ỉ in conditionais 146 and Past Períect Continuous 20.3, 21.7 and Past Simple 19.4,21.6 and Prescnt Períect 18.3 in reportcd speech 134.2 aítcrw ish 149.4 Past Perfect Continuous 20 and Past Períect 21.7 Past Simplc 8, Test B p24 in American Engiish 425 in concỉitionals 145 irregular pp382-3 and Past Continuous 10, Í9.3, 21.5 and Past Períect 19.4,21.6 and Present Perícct 14-15, l.3,T e stC p3 after wish 149 past tense in reported speech 134 past/passive participlc irregular pp382-3 in the passive 54 in the períect ì see also participles peopỉe 81.3 empty subject 56.2 períect aíter modal verbs 53 perfect and past tenses 8-21, Test D p48 períect -ing form 75 permission: can, may, etc 45 personal pronouns 98 phonetic symbols p374 phrasal verbs 128-31, Test V p316 phrases of time 12ơ-l,p380 w ith a possessive form (ỉast week's news) 93.3 vvithout a/an or the 8 piece o f 77.2 place names and the 90 plurai nouns and the piural-only 80.1 speliing p370 police 81.3,84.2 position of adverbs 113, 11 5.2 posscssive forms myetc 92 o f noun 93 o f someone etc 103.3, 103.4 ú m e {ỉast week's news) 93.3 possibility: may, mightỉ could 46 predictions 25.3, 52.1 prer + to-infinitive or -ing form 63.1 prìxes p369 prepositional verbs 126-7, Test V p316 prepositions 118-27, Test p302 + -ing form 70-1, 73 + noun w ithout the 88, 123 + object pronoun 98.2 + reílexive pronoun 100.3 in American English p380 after an adjective 125 after a noun 124 oíplacc 118-19 in relative clauses 139 o f time 120-1 after a verb 126 aíter a verb + adverb 131 after a verb + object 127 in wh-questions 38 Present Continuous for the íuture 26 for the íuture aíter a ỉinking vvord 27.4 and Present Simple 6, 21.2, Test A p l Present Perfect 11-13 in American Engỉish p377 for the future after a ỉinking word 27.3 and Past Períect 18.3 and Past Simpỉe 14—15>21.3, Test c p36 quite 115 + a 89.2 and rather 116 quotation marks (*’) p373 rather 89.2, 115 + comparative 1 and quite 116 would rather 69.2 reaUy 115.3 reason 75.3, 152.4 recently 16.4 recommend vvith a lo-infinitive or -ingíorm 65.5 reílexive pronouns 100 refusals 52.3 re g re t + to -in fìn itiv e o r -in g ío rm and Present Períect Continuous 17,21.4 Present Períect Continuous 16 and Past Perfect Continuous 20.4 and Prescnt Períect Simple 17, 21.4 Present Simpỉe 5, p370 in conditionals 144,148 for the futưre 26 for the future after a linking word 27 and Present Continuous 6, 2ỉ.2,Test A p l6 present tenses for the íủture 26 prison and the prỉson 87.1 probabỉy 113.7 pronouns 98-103, Test Q p244 emphatic 101 aíter give 3.3 pcrsonaJ 98 vvith phrasal verbs 128.3 refiexivc 100 relalive 137-42 after than 111,5 pronuncialion pp374-6 propose + to-infinìtive or ing form 63.3 prove + to-infìnitive 62.4 punctuation pp372-3 purposc ! 73.2, 151 152.6 64.2 relative adverbs 142.3 reỉative ciauses 137-43, 'lest X p344 identiíying and adding 141-2 participlc dauses 1437l with a preposition 139 pronoun as object 138 aíter a superlative 111.3 to-infìnitive clauses 143.2 w ithout a pronoun ỉ 38.2, 139.2, 142.2 remember + to-infìnitive or -ing form 64.1 remind about/of 127.3 reported speech 132—6, TestVV p328 órders and requests 136.1 questions 135 suggestions 136.2 rcquests 50 vvith a question tag 42.3 reported 136.1 Revievv units conditionals 147 íuture 30 Iinkingwords 152 Pasl Simple, Continuous and Pcríect 19 prescnt and past tenses 21 right 109.2 quantiíìers 94-7 qucstion marks (?) p372 question phrases 36.3 question tags 42 in American English p378 qucstion words 36-9 + to-infìnitive 66 w ith a short forin 32.2 questions Test H p96, Test I pl06 negative 41 reported 135 subject/object 37 wh-questions 36,38,41.5 yes/no questions 34,41.3 possessive form 93 short form 32.3 -s ending plural p370 in the Present Simple 2, p370 pronunciation p375 same as 111.4 say he is said to 57.3 it is said th a t 57.2 andteU 132.3 school and the schooỉ 87.] INDEX ♦ P \G £437 sea and the sea 87.2 Secontl Condiiional 145, 146.4, i47 see it happen/happening 74 seem + to-infìnitive 60.2 in American Rnglish p377 semi-colons (;) p372 sentence adverbs 113.7 sentence structure shall 52.4 in American Hnglish p377 future 23.4 inslcađ o f vvill 52.1 offcrs 51.2,52.4 suggestions 51.1,52.4 she 98 short ansvvers 35 shorl íorms 23, 32 shouỉd 49.2, 5Ị.U 52.4, p381 instead o f would 52.1 shouỉd have done 53.5 simple past see Past Simple simple present see Present Simple since and for + -ing form 73.3 ỉinking word 152.1 vvilh the Prescnt Pcrícct 12.2, 14.3, 121.2 vvith the Present Perfect Coniinuous 16.4 singular or plural noun? 80 singular or plural verb? 79 slightly-t comparative 1 so + adjective 89.3 in comparisons 111.4 / think so 43.2 linking word 152.5 so Ị 43.1 soasto ỉ 51.3 so thai 151.4,152.6 some 85, 96 and any 94 someone 56.2,94.2,103 someplace p380 something 94.2, t03 with a plural verb 79.2 somevv^here 94.2, 103,p380 sorry to-infinitive or -ing form 71.3 sound in American English p377 spelling of endings pp370-l start + lo-infinitive or -ing form 63.3 stale vcrbs still advcrb 114 linkingvvord 153.2 stop + to-infinitive or -ing form 64.4 PAGE 438 • INDEX strâight 109.2 stress p374 w ith quite 116.2 structure of scnlences subject in the pas.sive 55-7 subject pronouns 98 subject/abject questions 37 subject verb agreement 79 subjunctive p381 such a 89.3 suffìxes pp368-9 suggest (that) 65.5 suggeslions 41.5,51.1,52.4,73.2 in conditionals 144.2, Ỉ45.3 vvith question tags 42.3 reported 136.2 superỉative 110-12, Test s p268 + one/ones + to-inflnitive 143.2 suppose so 43.2 supposeđ to 49.4, 57.3 sure + to-infĩnítive 67.4 sure and unsurc (about the íuture) 22.4 -t (past icnsc cnding) p381 tag qu e slio n s s e e qư e stio n tags teU and say 132.3 tend + to-infinitive 60.3 tensc changes in reported speech 134 tenscs of the verb 4-30> Test E p54 passivc 54 Tests A/an and the Test o p214 Adjectives and adverbs Test R p258 Advcrbs and vvord order Test 'ỉ' p282 (lomparative and superlative Test s p268 Conditionals and wish Test Y p358 Puture Test F p , Test G p76 Iníìnitivc and -ing form Test M pl78 Modal verbs Test I pl28 Nouns and agreement Test N pi94 Passive Test K pl42 Past and períect tenses Test D p48 Past Simple and Past Continuous Test B p24 Prepositions Test u p302 Present and past tenses Test E p54 Prescnt Períect and Past Simple Test c p36 Prcscnt tenses Test A p l Pronouns Test Q p244 Questions Test H p96 Questions, negatives and ansvvers Tcsl p l0 Relatíve clauses Test X p344 Reported speech Test w p328 This, my, some, a lot of, all, etc Test p p230 Verb + to-infinitive or -ing form T e s tL p l5 Verbs wíth prepositions and adverbs iest V p3I6 Exit test p384 ■ than 1 that 91 + one relative pronoun 137-9 the ^ , 86-7,TestOp214 + one + superlative 111.3 cars õr the carsĩ the/aster the better 112.4 w ith musical instrumcnts 86.3, p379 the oỉd, the rich 106 in place names 90 sdĩooỉ or the schooP 87, p379 their,theirs 92 w ith everyone, someone 103.3 ưiem 98 themselves 0 >1 and each other 1 there there + be 99.1 there is and it is 99.3 w ith a to -in fìn itivie 59.2 thereíore 153.2 these 91 + ones they 98 meaning people in general 56.2, 98.3 th in k so 43.2 Third Conditional 146, 147 this 91 -I- one 102.2 this week etc w ith the Present Perfect and Past Simple 13.4, 15.3 those 91 + ones though 150.2 through 118.1 time p380 tiU see u ntiỉ time: firsl time etc with the Prcsent Períect 13.3 time phrases 120-1, p380 vvith a possessivc form [last week's news) 93.3 vvithout a/an or the 88 time vvords, e.g when, as 113.5, 121.122, 152.1 to 118.2 give it to you 3.2 good to me 125.3 \vrite to 126.3,127.3 see abo to -in fĩn itiv e tobe n e 59 today vvith the Present Períect and Past Simple 13.4,15.3 to-infinitive 60-9, Test L pl54, 'iest M pl78 aíter an adjective 67 expressing pưrpose 151.2,152.6 after fo r/o f + object aíter a noun 60.4 o r - in g form -5 ,7 -2 passive 59 after a passive verb 57.3 after a question word 6 in relative clauses 143.2 in reported offers etc 136.2 after a verb 60, 62-4 aíter a verb + object 65 to o (= a ls o ) n 3.7, 153.2 too many, too much ỉ 17.2 to o (fơ ữ Ỉ 7Í^) 117 w ith fo r and a to-infìn itive 68.3 towards 1'ÌSA to w n and the town 87.2 try + to-infìnitive ơr -ing form 64.3 tu rn out + to-infìnitive 62.4 uncounlable nouns 76-8 unless 148.3,152.2 u n til andby 2 in American English p380 linkingvvord 27.2,152.1 up in phrasal verbs 130 us 98 used to do/doing 72 verb structures verb + adverb + preposition 131 verb + adverb {phrasal verb) 128-31, TestV p316 verb + -ing fo rm 61—4, Test I p l5 ,T e s tM p l7 verb + object + preposition 127 verb + object + to -in fĩn itiv e or -ing form 65 verb + preposilion 126, Test V p316 verb + preposition + -ing form 70-1 verb + to -in fìnitive 60,62-4, T e s tL p l5 , T e s tM p l7 verbs irregular verbs p381,pp382-3 linkứ ig verbs 108.3 passive 54 sentence structure states and actions subject-verb agrccment 79 suffìxes p368 tcnscs 4-30, 'lcst E p54 w ithout a rìexive pronoun 100.5 very 115 verym uch 115.4 voicing p375 want + object + to-infinitive 65.3 was was able to 44.3 was ailowed to 45.3 was doing wasdone seepassive w asgoingto 29.2 we 98 weak forms p376 weU 109.4 were were doing what as subject/object 37 in exclamations 89.4 qucstion word 36, 37, 39 relative pronoun 140.2 w h a t for/like 38.2 what a 89.4 what about + -ing form 73.2 when f -ing form 73.3 lin king vvord 27,152.1 o r ư? 148.2 w itíì past tenses question word 36 relative adverb 142.3 where question word 36 relativc advcrb 142.3 whereas 150.5 whether + to -in íĩn itive 66.3 in a reported question 135.2 which as subject/object 37.2 question vvord 39 relative pronoun 137, 142.4 w hilc 2 + -ing form 73.3 lin k in g w o rd 27,150.5,152.1 w ith the past continuous who as subject/object 37 question vvord 37, 39 relative pronoun 137-9 whole 97.2 whom 138.3 whosc question word 37.2 in relative clause 140.1 wh-questions 36 negalive 41.5 w ith a preposition 38 why question word 36 rclative adverb 142.3 wiU 52 and b e g o in g to 25 in conditionals 144 íuture 22.3,23 invitations 51.3 offers 51.2 w ill be able to 44.2 w ilỉ be allowed to 45.3 wiU be doing 28 w illb e d o n e 54.3 wiU have done 29.1 wish 149 w ìth (link with) 124.3 won’t future 23.3 invitations 51.3 offers 51.2 refusals 52.3 word classes word formation pp368-9 word order adjectives 104.2,105 adverbs 113, 115.2 phrasal verbs 128.3 prepositions in relative clauses 139 questions 34, 36, 38 reported questions 135.3 sentence structure work and the work 87.2 worse, worst 110.5 would 52 in conditionals 145-6 afterw ish 149 would like 52.2 I objcct I to-infmitive 65.3 + to-infinitive 63.2 invitations 51.3 offcrs 51.2 requests 50.1 would rathcr 69.2 wouỉdn’t for a reíusal 52.3 wrong 109.2 yes aíter a negative question 41.4 after a question tag 42.2 short answers 35 yes/no questions 34 negative 41.3 yet 114 in American English p377 w ith the Present Perfecí 12.1 you 98 peopie in general 56.2,98.3, p379 your,yours 92 yoursélf, yourselves 0 , 1 INDEX • PAGE43 NHÀ X U Ấ T BẢN TÙ ĐIÉN BÁCH K H O A Ọ iiú ii T h n h - B a D in h Hà N ội ĐT: HC - TH 043 7339361 - PH 043 8439043 Các ban biên tập: 043.7341742; 043 8438953; 043 8439033 Fax: (84-4) 38438951 - Email: nxbtdbk1998@yahoo.com VVebsite: www.nxbtdbk.vn OXPORD ENGLISH PRACTICE GRAMMAR W IT H A N SW E R S - IN T E R M E D IA T E - C h ịu tr c lĩ n h iệ m x u â t b n : TS T R ỊN H TẮ T ĐẠT Biên tập: HOÀNG THỊ PHƯƠNG THAO S a in: N H À SÁCH MI NH C U Ờ N G Vẽ bìa: H Ư Ơ N G GI ANG In 2000 cuốn, khổ 19x27cm, Công ty In Sao Việt Quyết định XB: 26 / TĐBK - QĐ K H X B ;1499-2012/C X B /01 - 93/TĐBK In xong nộp lưu chiểu năm 2013 Intermediate Oxford English Practice Grammar wìth answers NGỮ PHÁP TIÉNG ANH TRUNG CẮP • Grammar structures are explained in context so you understand how they work in practice • Practice actỉvities check you understand the explanations • lllustrated dialogues show you how to bring together the grammar and vocabulary you know • Regular progress tests show what you know - and what needs more practice • The exit test prepares you for English Practice Grammor - Advanced • The Practice - Plus CD-ROM gives you interactive exercises and tests English Practice Grommar - Intermediate covers th e grammar you need to pass th e First Certificate exam Practice-plus CD-ROM - y o u l l find it Inside this book! This is th e only grammar CD-ROM with Interactive find and correct th e mistake exercises, to help you notice and correct your ow n mistakes Do th e exerclses and th e multiple-choice tests to check your progress Record and listen to your volce and learn to speak more naturally The English Practice Grơmmơr three-level series - Basic, Intermediote, ond Advanced - gives you th e explanations and practice that are right for your level o f Engiish Basic gives you lots of practice and dear, short explanations; Intermediate gives you more detail, balanced with ex tended practice; Advanced gives you challenging practice activlties and in-depth explanations Revision units and te s ts help you focus on th e grammar that n e e d s more practice Use English Proctice Grammor either at h o m e or in class and be more coníident about grammar 9 885136 ... them We can use a plural noun (e.g cars, parties) or an uncountable noun (e.g ice hockey, music) vvithout the / ỉove parties means that I love alỉ parties, parties in general General and speciíìc... ảoesnt matter / í s a v e ry [> 85.1 AVan ancì some PAGE 22 2 c> 103 Everyone, something, etc • THIS, MY SOME A LOT 0F ETC w h o ) to Practice Basic use (1) Look at the pictu re s and say w t... uncountable noun: W hat rubhish! W hatfun we hadỉ o PAGt 20 8 116 Quite and rather • N O U N S AND A R T I C L E S Practice A Very, quite, rather, so, etc (2- 3) What you say in these situations? ► ► You’re