CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP Tự luận Thi trắc nghiệm 2 loại bài chuyển câu trực tiếp Chuyển 1 loại câu – cùng 1 động từ tường thuật ( Chuyển S, thì, O, thời gian, địa điểm) S + said told asked.
CHUYÊN ĐỀ CÂU TRỰC TIẾP - GIÁN TIẾP Tự luận Thi trắc nghiệm loại chuyển câu trực tiếp Chuyển loại câu – động từ tường thuật ( Chuyển S, thì, O, thời gian, địa điểm) S + said/ told/ asked/ wanted to know, wondered …… Chuyển cấu trúc— động từ tường thuật khác TO V/ VING S+ suggested/ invited …… B1: nhận biết câu cần chuyển Câu tường thuật dạng câu kể Công thức: S + say(s)/said + (that) + S + V Câu hỏi YES-NO Công thức: S + asked/wanted to know/wondered if/whether + S + V(thi) Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi Cơng thức: S + asked (+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words/how + S + V Nếu rơi 1,2,3 áp dụng ct (nhớ chuyển S, O, V(thì), thời gian, địa điểm) Nếu V chuyển TO/ VING Phải xét tình To Vo/ Ving(học thuộc) B2: Gạch chân phần cần chuyển dần từ trái qua phải Nam said “I am told to be at school before o’clock” She said to him, “Where you live?” “Are there some oranges in the fridge?” She asked her mom Mary said to John, “Open the box for me please” A LÍ THUYẾT Câu tường thuật loại câu thuật lại lời nói người khác dạng gián tiếp I Một số thay đổi tường thuật Khi chuyển từ câu nói trực tiếp sang câu nói gián tiếp có thay đổi sau: Các đại từ Nam said “I am…” Lan said “I am …” Lan said to me “you can go out ” Các đại từ Subject pronouns Object pronouns Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns Demonstratives Trạng từ thời gian Trực tiếp Gián tiếp I He / she You I/ We/ They We We/ They Me him/ her You me/ us/ them Us us/ them My his/ her your my/ our/ their Our our/ their mine his/ hers yours mine/ ours/ theirs Ours ours/ theirs This that these those Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Today that day Tonight that night Tomorrow the next day/ the following day Tomorrow morning the next morning Yesterday the day before/ the previous day Ago Before Now Then Next (Tuesday) the next/ following Tuesday Last (Tuesday) the previous Tuesday/ the Tuesday before The day after tomorrow in two days' time/ two days later The day before yesterday two days before Here There Thì động từ QK -HT -TL Tất ht, tl lùi qk Htd- qkđ tlđơn (will + Vo) Httd- qktd tltd (will be Ving) Htht- qkht tlht (will + have + vpii) Hthttd- qkhttd tlhttd( will have been Ving) chuyển will -would Qkđ -qkht Qktd qkhttd Qkht khơng đổi Qkhttd khơng đổi Tên Động thiếu từ Trực tiếp khuyết Gián tiếp Can He said: "I can’t come on time." Could He said (that) he couldn't come on time - Must/have to (sự bắt buộc) - Had to She said: "I must take care of my little brother." She said (that) she had to take care of her little brother - Must (sự suy diễn) - Must He said: "You must be tired now." He said (that) I must be tired then - Must (đưa lời khuyên) - Must My father said: "This exam is very important You must prepare for it well." My father said (that) that exam was very important and I must prepare for it well - Mustn't (sự cấm đoán) - Mustn't She said: "You mustn't make noise here." She said (that) I mustn't make noise there May Might My teacher said: dictionaries for this test." "You may use My teacher said (that) we might use dictionaries for that test Need Needed/had to He said: "I need it now." He said (that) he needed/had to it then - Needn't (dùng tại) - Needn't/didn't have to She said: "We needn't set off early." She said (that) they needn't/didn't have to set off early - Needn't (dùng tương lai) - Wouldn't have to He said: tomorrow." "You needn't II Khơng thay đổi động từ Khi động từ tường thuật tương lai Ví dụ: Said He says: "I have just finished my work." He says (that) he has just finished his work come here He said (that) I wouldn't have to come here the next day 2 Khi động từ tường thuật q khứ, khơng có thay đổi động từ trường hợp sau a Tường thuật thật hiển nhiên, chân lí Ví dụ: The little boy said: "Mother's mother is grandmother." The little boy said mother's mother is grandmother b Khi động từ câu trực tiếp có thì: khứ tiếp diễn kết hợp với khứ đơn, khứ đơn với khứ hoàn thành, khứ đơn (đi kèm thời gian cụ thể) Ví dụ: He said: "I was doing my homework when my mother came in c Khi động từ câu trực tiếp có: used to, should, would, could, might, ought to, had better, would rather Ví dụ: Peter said: "We used to go fishing in the afternoon." Peter said (that) they used to go fishing in the afternoon d Khi tường thuật mệnh đề ước muốn với “wish” “if only” Ví dụ: He said: "I wish I were taller." He said (that) he wished he were taller e Câu điều kiện loại 2, Ví dụ: He said: "If I were you, I would apologize to Linda." He said (that) if he were me, he would apologize to Linda f Cấu trúc: "It's (high/about) time " Ví dụ: My mother said: "It is high time you washed the dishes." My mother said (that) it was high time I washed the dishes III Các loại câu tường thuật Câu tường thuật dạng câu kể Công thức: S + say(s)/said + (that) + S + V Lưu ý: say(s) /said to sb tell(s)/told sb Ví dụ: He said to me: "You are my best friend." He told me (that) I was his best friend Câu tường thuật dạng câu hỏi a Câu hỏi YES-NO Công thức: S + asked/wanted to know/wondered if/whether + S + V Ví dụ: "Did you go with your mother yesterday?" asked he He asked me if/whether I had gone with my mother the day before b Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi Cơng thức: S + asked (+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words/how + S + V Ví dụ: The teacher asked: "Why didn't you go to class last Friday?" The teacher asked me why I hadn't gone to class the Friday before Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau động từ nguyên thể - tell/ask sb + to V: bảo/yêu cầu làm - advise sb + to V: khuyên làm - promise + to V: hứa làm - threaten + to V: đe doạ làm - warn + sb + not to V: cảnh báo không nên làm - invite sb + to V: mời làm - remind + sb + to V: nhắc nhở làm - encourage sb + to V: khuyến khích làm - offer + to V: đề nghị làm - agree + to V: đồng ý làm - order Sbd (not)to VO: lệnh Câu tường thuật với động từ theo sau danh động từ - accuse sb of + V-ing: buộc tội làm - admit + V-ing: thừa nhận làm - deny + V-ing: phủ nhận làm - apologize (to sb) for + V-ing: xin lỗi làm - blame sb for + V-ing: đổ lỗi cho làm - complain (to sb) about + V-ing: phàn nàn điều - confess to V-ing: thú nhận làm - congratulate sb on + V-ing: chúc mừng làm - criticize sb for V-ing: trích làm - insist on + V-ing: khăng khăng làm - object to + V-ing: phản đối làm - suggest + V-ing: gợi ý/đề nghị làm - thank sb for + V-ing: cảm ơn làm - warn sb against + V-ing: cảnh báo khơng nên làm B BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG Exercise 1: Chọn phương án The interviewer asked me what experience for the job A you get B did I get C I got D you got They asked me whether I was working A next day afternoon B the afternoon followed C the following afternoon D tomorrow afternoon "Where have you been hiding?", she asked She asked me where hiding A I have been B have I been C had I be D I had been He asked me home the day before A what time I leave B what time I will leave C what time I had left D what time I left John asked me in English A what does this word mean B what that word means C what did this word mean D what that word meant She said I an angel A am B was C were D have been Laura said she had worked on the assignment since A yesterday B two days ago C the day before D the next day John asked me interested in any kind of sports A if I were B if were I C if was I D if I was John asked me that film the night before A that I saw B had I seen C if I had D if had I seen 10 She asked me the seat or not A if / had occupied B whether / was occupied C if / has been occupied D whether / occupied 11 The policeman asked us A had any of us seen the accident happen B if had any of us seen the accident happen C whether any of us had seen the accident happen D that if any of us had seen the accident happen 12 I asked him but he said nothing A what the matter was B what was the matter C the matter was what D what's the matter was 13 James him up when the bus reached the square A told me wake B asked me to wake C said me to wake D requested me waking 14 I wonder we'll catch the bus we'll take a taxi A if / and whether B whether / or that C if / or that D whether / or whether 15 Excuse me Could you tell me ? A what time is it B what is the time C what time it is D it is what time 16 We wonder from his office after that scandal A why did he not resign B why he did not resign C why he not resign D why didn't he resign 17 Jeff wanted to know A that why were his friends laughing B why were his friends laughing C why his friends were laughing D the reason why his friends laughing 18 Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the day A previous B following C before D last 19 She him whether he liked the steak she cooked A asks B wondered C wanted to know 20 His neighbours sometimes wondered he did for a living A why B when C where D asked D what Question "I visited Paris with my father last year," Jack said Jack said that he had visited Paris with his father the previous year Jack said that I had visited Paris with his father last year Jack said that he visited Paris with my father the previous year Jack said that I would visit Paris with his father last year Question 2: He said: “My wife has bought a diamond ring since last year.” A He said that his wife had bought a diamond ring since the previous year B He said that my wife had bought a diamond ring since the previous year C He said that his wife has bought a diamond ring since last year D He said that his wife just bought a diamond ring since the previous year Question 3: “Would you like to come out to dinner with me tonight, Jenny?” Paul said A Paul suggested that Jenny go out to dinner with him that night B Paul offered Jenny to go out to dinner with him that night C Paul invited Jenny to go out to dinner with him that night D Paul insisted on Jenny going out to dinner with him that night Question 4: “I have seen this film four times this year,” Mr Nam said A Mr Nam said I had seen that film four times this year B Mr Nam said I have seen that film four times that year C Mr Nam said that he had seen that film four times that year D Mr Nam said that he has seen this film four times that year Question 5: “I will fix your bike tomorrow” Paul said to his son A Paul said that he would fix his son’s bike tomorrow B Paul said that he will fix his son’s bike the following day C Paul said that he will fix his son’s bike tomorrow D Paul said that he would fix his son’s bike the following day Question 6: Robbins said to Ann, “My father bought me this bike last year” A Robbins told Ann that his father had bought him this bike the following year B Robbins told Ann that his father had bought him that bike the previous year C Robbins told Ann that her father bought her this bike last year D Robbins said Ann that my father bought her that bike the previous year Question 7: “You have done your work well today.” the teacher said to me A The teacher told me I had done my work well that day B The teacher told me I had done your work well that day C The teacher told me I had done his work well today D The teacher told me I have done my work well today Question 8: “I met many old friends yesterday?” Tom said A Tom said that I would meet many old friends yesterday B Tom said that he met many old friends the day before C Tom said that he had met many old friends the day before D Tom said that I had met many old friends yesterday Question 9: “We will be here for five days,” Mark said A Mark said that he would be there for five days B Mark said that he would be here for five days C Mark said that they were there five days ago D Mark said that they would be there for five days Question 10: "Let's go for a walk We've been working all day,” said Joanna A Joanna suggested going for a walk because they had been working all day B Joanna insisted on going for a walk because they had been working all day C Joanna suggested going for a walk because they have been working all day D Joanna insisted to go for a walk because they had been working all day Question 11: “What time does the train to New York leave this Saturday, Mary?” Jack asked A Jack asked Mary what time the train to New York leaves this Saturday B Jack asked Mary what time the train to New York left this Saturday C Jack asked Mary what time the train to New York leaves that Saturday A B C D D Jack asked Mary what time the train to New York left that Saturday Question 12 “You have to get all the letters sent off by tomorrow,” said Jake to his secretary A Jake told his secretary that she had to get all the letters sent off by the next day B Jake said to his secretary that she would get all the letters sent off by the following day C Jake told his secretary that she should send off all the letters by tomorrow D Jake said to his secretary that she had sent off all the letters by the day after Question 13: “Stop drinking or you’ll be ill” the doctor told me A I was ordered not to drink to recover from illness B I was warned against drinking a lot of beer to stay healthy C The doctor suggested drinking to treat my illness D The doctor advised me to give up drinking to avoid illness Question 14: “For sure, I will take you out this evening,” said Jane’s father to her A Jane’s father suggested they be taken out that evening B Jane’s father reminded her that she would be taken out that evening C Jane’s father advised her to take him out that evening D Jane’s father promised that he would take her out that evening Question 15: “You must never play truant again,” said their mother A Their mother forbade them from playing truant again B They are not allowed to play truant ever again by their mother C Their mother commanded that they should not play truant again D Never would their mother allow them to play truant again Question 16: “I am going away tomorrow, mom” the son said A The son said that he was going away the next day, mom B The son told his mom that he was going away the next day C The son asked his mom if he was going away tomorrow D The son said to his mom he was going away the next day Question 17: "Don't forget to bring an umbrella." John's mother said to him A John's mother asked him not to bring an umbrella B John's mother ordered him to bring an umbrella C John's mother reminded him to bring an umbrella D John's mother encouraged him not to bring an umbrella Question 18: "Why don’t you participate in the volunteer work in summer," said Sophie A Sophie suggested me to participate in the volunteer work in summer B Sophie asked me why not participate in the volunteer work in summer C Sophie suggested my participating in the volunteer work in summer D Sophie made me participate in the volunteer work in summer Question 19 "I don't think Janet will win this time" said Tony A Tony wondered if Janet would win this time B Tony believed that Janet would win that time C Tony doubted whether Janet would win that time D Tony suggested that Janet should try to win that time Question 20 “Congratulations, you've been offered the job,” Mr Jones said A Mr Jones congratulated me for my job offer B Mr Jones wanted me to get the job and congratulated me C Mr Jones congratulated me on getting the job offer D Mr Jones said his congratulations because he offered me a job Question 21: “Where are you going now?” the police officer said to us A The police officer asked us where we were going now B The police officer asked us where they were going now C The police officer asked us where we were going then D The police officer asked us where we are going then Question 22: “I met my old friend yesterday” Jane said A Jane said that she had met her old friend the previous day B Jane said that she has met her old friend the day before C Jane said that she would meet her old friend the following day D Jane said that she met her old friend the day after Question 23: "You've broken my CD player, Sam," said Jenny A Jenny charged Sam with having broken her CD player B Jenny blamed Sam for having broken her CD player C Jenny charged Sam with having broken his CD player D Jenny blamed Sam on having broken his CD player Question 24: “Why were you absent from the class yesterday?” The teacher said to Andrew A The teacher wondered why Andrew has been absent from the class the day before B The teacher told Andrew why had he been absent from the class the previous day C The teacher wanted to know why Andrew was absent from the class the previous day D The teacher asked Andrew why he had been absent from the class the day before Question 25: “I finished my project on global warming yesterday” he said A He said that he finished my project on global warming the day before B He said that he had finished his project on global warming yesterday C He said that I would finish his project on global warming yesterday D He said that I had finished his project on global warming yesterday Question 26: “You should open up and tell our teacher about your situation” said Maria to Victor A Maria advised Victor to open up and tell their teacher about his situation B Maria forbid Victor to open up and tell their teacher about his situation C Maria forced Victor to open up and tell their teacher about his situation D Maria allowed Victor to open up and tell their teacher about his situation ... is grandmother." The little boy said mother's mother is grandmother b Khi động từ câu trực tiếp có thì: khứ tiếp diễn kết hợp với khứ đơn, khứ đơn với khứ hoàn thành, khứ đơn (đi kèm thời gian... will -would Qkđ -qkht Qktd qkhttd Qkht khơng đổi Qkhttd khơng đổi Tên Động thiếu từ Trực tiếp khuyết Gián tiếp Can He said: "I can’t come on time." Could He said (that) he couldn't come on time.. .Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Today that day Tonight that night Tomorrow the next day/ the following day Tomorrow