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WORLD SMALL HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2013 www.smallhydroworld.org Unofficial copy, please see www.smallhydroworld.org for official version World Small Hydropower Development Report 2013 Unofficial copy, please see www.smallhydroworld.org for official version Published in 2013 by United Nations Industrial Development Organization and International Center on Small Hydro Power 2013 © UNIDO and ICSHP All rights reserved This report was jointly produced by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and International Center on Small Hydro Power (ICSHP) to provide information about small hydropower The document has been produced without formal United Nations editing The designations employed and the presentations of the material in this document not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of UNIDO and ICSHP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process: Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO or its partners The opinions, statistical data and estimates contained in the articles are the responsibility of the author(s) and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or bearing the endorsement of UNIDO and its partners While every care has been taken to ensure that the content is useful and accurate, UNIDO and ICSHP and any contributing third parties shall have no legal liability or responsibility for the content or the accuracy of the information so provided, or for any loss or damage caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with reliance on the use of such information Copyright: Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint Recommended citation: Liu, H., Masera, D and Esser, L., eds (2013) World Small Hydropower Development Report 2013 United Nations Industrial Development Organization; International Center on Small Hydro Power Available from www.smallhydroworld.org Forew ord CHEN Lei M inister of W ater Resources, People's Republic of China and Honorary Chairman, INSHP China’s successful approaches in small hydropower development have been applauded by international organizations such as the United Nations, and attracted the attention from the international community, all of which paved the way for the establishment of the first China-based international organization – the International Network on Small Hydro Power (INSHP) Hydropower, as the largest clean and renewable energy source, has played an essential role in the global energy mix Against the backdrop of rapid social-economic development and global warming, the development of renewable energy has gained increased attention among the global community The manifold benefits of small hydropower - the relatively low investment capital, small engineering work, simplistic maintenance and operation, minimal environmental impacts, suitability for scattered development in rural and remote areas - have attracted special attention from the global community Small hydropower has seen rapid development in many countries, making important contribution to meeting daily electricity demand, reducing poverty and advancing socio-economic improvement In different parts of the world, the availability of water resources, socio-economic conditions, small hydropower technology sophistication and management standard vary greatly from country to country Developed countries boast of advanced small hydropower technologies and up-to-date equipment as well as managerial expertise, accumulating rich experiences in constructing environment- friendly hydropower projects, which are of great reference value to developing countries In the process of socioeconomic development, developing countries have urgent need for energy and electricity Blessed with huge hydro potentials yet hindered by low level of development, developing countries still face a huge gap in terms of hydropower technology and equipment manufacturing Therefore, it is important and imperative to regularly publish reliable official information on small hydropower development worldwide and promote modern concepts, updated technologies and latest approaches and experiences about small hydropower, in order to create opportunities for bilateral and multilateral cooperation, while highlighting it as a green and clean renewable energy to serve world development The Chinese Government attaches top priority to the development and utilization of hydropower as well as other renewable energy sources After many years of efforts, China has an installed hydropower capacity of 249 GW, ranked first in the world Among which, small hydropower is significant, with 45,000 stations nationwide and 65 GW installed capacity and an annual output of, accounting for 27 per cent and 25 per cent of the nation’s hydropower installed capacity and electricity output respectively In particular, several national programmes have been implemented in recent years, such as the Small Hydropower Replacing Fuel Wood Program, New Rural Hydropower Electrification Program and the Capacity Expansion and Efficiency Improvement of Rural Hydropower Program As a result, electricity has been provided to those people who have no access to electricity, the wellbeing of the rural residents has been improved, the local environment has been protected and rural economic progress has been promoted Significant contribution has been made to energy saving, emission reduction and energy security Half of the world’s small hydropower installed capacities are located in China The country has accumulated abundant experiences in small hydropower equipment manufacturing, planning and design, technology development, operation and management as well as enabling policy framework As the hosting country of INSHP, the Chinese Government actively supports initiatives by the INSHP and International Center on Small Hydro Power (ICSHP) to work closely with other international organizations, including United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), and independent experts and scholars, with a view of promoting the worldwide development of small hydropower After a three-year effort, under the auspices of INSHP and UNIDO, the compilation of the world’s baseline data on small hydropower from 152 countries, territories and regions has finally been completed and contained iv in the World Small Hydropow er Development Report 2013 (WSHPDR 2013), with contributions from over 60 experts worldwide The WSHPDR 2013 began with a global vision of small hydropower development, providing regional and international institutions as well as countries concerned with baseline information and strategic outlook on renewable energy planning and integrated water resources management With the WSHPDR 2013, the experiences and lessons of small hydropower development could be shared among countries and more opportunities provided for the technical innovation, technology transfer and expertise services in those untapped small hydropower markets The Chinese Government welcomes the in-depth exchange and practical cooperation in small hydropower development with the rest of the world Meanwhile, I sincerely hope that the publishing of WSHPDR 2013 serves to build a global knowledge platform on small hydropower; one that will play an active role in expanding cooperation and exchange among countries around the world in the development, management, technology, marketing, investment and finance of small hydropower; one that will expedite the sound development of small hydropower and contribute to the creation of a beautiful life for humankind CHEN Lei Minister of Water Resources People’s Republic of China Honorary Chairman International Network on Small Hydro Power v Forew ord LI Yong Director General, UNIDO development status and its potential in different countries and regions by engaging with stakeholders to share information The initiative reinforces UNIDO’s continuous commitment to accelerating sustainable development and enhancing productive capacities Since the industrial revolution and the introduction of steam power, energy has been at the forefront of boosting industrialization and economic growth The availability of fossil fuels led to increased production, employment and technological innovation, which improved living standards around the world Environmental challenges, energy security, and volatile fuel prices associated with conventional fossil fuels, have shifted the focus to renewable energies as a basis for low-carbon and sustainable development Access to reliable low-cost energy based on locally available renewable resources for productive use is a precondition for industrial competitiveness, increased productivity, job creation, and income generation, which provide opportunities for social includion Renewable energies are also key success factors in reducing the environmental footprint (e.g CO2-emissions per unit of output) of industrial production To date, much of the world’s small hydropower potential remains untapped The first step to promote small hydropower is through dissemination of reliable data for policy development and energy planning, as well as though guiding investors in entering renewable energy markets UNIDO and ICSHP are proud to facilitate this collective effort based on the contribution of more than 60 different authors and organizations from all over the world We would like to thank all contributing authors and organizations for their work We are proud to jointly promote small hydropower development for productive use and sustainable industrialization further, and invite interested organizations and experts to participate UNIDO will continue to play a special role in promoting a system of international dialogue and engaging small hydropower stakeholders from across the world to make this initiative a hub for all small hydropower related information Small hydropower is one of the most suitable renewable energy solutions for productive use and rural electrification Small hydropower is a mature technology that can be easily constructed, operated and maintained locally A great share of the small hydropower value chain benefits local economies It has the lowest electricity generation prices of all off-grid technologies, and has the flexibility to be adapted to various geographical and infrastructural circumstances Increased small hydropower development will showcase the use of renewable energy in industries, and small and micro enterprises, being an ideal technology option to mainstream renewable energy use to improve productivity, boost industrialization and reduce geographic inequality in industrial production LI Yong Director General UNIDO As a leading United Nation agency in the provision of renewable energy solutions for inclusive sustainable development, UNIDO is collaborating with the International Center on Small Hydro Power (ICSHP), based in China, to develop a small hydropower knowledge platform www.smallhydroworld.org and to publish the World Small Hydropow er Development Report 2013 This flagship initiative of UNIDO is a worldfirst compilation of global small hydropower data, and will be a crucial policy and investment guide for renewable energy provision through small hydropower It aims at identifying the world’s small hydropower vi Acknow ledgement s Cover design - red hot ‘n’ cool ltd., Vienna The World Small Hydropow er Development Report 2013 (WSHPDR 2013) benefited from the support of many organizations, international experts and individuals, especially Arun Kumar and Wim Jonker Klunne This publication wouldnot have been possible without their support and contribution from around the world W e would like to thank t he following for their invaluable help during t he production of the report: Sussanna Aigbiluese, Pablo Alvarez, APACE-VFEG Team, Dursun Basandorj, Magdalena Bilbilovska, Suryo Busono, Yuanfang Chen, Roberto Custode, Marc D’Anselme, John Dar, Julián Despradel, Gustavo A Devoto, Nimashi Fernando, Solomone Fifita, Aderito Figuera, Pierre-Jacques Frank, Camilha Galhardo, Kusum Gyawali, Håvard Hamnaberg, Zhao Hao, Gabriel Hernandez, Bernhard Hu, Jinhui Jeanne Huang, Tandin Jamtsho, Joel Jeangrad, Hai Jin, Oliver Jung, Kennedy Kaltavara, Raul Karpowicz, Jay Knight, Nazar Korpeyev, Arun Kumar, Francois Lefevre, Bryan Leyland, Zhiwu Li, Zhiguang Liu, Allyson Luders, Martin Lugmayr, Khumbolawo Lungu, Tumenjargal Makhbal, Pete Maniego, Samuel Martin, Pedro Matthei, Emily Morton, Emma Murray, Nasib Naik, Aime Nganare, Joseph Kalowekamo, Enrique Portaluppi, Marcela Portaluppi, Dale Qiu, Chewang Rinzin, Abdullellah Rasooli, Bill Roush, Gabriel Salazar, Magdalena Sanguinetti, Mónica Servant, Dipendra nath Sharma, Shane Silvera, Dili Singh, Karan Singh, Mattijs Smits, Kevin Kimkian Tan, Jiandong Tong, Nobuhiro Tsuda, Jose Luis Rodriguez Vasquez, Xianhong Wu, Yueping Xu, Dan Yao , Minmin Ye, Rapa Young, Aiming Zhou, Xiaoyuan Zhu Editors Heng Liu and Lara Esser - International Center on Small Hydro Power Diego M asera - United Nations Industrial Development Organization Editorial Board Linda Church-Ciocci - National Hydropower Association, United States Ayodele Esan -UNIDO Regional Center for Small Hydropower, Nigeria Solomone Fifit a - Secretariat for Pacific Community Dirk Hendricks - European Small Hydropower Association Jinxing Huang - Canmet Energy, Canada M otoyuki Inoue – Ritsumeikan University and Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan Pradeep M onga - United Nations Industrial Development Organization Hongpeng Liu - United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Victorio Oxilia - Latin American Energy Association OLADE Teodoro Sanchez - Practical Action Andres Szöllösi-Nagy - UNESCO-IHE Zhongxing Tian - International Network on Small Hydro Power K M Dharesan Unnithan - UNIDO Regional Centre for Small Hydropower, India The following have provided insightful advice during the peer-review process: Xialei Cheng of Hangzhou Regional Center (Asia Pacific) for Small Hydropower, Mark Draeck of UNIDO, Trevor Daniell of University of Adelaide, Bethany Duarte of Pennwell, Dolf Gielen of IRENA, Rudolf Huepfl, Thomas Jossy of UNIDO, Zhiwu Li of Hangzhou Regional Center (Asia Pacific) for Small Hydropower, Hongpeng Liu of UNESCAP, Heng Liu of ICSHP, Chiyembekezo S Kaunda of University of Dar es Salaam, Wim Jonker Klunne of CSIR, Arun Kumar of Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Martin Lugmayr of ECREEE, Emmanuel Michael of UNIDO, Niels Nielsen of IEA Small Hydropower Annex, Gabriel Salazar of OLADE, Katerina Syngellakis of GIZ Fiji, Simon Taylor, Geraldo Tiago Filho of Centro Nacional de Referência em Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas (CERPCH), Sergio Armando Trelles Jasso of Hidrotec ICSHP Secretariat Coordinator and translator - Lara Esser Communicat ions - Ugranath Chakarvarty, Lara Esser, Pascal Hauser, Elena Quiroga-Fernández Edit orial team - Laxmi Aggarwal, Guillaume Albrieux, Kai Whiting, Elena Quiroga-Fernández, Sidney Yeelan Yap, Yingnan Zhang Publication advisor and copyeditor - Sidney Yeelan Yap Regional advisors - Xiaobo Hu, Yan Huang, Deyou Liu, Chuanqi Ou, Jianghui Wei This list is by no means exhaustive We apologize for any inadvertent errors or omissions of contributors to the publication UNIDO Secretariat Coordinator - Diego Masera Edit orial team - Jana Imrichova, Magdalena Sanguinetti, Sunyoung Suh, Caroline Zimm vii Technical not es and abbreviat ions Within the World Small Hydropow er Development Report 2013 (WSHPDR 2013) small hydropower is defined as plants with a capacity of up to 10 MW per plant This definition is also used for summary statistics at the regional level On country level, the national definitions apply while, where possible, capacities and potentials up to 10 MW are also given The term ‘small hydropower’ in this Report has a different meaning from country to country The information on small hydropower potential presented has been derived from various sources, often it was not clear from sources if gross, technical or economical potential was considered Furthermore, not all of the countries have identified their small hydropower potential, in the case where data on small hydropower potential were not available, planned small hydropower potential was reported instead The WSHPDR 2013 adheres to the geographical region and composition defined by the United Nations Statistics Division Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia not contain many countries or territories that use small hydropower, therefore were combined under the regional heading of ‘Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs)’ This report was compiled for both ‘countries’ and ‘territories’ Overseas territories have been included in the continent where they are geographically located in following the online M49 list of the United Nations Statistic Division Countries that are not part of the United Nations were not considered in this report For more details and a full list of countries or territories according to the UN regions, see http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm The graphs on electricity in each report provide the percentage of electricity generated by its source or type As detailed information from each country varies, the terminology was adapted from the respective source and the most recent available information was used Not all countries that possess potential or installed small hydropower enacted legislation on small hydropower In cases where no legislation or no information were provided by the author, the section on Legislation on Small Hydropower was omitted intentionally The information on small hydropower potential presented has been derived from various sources, often it was not clear from sources if gross, technical or economical potential was considered Furthermore, not all of the countries have identified their small hydropower potential, in the case where data on small hydropower potential were not available, planned small hydropower potential was reported instead References to dollars ($) are to US dollars, unless otherwise indicated Where other currencies were used, an approximate US dollar value was provided The WSHPDR 2013 includes information on small hydropower of 152 countries/territories, however detailed reports are available for only 149 countries Please note that information presented was true up to end of December 2012, if not otherwise indicated ADB AfDB CER CDM CSP EBRD ECOWAS EIA ESHA FIT GEF GIZ GTZ IEA IRENA Asian Development Bank African Development Bank Certified Emission Reduction Clean Development Mechanism Concentrated solar power European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Economic Community of West African States Environmental Impact Assessment European Small Hydropower Association Feed-in tariff Global Environment Facility Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit German Technical Cooperation Agency International Energy Agency International Renewable Energy Agency viii 93 93 Northern Africa Overview of countries in Northern Africa Classification of small hydropower in Northern Africa Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Northern Africa Algeria Installed hydropower capacity in Algeria Egypt Installed and potential hydropower capacity in Egypt Morocco Micro and mini hydropower in Morocco Examples of micro hydropower in Morocco Installed small hydropower capacity up to 10 MW in Morocco Sudan Installed hydropower capacity in Sudan Tunisia Small hydropower installations in Tunisia Installed small hydropower capacity in Tunisia 95 96 Southern Africa Overview of countries in Southern Africa Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Southern African 79 79 80 81 84 87 87 87 90 111 112 112 118 118 123 125 135 137 138 148 152 153 156 158 159 159 168 171 Western Africa Overview of countries in Western Africa Classification of small hydropower in Western Africa Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Western Africa Côte d'Ivoire Energy sector objectives in Côte d'Ivoire Installed hydropower capacities in Côte d'Ivoire Guinea Micro hydropower sites in Guinea Liberia Proposed small hydropower plants in Liberia Togo Potential small hydropower sites in Togo Caribbean Overview of countries in the Caribbean Small hydropower in the Caribbean Haiti Electrification priorities in Haiti Puerto Rico Installed small hydropower capacity in Puerto Rico Estimated micro hydropower capacity in Puerto Rico Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Installed small hydropower capacity in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Central America Overview of countries in Central America Classification of small hydropower in Central America Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Central America Honduras Small hydropower projects under the Clean Development Mechanism in Honduras Mexico Small hydropower potential in Pilot River Basins in Mexico 436 178 178 179 181 197 199 206 206 207 209 209 210 211 211 214 215 218 219 219 220 224 225 227 228 230 230 231 232 233 238 238 240 241 241 South America Overview of countries in South America Classification of small hydropower in South America Small hydropower in South America, up to 10 MW Argentina Small hydropower potential in Argentina Ecuador Energy prices in Ecuador French Guiana Grid connected electricity generation capacity in French Guiana Northern America Overview of countries in Northern America Classification of small hydropower in Northern America Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Northern America Canada Installed capacity of renewable energy in Canada Electricity generation in Canada Installed small hydropower capacity in Canada Small hydropower potential under 50 MW in Canada Estimated small hydropower deployment in Canada by 2050 United States of America Status of small hydropower in the United States of America Potential sites in the Northwest region of the United States of America Central Asia Overview of countries in Central Asia Classification of small hydropower in Central Asia Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Central Asia Kazakhstan Small hydropower projects in Kazakhstan Tajikistan Installed small hydropower capacity in Tajikistan Planned small hydropower capacity in Tajikistan, 2009-2020 Turkmenistan Proposed programme for small hydropower in Turkmenistan Priority small hydropower projects in Turkmenistan Eastern Asia Overview of countries in Eastern Asia Classification of small hydropower in Eastern Asia Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Eastern Asia China Classification of small hydropower in China Ownership of rural small hydropower units in China Democratic People's Republic of Korea Planned hydropower in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Planned medium and small hydropower in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Republic of Korea Installed small hydropower capacity in Republic of Korea Mongolia Overview of energy systems in Mongolia Classification of small hydropower in Mongolia 437 264 265 265 Southern Asia Overview of countries in Southern Asia Classification of small hydropower in Southern Asia Relevant policy for small hydropower in Southern Asia Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Southern Asia Afghanistan Selected small hydropower projects and programmes in Afghanistan Bangladesh Potential micro hydropower sites in Bangladesh Potential hydropower sites in Bangladesh Bhutan Installed hydropower capacity in Bhutan Operational small hydropower plants in Bhutan India Classification of small hydropower in India Small hydropower in India Islamic Republic of Iran Installed medium and small hydropower projects in the Islamic Republic of Iran Small hydropower potential in the Islamic Republic of Iran Planned medium and small hydropower plants in the Islamic Republic of Iran Nepal Installed small hydropower capacity in Nepal Hydropower potential in Nepal Pakistan Small hydropower up to 50 MW in Pakistan Installed micro hydro plants up to 150 kW in Pakistan Small hydropower potential in Pakistan 270 270 271 South-Eastern Asia Overview of countries in South Eastern Asia Classification of small hydropower in South Eastern Asia Small hydropower up to 10 MW in South Eastern Asia 243 243 244 244 246 250 250 252 252 254 255 258 259 259 261 262 273 274 278 294 295 296 299 3299 302 305 305 307 307 Cambodia Classification of small hydropower in Cambodia Mini and micro hydropower projects in Cambodia Lao People’s Democratic Republic Pico-hydropower in Lao People’s Democratic Republic Western Asia Overview of countries in Western Asia Classification of small hydropower in Western Asia Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Western Asia Armenia Growth of small hydropower in Armenia Azerbaijan Installed small hydropower in Azerbaijan Georgia Small hydropower investment projects in Georgia Iraq Installed hydropower capacity in Iraq Small hydropower sites under study in Iraq Jordan Small hydropower potential at existing dams in Jordan Small hydropower potential at proposed dams in Jordan 438 313 Lebanon Installed small hydropower capacity up to 10 MW in Lebanon Planned small hydropower plants up to 10 MW in Lebanon Turkey Small hydropower potential in Turkey 315 316 316 Eastern Europe Overview of countries in Eastern Europe Classification of small hydropower in Eastern Europe Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Eastern Europe 340 340 341 Northern Europe Overview of countries in Northern Europe Classification of small hydropower in Northern Europe Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Northern Europe 310 310 370 Southern Europe Overview of countries in Southern Europe Classification of small hydropower in Southern Europe Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Southern Europe Croatia Installed small hydropower capacity in Croatia 388 388 389 Western Europe Overview of countries in Western Europe Classification of small hydropower in Western Europe Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Western Europe 364 364 365 406 406 406 409 412 413 414 417 424 424 428 433 Australia and New Zealand Overview of Australia and New Zealand Classification of small hydropower in Australia and New Zealand Small hydropower up to 10 MW in Australia and New Zealand Australia Small hydropower development in Australia New Zealand Remaining small hydropower potential up 10 MW in New Zealand Pacific Island Countries and Territories Overview of countries in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories Small hydropower under 10 MW in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories Fiji Small hydropower projects in Fiji Solomon Islands Micro hydropower systems in Solomon Islands Potential small hydropower sites in Solomon islands Federated States of Micronesia Electricity access in Micronesia Samoa Small hydropower plants in Samoa 439 List of figures 62 62 Eastern Africa Burundi Electricity generation in Burundi Small hydropower capacities in Burundi Ethiopia Electricity generation in Ethiopia Small hydropower capacities in Ethiopia Kenya Electricity generation in Kenya Small hydropower capacities in Kenya Small Hydropower schemes in Kenya Madagascar Electricity generation in Madagascar Small hydropower capacities in Madagascar Malawi Electricity generation in Malawi Small hydropower capacities in Malawi Mauritius Electricity generation in Mauritius Small hydropower capacities in Mauritius Mozambique Electricity generation in Mozambique Small hydropower capacities in Mozambique Réunion Electricity generation in Reunion Small hydropower capacities in Reunion Rwanda Electricity generation in Rwanda Small hydropower capacities in Rwanda South Sudan Electricity generation in South Sudan Small hydropower capacities up to 10 MW in South Sudan Uganda Electricity generation in Uganda Small hydropower capacities up to 10 MW in Uganda United Republic of Tanzania Electricity generation in the United Republic of Tanzania Small hydropower capacities in the United Republic of Tanzania Installed small hydropower capacities in the United Republic of Tanzania Map of potential small renewable power sites in the United Republic of Tanzania Zambia Electricity generation in Zambia Small hydropower capacities in Zambia Shiwangandu hydropower station in Zambia Zengamena hydropower station in Zambia Zimbabwe Electricity generation in Zimbabwe Small hydropower capacities in Zimbabwe 67 Middle Africa Angola Electricity generation in Angola 18 19 21 21 24 25 25 28 28 32 33 35 35 37 38 41 41 43 44 47 48 50 50 54 54 55 56 59 59 60 60 440 67 70 70 73 75 76 77 77 81 81 83 83 86 87 90 90 92 93 97 97 98 100 100 103 103 104 104 105 108 108 109 114 114 116 Small hydropower capacities in Angola Cameroon Electricity generation in Cameroon Small hydropower capacities in Cameroon Central African Republic Small hydropower capacities in Central African Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Electricity generation in the Democratic Republic of Congo Small hydropower capacities in the Democratic Republic of Congo Sao Tome and Principe Electricity generation in Sao Tome and Principe Small hydropower capacities in Sao Tome and Principe Northern Africa Algeria Electricity generation in Algeria Small hydropower capacities in Algeria Egypt Electricity generation in Egypt Small hydropower capacities up to 10 MW in Egypt Morocco Electricity generation in Morocco Small hydropower capacities in Morocco Sudan Electricity generation in Sudan Small hydropower capacities in Sudan Tunisia Electricity generation in Tunisia Small hydropower capacities in Tunisia Southern Africa Lesotho Electricity generation in Lesotho Small hydropower capacities in Lesotho Powerhouse of the Mantsony’ane hydropower plant in Lesotho Namibia Electricity generation in Namibia Small hydropower capacities in Namibia South Africa Electricity generation in South Africa Small hydropower capacities in South Africa Micro hydropower potential in South Africa Small hydropower potential in the Eastern Cape of South Africa Interior of the decommissioned Hartbeespoort plant in South Africa Swaziland Electricity generation in Swaziland Small hydropower capacities in Swaziland Map of potential hydropower sites in Swaziland Western Africa Benin Electricity generation in Benin Small hydropower capacities in Benin Burkina Faso Electricity generation in Burkina Faso 441 116 118 118 120 120 122 122 125 127 127 130 132 132 135 135 140 140 141 141 143 143 145 245 146 146 150 150 Small hydropower capacities in Burkina Faso Côte d'Ivoire Electricity generation in Côte d'Ivoire Small hydropower capacities in Cote d’Ivoire Ghana Electricity generation in Ghana Small hydropower capacities in Ghana Guinea Electricity generation in Guinea Small hydropower capacities in Guinea Liberia Small hydropower capacities in Liberia Mali Electricity generation in Mali Small hydropower capacities in Mali Nigeria Small hydropower capacities in Nigeria Sierra Leone Electricity generation in Sierra Leone Small hydropower capacities in Sierra Leone Togo Electricity generation in Togo Small hydropower capacities in Togo Caribbean Cuba Electricity generation in Cuba Small hydropower capacities in Cuba Dominica Electricity generation in Dominica Small hydropower capacities in Dominica Dominican Republic Electricity generation in the Dominican Republic Small hydropower capacities in the Dominican Republic Grenada Electricity generation in Grenada Small hydropower capacities in Grenada Guadeloupe Electricity generation in Guadeloupe Small hydropower capacities in Guadeloupe Jamaica Electricity generation in Jamaica Small hydropower capacities in Jamaica Figures continued 152 153 153 155 Puerto Rico Electricity generation in Puerto Rico Map of hydrological units in Puerto Rico Small hydropower capacities in Puerto Rico Saint Lucia Electricity generation in Saint Lucia 442 155 156 156 160 160 162 162 164 164 166 166 168 168 170 171 171 174 174 176 176 180 180 181 184 184 187 188 190 190 193 193 196 196 197 199 Small hydropower capacities in Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Electricity generation in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Small hydropower capacities in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Central America Belize Electricity generation in Belize Small hydropower capacities in Belize Costa Rica Electricity generation in Costa Rica Small hydropower capacities in Costa Rica El Salvador Electricity generation in El Salvador Small hydropower capacities in El Salvador Guatemala Electricity generation in Guatemala Small hydropower capacities in Guatemala Honduras Electricity generation in Honduras Small hydropower capacities in Honduras Mexico Electricity generation in Mexico Small hydropower capacities in Mexico Small hydropower potential in pilot river basins in Mexico Nicaragua Electricity generation in Nicaragua Small hydropower capacities in Nicaragua Panama Electricity generation in Panama Small hydropower capacities in Panama South America Argentina Electricity generation in Argentina Map of the main small hydropower schemes in Argentina Small hydropower capacities in Argentina Plurinational State of Bolivia Electricity generation in the Plurinational State of Bolivia Small hydropower capacities in the Plurinational State of Bolivia Brazil Electricity generation in Brazil Small hydropower capacities in Brazil Chile Electricity generation in Chile Small hydropower capacities in Chile Colombia Electricity generation in Colombia Small hydropower capacities in Colombia Ecuador Electricity generation in Ecuador Small hydropower capacities in Ecuador Hydropower Project Development Process in Ecuador French Guiana Electricity generation in French Guiana 443 199 201 202 204 204 209 210 213 213 220 220 222 222 224 225 227 227 229 229 232 233 235 235 240 240 241 241 249 249 252 252 Small hydropower capacities in French Guiana Peru Electricity generation in Peru Small hydropower capacities in Peru Uruguay Electricity generation in Uruguay Small hydropower capacities in Uruguay Northern America Canada Electricity generation in Canada Small hydropower capacities in Canada United States of America Electricity generation in the United States of America Small hydropower capacities in the United States of America Central Asia Kazakhstan Electricity generation in Kazakhstan Small hydropower capacities in Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Electricity generation in Kyrgyzstan Small hydropower capacities in Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Electricity generation in Tajikistan Small hydropower capacities in Tajikistan Republic of Turkmenistan Electricity generation in Turkmenistan Small hydropower capacities in Turkmenistan Republic of Uzbekistan Electricity generation in Uzbekistan Small hydropower capacities in Uzbekistan Eastern Asia China Electricity generation in China Small hydropower capacities in China Japan Electricity generation in Japan Small hydropower capacities in Japan Republic of Korea Electricity generation in Republic of Korea Small hydropower capacities in the Republic of Korea Mongolia Electricity generation in Mongolia Small hydropower capacities in Mongolia Southern Asia Bangladesh Electricity generation in Bangladesh Small hydropower capacities in Bangladesh Bhutan Electricity generation in Bhutan Small hydropower capacities in Bhutan India 444 254 254 255 258 259 261 264 265 267 267 268 273 273 275 275 277 278 280 280 282 282 284 284 286 286 289 292 292 292 292 297 297 299 299 301 Electricity generation in India Small hydropower capacities in India Small hydropower capacity addition in India Islamic Republic of Iran Electricity generation in the Islamic Republic of Iran Small hydropower capacities in the Islamic Republic of Iran Nepal Small hydropower capacities in Nepal Pakistan Electricity generation in Pakistan Small hydropower capacities in Pakistan Sri Lanka Electricity generation in Sri Lanka Small hydropower capacities in Sri Lanka Cumulative capacity additions of new renewable energy in Sri Lanka, 1996-2010 South-Eastern Asia Cambodia Electricity generation in Cambodia Small hydropower capacities in Cambodia Indonesia Electricity generation in Indonesia Small hydropower capacities in Indonesia Lao People’s Democratic Republic Electricity generation in Lao People’s Democratic Republic Small hydropower capacities in Lao People’s Democratic Republic Malaysia Electricity generation in Malaysia Small hydropower capacities in Malaysia Myanmar Electricity generation in Myanmar Small hydropower capacities in Myanmar Philippines Electricity generation in the Philippines Small hydropower capacities in the Philippines Thailand Electricity generation in Thailand Small hydropower capacities in Thailand Country Report: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Small hydropower capacities in Timor-Leste Viet Nam Electricity generation in Viet Nam Small hydropower capacities in Viet Nam Small hydropower potential in Viet Nam Development capacity of small hydropower in Viet Nam Western Asia Armenia Electricity generation in Armenia Small hydropower capacities in Armenia Azerbaijan Electricity generation in Azerbaijan Small hydropower capacities in Azerbaijan Georgia Electricity generation in Georgia 445 301 304 304 306 306 309 309 312 312 318 318 320 320 322 322 324 324 326 326 328 328 331 331 333 334 336 336 338 338 343 343 345 345 347 Small hydropower capacities in Georgia Iraq Electricity generation in Iraq Small hydropower capacities in Iraq Jordan Electricity generation in Jordan Small hydropower capacities in Jordan Lebanon Electricity generation in Lebanon Small hydropower capacities in Lebanon Turkey Electricity generation in Turkey Small hydropower capacities in Turkey Eastern Europe Belarus Electricity generation in Belarus Small hydropower capacities in Belarus Bulgaria Electricity generation in Bulgaria Small hydropower capacities in Bulgaria Czech Republic Electricity generation in Czech Republic Small hydropower capacities in Czech Republic Hungary Electricity generation in Hungary Small hydropower capacities in Hungary Republic of Moldova Electricity generation in the Republic of Moldova Small hydropower capacities in the Republic of Moldova Poland Electricity generation in Poland Small hydropower capacities in Poland Romania Electricity generation in Romania Small hydropower capacities in Romania Russia Electricity generation in Russia Small hydropower capacities in Russia Slovakia Electricity generation in Slovakia Small hydropower capacities in Slovakia Ukraine Electricity generation in Ukraine Small hydropower capacities in Ukraine Northern Europe Denmark Electricity generation in Denmark Small hydropower capacities in Denmark Estonia Electricity generation in Estonia Small hydropower capacities in Estonia Finland Electricity generation in Finland 446 347 349 349 351 351 353 353 355 355 357 357 359 359 361 361 366 366 368 368 370 370 372 372 374 374 376 376 378 378 380 380 382 382 382 384 384 Small hydropower capacities in Finland Iceland Electricity generation in Iceland Small hydropower capacities in Iceland Ireland Electricity generation in Ireland Small hydropower capacities in Ireland Latvia Electricity generation in Latvia Small hydropower capacities in Latvia Lithuania Electricity generation in Lithuania Small hydropower capacities in Lithuania Norway Electricity generation in Norway Small hydropower capacities in Norway Sweden Electricity generation in Sweden Small hydropower capacities in Sweden United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Electricity generation in the United Kingdom Small hydropower capacities in United Kingdom Southern Europe Albania Electricity generation in Albania Small hydropower capacities in Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Electricity generation in Bosnia and Herzegovina Small hydropower capacities in Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Electricity generation in Croatia Small hydropower capacities Greece Electricity generation in Greece Small hydropower capacities in Greece Italy Electricity generation in Italy Small hydropower capacities in Italy The former Yugoslav Republic of Mac edonia Electricity generation in the former Y ugoslav Republic of Macedonia Small hydropower capacities in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Montenegro Electricity generation in Montenegro Small hydropower capacities in Montenegro Portugal Electricity generation in Portugal Small hydropower capacities in Montenegro Serbia Electricity generation in Serbia Small hydropower capacities in Serbia Map showing the total installed small hydropower capacity Slovenia Electricity generation in Slovenia Small hydropower capacities in Slovenia 447 386 386 390 390 392 392 394 394 397 397 399 399 401 401 403 403 408 408 411 411 417 417 419 419 421 421 423 423 426 426 429 429 Spain Electricity generation in Spain Small hydropower capacities in Spain Western Europe Austria Electricity generation in Austria Small hydropower capacities in Austria Belgium Electricity generation in Belgium Small hydropower capacities in Belgium France Electricity generation in France Small hydropower capacities in France Germany Electricity generation in Germany Small hydropower capacities in Germany Luxembourg Electricity generation in Luxembourg Small hydropower capacities in Luxembourg Netherlands Electricity generation in the Netherlands Small hydropower capacities in the Netherlands Switzerland Electricity generation in Switzerland Small hydropower capacities in Switzerland Australia and New Zealand Australia Electricity generation in Australia Small hydropower capacities in Australia New Zealand Electricity generation in New Zealand Small hydropower capacities in New Zealand Pacific Island Countries and Territories Fiji Electricity generation in Fiji Small hydropower capacities in Fiji New Caledonia Electricity generation in New Caledonia Small hydropower capacities in New Caledonia Papua New Guinea Electricity generation in Papua New Guinea Small hydropower capacities in Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands Electricity generation in Solomon Islands Small hydropower capacities in Solomon Islands Vanuatu Electricity generation in Vanuatu Small hydropower capacities in Vanuatu Federated States of Micronesia Electricity generation in the Federated States of Micronesia Small hydropower capacities in the Federated States of Micronesia French Polynesia 448 431 431 433 433 Samoa Electricity generation in French Polynesia Small hydropower capacities in French Polynesia Electricity generation in Samoa Small hydropower capacities in Samoa 449 United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Wagramer Straße 2, 1220 Vienna Austria International Center on Small Hydro Power (ICSHP) 136 Nanshan Road, 310002 Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China renewables@unido.org report@icshp.org www.smallhydroworld.org ... L., eds (2013) World Small Hydropower Development Report 2013 United Nations Industrial Development Organization; International Center on Small Hydro Power Available from www.smallhydroworld.org... in the World Small Hydropow er Development Report 2013 (WSHPDR 2013) , with contributions from over 60 experts worldwide The WSHPDR 2013 began with a global vision of small hydropower development, ... World Small Hydropower Development Report 2013 Unofficial copy, please see www.smallhydroworld.org for official version Published in 2013 by United Nations Industrial Development
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