CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF VERB PHRASE IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE

CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF VERB PHRASE IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE Group – K18C : Đào Thị Ngọc Nguyên Phạm Thị Nguyệt Nguyễn Thị Thủy Tiên Trần Thị Phượng Outline Definition of verb phrase Verb phrase in English and Vietnamese    Verb phrase in English Verb phrase in Vietnamese Summary Implications for teaching and learning foreign language Conclusion Reference Definition of verb phrase Wikipedia (2009) “In linguistics, a verb phrase is a syntactic structure composed of the predicative elements of a sentence and its function is to provide information about the subject of the sentence In the generative grammar framework, the verb phrase is a phrase headed by a verb A verb phrase may be constructed from a single verb; often, however, the verb phrase will consist of various combinations of the main verb and any auxiliary verbs, plus optional specifiers, complements, and adjuncts” Definition of verb phrase Vietnamese linguist Diệp Quang Ban (Ngữ Pháp Tiếng Việt, 2006: 62) “Cụm động từ tổ hợp từ tự khơng có kết từ đứng đầu, có quan hệ phụ thành tố với thành tố phụ, thành tố động từ.” Summary Verb phrase is a free word phrase having main – subordinate relation and containing a verb serve as the central element and many additive elements which modify the meanings for the central element Verb phrase in English and Vietnamese 2.1 Verb phrase in English 2.1.1.The components of verb phrase  According to Kies (2009), an English verb phrase consists of a head verb, its auxiliaries, its complements and other modifiers Verb phrase = auxiliary + main verb + complement / modifiers Auxiliary verb Auxiliary verb Modal verbs (can, may, might, will, could, would, ought to, need, should…followed by a base) Example - I can this Perfect forms of have, followed by –ed participle) - They have finished their job Progressive (forms of be, followed by –ing participle) - He is watching TV Passive (forms of be, followed by –ed participle) - The table is broken Support auxiliary (forms of do, followed by a base ) - You don’t want to go Main verb Main verb Transitive verb Intransitive verb Main verb  Transitive verb  Verbs that need direct objects followed The direct object can be a noun, pronoun or a clause Beare (2009) PRE-ADDITIVE ELEMENTS Words indicate the time of action or state từng, đã, vừa, mới, đang, Em kể anh nghe Chuyện thuyền biển Words indicate the frequency thường, hay, năng, ít, đơi khi, Anh ta ghé qua chỗ PRE-ADDITIVE ELEMENTS Words indicate negation or affirmation không, chưa, chẳng, Em đây, đời chẳng đáng ngại Em đây, bàn tay tin cậy Words indicate the level rất, hơi, khi, Rất đẹp hình anh lúc nắng chiều PRE-ADDITIVE ELEMENTS Words indicate the order hãy, đừng, Chớ nói cười, lắng nghe xem Words indicate the limitation Cô xinh CENTRAL ELEMENT Verbs that not stand alone and are usually followed by other verbs Modal verbs phải, nên, cần, dám, có thể, sẽ, định Nó định nghỉ học Passive bị, được, mắc, phải, chịu Anh ta bị thầy phạt CENTRAL ELEMENT Verb phrase with two parallel existential actions đứng khóc, nằm ngủ, học, chơi, ngồi nghe Anh ta chơi phố Verb phrase with two actions but the second verb is an additive element in sense ăn đứng, ngã ngồi, đặt nằm, chết đứng Company name CENTRAL ELEMENT Verb phrase with two parallel existential actions đứng khóc, nằm ngủ, học, chơi, ngồi nghe Anh ta chơi phố Verb phrase with two actions but the second verb is an additive element in sense ăn đứng, ngã ngồi, đặt nằm, chết đứng Company name CENTRAL ELEMENT Verbs always go with additive elements  Verbs with sense of moving: mở, dậy, kéo, đến, xuống, đi, bưng Eg: Anh ta Verbs with sense of achieving results: hiểu ra, đọc xong, bay mất, nhặt lấy, thu được, tìm thấy Eg: Nó để bay gà Verbs with sense of affecting two objects: cho, tặng, biếu, lấy, mượn, vay, cầm, xin, gửi Eg: My tặng Thọ hai truyện CENTRAL ELEMENT Verbs always go with additive elements Verbs with sense of governing two objects and objects’ activities are actions of order: bảo, sai, bắt, cho phép, buộc, khiến Eg: Thầy giáo bảo Nam lên bảng Verbs with sense of governing an object and connecting with another object: trộn, pha, nối, chắp, hòa Eg: Trộn bột với đường Verbs with sense of governing additive element and having the structure A is B and meanings of evaluating: coi, bầu, lấy, xem, cử Eg: Coi anh bạn CENTRAL ELEMENT combination of verbs: chạy chạy vào, bàn qua bàn lại, ngược xuôi, trèo lên tụt xuống Verbs with sense of the state or a period of an action: bắt đầu học, tiếp tục đi, thơi nói, hết chạy, ngừng học Verbs with sense of mood: lo lắng, bồn chồn, thoi thóp, thấp Eg: Người mẹ lo lắng đứa Implications for teaching and learning foreign language Implications for teaching E.g Position of auxiliary verbs  in English question sentences: before subject  in Vietnamese: at the end of the sentence such as phải không, không, chưa, hả, etc Implications for learning  develop linguistic skills in both languages  a clear distinction to avoid mistakes, use and transfer languages more confidently and effectively Conclusion  language :the most effective method of communication of human beings  every language has its own interesting characteristic  the structure, the formation, the origin, especially the characteristics of language: not simple Reference