Nguyên lý thiết kế thư viện

TS KTS TA TRlfdNG XUAN N I• NHAXUAT BAN xAY DVNG HA NQI - 2009 L(H GI(H THl¢U La m{jt nhilng die"m sang van hoa, tri thuc, kiln thuc cua nhan lorJ,i, cua dan t{jc, soi r9i tdi m9i ngudi Thu la cong trinh kiln true cong c{jng nit cdn thilt khong chi thiet kl th?; xay ccic dljng cac thank pho' ma phai xay dljng pht5' bien vung mien cua dat nztdc; nhat la giai doCJ,n "FJ& mdi" gop phdn vao mz;,c tieu: each mrJ,ng cong tang ty tr9ng kink tl "Tri thuc" nhlim dCJ,i hoa dat nztac ta cua Tien sy - K:I'S T9- Trztdng Xuan Cu6n ''Nguyen lj thiet kl thzt bao g6m chztdng - ell c¢p tdi nhilng nguyen t&c thiet kl cd ban va cdn thiet, vdi nhilng thi dz;, phong phu, sinh d{jng bling hinh ve va dnh · tu la nhilng j tham khao cho nhilng ngztdi lam nghl kien true ua xaydtfng Nlu bCJ,n dQC thay nhilng khiem khuyet cu6n sack xin d6ng gop de' cu6n sack dztt quae gia rna tai quae c6 phuang phap va theo m(>t Nguoi dau tien t6 chile nhi!ng kh6a huan cac ky te, c6 tam quan trng nang chuyen, mon ve thu la Melvi Dewey (1851 - 1931) Ong da xay dt!ng cac chuang trlnh dao tc gia, thl phai c6 cac giiii phap de rna (khi anh sang tl! nhien kern) phai dam bao tieu chufin dQc tra?h d¢ ch6i 16a mat ciingnhu yeu cau thonggi6, va nhat Ia yeu cau bao sach, Mo va d(>c gia 11 Chieu sang nhan Ut anh sang nguon nang "den thong thuang anh sang nhan (den (khong tieu chuiin d¢ r5) D6 la: - Truang hqp phong d9c cung cap thong qua cac loai duqc sl:r dt,mg d¢ sang d¢ng ban toi, ban dem - Truang hqp anh sang tl! nhien ban khong du nhu cac mua dong ft niing, may mu nhi6u, bciu trai u am nhfrng tru6'c binh minh, hoang hon, toi.v.v thong chieu sang nhan thl ccin phai h6 trq cua C6 cac thong chieu sang sau: cac mang den • Chieu sang trcin dinh huang (hinh 5.11) tren trcin va long mang) chieu sang tlr trai sang phai giup nguo'i dQC HinhS.ll ch6a dai Hinh5.12 Hinh5.13 _ • Chieu sang d ' I I Hinh 5.14 M()t so' logi dbz!zuynh quang lzo(jc den compact VcYi CGC clzao den ditng trollg CGC plzong d(JC Clta tfll( vi¢n 5.2.3 Moi truang d(>c gia Ben qnh m6i tnrang m6i tnrang cac kh6ng gian d6ng kfn, phong dQC cac lqi m?t sinh ly, tam ly cho nguai d9c Thf dl;l: - Dieu cac yeu to - D¢ thiet ke chieu sang cho phong dQC, phiii biio dam cac lqi cho d(>c giii D6 la: dap Ung d¢ thfch hqp 18 - 24°C thfch hqp 75- 80% - Toe d¢ gi6 thfch hqp - 1,2 m/s - Kh6ng khf thfch hqp 90- 95% c6 cac chi tieu phu hqp vai nguai dQC nen dung cac phuong nhu di6u hoa kh6ng khf trung tam, hoa Cl;JC b¢, troilg nhijng dieu nguai ta dung M thong gi6 Khi dung cac thiet b! phai chu y: ky che - Kieu dang, kfch thuac, c6ng suat cua chung - D¢ gay on cho phep ( ::\> 25db) mau stic phil hqp vai trang trf n¢i that, tranh d¢ "vuang" va de - Hinh tht!c: Chat gay tr¢i" lung cung cua cac thiet b! vai kh6ng gian phong dQC C6 nhilng tac gia (KTS) da kheo leo nghien eCru cac chi tiet nhu gia dO'" di6u hoa Cl;JC b¢, 6ng thong cac chap phan tan anh sang lam nhilng chi tiet d?c tii tfnh chat c6ng tnnh thtr (xem cac iinh va hlnh 5.16) II 128 - Dieu moi truang cac khong gian dQc thoang Cl,l the Hi k:hi thiet ke thu c6 "san d9c" "hien d c" hay "vuem dQc" phai chu y chQn hu6ng tot k:hi xac dinh vi trf cua chung, ngoai dung cac chiT!.et kien true de ho trq Thf dl,l dung cac lo(;li chap (nhu hinh 5.15) cac lO(;li lQC anh tot nhtr kfnh rna, kfnh pha.n quang, cac lo(;li chat mang mong de ngan, IQC anh sang nai dQC, ngoai t6 chuc cay Xanh, tieu canh.V.V nfra Hinh 5.15 trai chieu tn;l'c tiep vao Ni that phong dQc thu trung tam LUGANO xem hlnh 5.16 a Hinh 5.16 Plzong dr;c tlzu vi¢n Trung tam- LUGANO Tac gid KIS.CARLO va RINO T AMI N¢i that phong dqc sach (thu hlnh 5.17 thl! APEADOORN (Ha Lan) xem Hinh 5.17 Plzong dr;c saclz bi¢t tluf- tq.i APELDOORN (Ha Lan) KIS HEIN SALAOMONSON (AMSTERDAM) M¢t vach ngan kinh la sv tiep noi gifra phong dQC, c6 ve kho cling, tl.f, ngan vai khong gian thien nhien vai hang cay, bai co, liiy l;;ti cam xuc can bang cho nguO'i phong dQC sach r¢ng, san go trcli tham c6 trang diem voi duang cong lUQll uon tv nhien vai mau xanh co non, voi cay xanh cfing tg.o nen canh sinh d¢ng, tho m(>ng cho m¢t phong dQC (xem hlnh 5.18) SV dl;lng CaC khong gian "khiem ton" lam phong dQc, kho chua sach nha a gia dlnh cfing duqc KTS Josef Schutz khai thac, w va khoa hQC (xem hlnh 5.19) Vai nham tzto cam xuc song d¢ng, trfr tinh song lzti khong gian gian di, anh sang du day, tlf nhien tran VaO phong qua Clra s6 cg_nh ban dQC sach rieng vai gia sach, til sach rieng ngan nap, giong nhu phong each cua vi Lanh W c¢ng san n6i tieng The giai V.I.Lenin (xem hlnh 5.20) w M¢t dieu dang chu y la sv Iva ch9n chong 6n, chong d¢i am cho san, tuang, tran n¢i that phong dQC Cac ngu6n gay 6n tir ben ngoai vao phai duqc giam thieu, trlr khlr tlr ChQn Vi trf thiet ke phong dQC C:ic ngu6n gay 6n tlr phfa cac nguyen nhan: - Do tieng 6n cua cac trang thiet bi hoztt d¢ng: tieng re re deu deu den, qug.t, may dieu hoa Hinh 5.18 Plzong d9c nha if gia dinlz "GEORGE.C MARSHALL- HAUS" tt;zi BERLIN- WESTEND KFS BRUNO GRIMMAEK- BERLIN cau tlzang len phong d9C Hlnh 5.19 Plzong d9C saclz nlu'z 6' ga, Lot vao KI'S Josef SCHUTZ (ZURICH) Hinh 5.20 N9i that plzong d9c saclz ctia V.I.Lenin 132 - Tieng on gay re nguai Thf dl;l: tieng xo barr, tieng ho hang, ll;l khl;l cua m¢t vai ong gia, tieng bu6'c V 6'i nhiing tuqng gay on nhu ke tren thl cac I):TS dtr 6b:; ·: · ': chong on nhu san tnH tham (lot;ti tham mem chong chay), khtr dung giai phap _I,J.gan, thiet b! bang SlJ llJa ch9n trang thiet b! phu hqp, cho chung Doi v6'i tieng on nguai gay thl giiii phap thiet kekhong gianpht.i.k€ cac :phbng phong d9c nhU hanh lang nghi, hien nghi, san canh, d9c ngoai trot giai lao, hut thuoc.v.v la nhilng giiii phap hUu · _ cac 5.3 VAN IJE AN TOAN TRONG THlf Khi thiet ke thu phiii quan tam den van de an tolm (theo phan lot;ti, phan cap va ch!u ltra) cua cong trlnh dieu blnh thuang ve thoat nguai va a trt;tng thai c6 sv coxay 5.3.1 An toim cho nguOi su d1;1ng Cac phong d9C a cac thu 16'n thuang c6 hang vai tram cho t6'i so hang nglm nguai dc cling m¢t thai diem M¢t diem kha ro la nguai d9C den phong d9C thl dong Ctra) soluqng ngtrai dQC tlr tlr ttr, dan dan, ket thuc gia d9C (thUang thU phong d9c khoi thU t;tt cung ffiQt thai diem, tfnh tocin: soluqng, kfch thu6c Ctra VaO, kfch thUOC hanh lang, soluqng vi trf kfch thUOC Va chung lot;ti Cck lot;ti cau thang phiii tuan thu nghiern nhilng quy d!nh va tieu chuan quy pht;tm h?mh cua Nha nu6'c diem nfra la cac phong d9C hanh lang cau thang thuang M¢t nhilng tham de tranh gay on di lt;ti (guoc, dep, giay va cht;tm v6i san) Phiii luu y cac tham tnH bang h6a chat em, mem song khong chay Clul y: thong dungcho.chieusang nhan tt;to, thong dieu hoa, qut;tt mat nhat la cac khu VlJC kho sach Xubng, san xuat cac trung tam, dieu hoa, cap trt;trn bom nu6'c v.v • Nguai d9C sach, tu nguai d9C bang cac phuong d9C dt;ti nhu computer, projecteur d9c cac lot;ti film, d9C thai gian dai phiii dap Ung cac nhu cau thu gian, giai trf, nghl ngai tninh cac tuqng anh huang t6'i tam sinh ly cua cac d¢c gia - thf dl;l: anh sang khong du tieu chuan (vuqt: qua: gay ch6i 16a, chua dt;tt tieu chuiin: d¢ on (tieng may cht;ty deu rna, cang thfulg) mau sac n¢i that gay kfch d¢ng, than kinh, thi giac cua nguai (du dan dan tlr tlr deu) de gay cac chll'Ilg kieu "thftm thau"): -s.3.2 Van de an toim cho kho sach, tu Ii¢u va cac trang thiet bj ky NhU Chung ta dff thay Sach Va tU ho SO' rat quy doi v6'i ffiQt quoc gia, mQt dan t(>c Thf dl;l b¢ kinh c6 200 cuon (luu gict a thu Roma) hay kinh Coran c6 cua Alexandria) ho?c b¢ sach ghi tren "the tre" tu dai Tan, (lmigiU a thu nguai Ai Quoc gia Bac Kinh Trung Quoc ) nhilng blm chep tay, dai Minh (luu gill a thu 133 QI;J.irpg)J9 c;6 thti9'Itg duqc.Iuu giu can cac thu vi¢n hqp tam co qu6c gia Hi¢n nay· vi¢c Jtru tru khong chi CO Sa}:q, CaC an pham dUQ'C in, khac, ve, viet tay cac xuong, sirng, nga da sUe hay'giay c6 Papirus, giay blm, cac the tre,,g6, ghi tren filrri··c6 g6c celluloze, tren dia CD, tren microfilm Vf!.y vi¢c, lmi gill CJiung, bfto quan ,chung laii ben; va vlra phai dap Ung cho nguO'i xerri no, dQC no, nghien cfru n6 la ni¢t cong vi¢c v6 cling phuc Tuy nhien, nhihlg chuyen gia dtrqc cac_ CO" siJ dao v6 cac chuyen nganh CUa thU vi¢n Se dam trach nhi¢m VOi tirng an phfim va cac mang tin khat Do nguon g6c chat ciia cac mang tin khac va sach ho SO" duqc Slr dt;mg khac nen cac phtrong phap biio quiin cling khong gi6ng ilift + Kho sach va cac phfim tren giay va cac chat hrru CO": Luu y giiii phap ch6ng am, (con trilng) m6i, mQt va vi trung pha hiiy sach, moe (hong, ph