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Many young people from disadvantaged social classes join gangs Gangs are groups of individuals who share a common identity Some anthropologists believe the gang structure is one of the most ancient fo.
Many young people from disadvantaged social classes join gangs Gangs are groups of individuals who share a common identity Some anthropologists believe the gang structure is one of the most ancient forms of human organization Gangs are often associated with criminal activities Street gangs tend to be populated with young people from low income or impoverished homes In contrast, organized crime gangs such as the Italian-American Mafia usually occupy the middle or upper class stratum of society Gangs usually take over a territory in a city or suburb They call this territory their "turf." One common criminal activity on their turf is "providing protection." This is a common style of extortion in which a gang provides protection from its own members for money What groups of gangs share? Chọn câu trả lời: a low income b a common identity c money d a territory Read the text and choose the best answer The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins And so in the decades of the 1920's and 1930's, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters In the 1940's and 1950's, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genes-the blueprints for each of the enzymes-and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseases-diabetes, cystic fibrosis These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the functions of the brain What to call them? The head hunters I will return to them later What is the main topic of the passage? Chọn câu trả lời: a The potential of genetic engineering b The discovery of enzymes c The progress of modern medical research d The microbe hunters According to the passage, what did the United States supply to European cities? Chọn câu trả lời: a Money b Machine tools c Agricultural produce d Raw materials Scurvy was considered to be caused by the lack of vitamins Chọn câu trả lời: a NG b T c F Quesstion: Helen Stranger is the Head Nurse a TRUE b NOT GIVEN c FALSE Question: If you want a repeat prescription you must make an appointment a NOT GIVEN b TRUE c FALSE Which section contains the following information? what happens when you register with the Centre a Section A b Section F c Section C d Section D Which section contains the following information? what to if you need to cancel a doctor's appointment a Section A b Section G c Section D d Section B Which section contains the following information? what to if you need help outside normal working hours a Section A b Section C c Section B d Section F Which section contains the following information? who to speak to first for general information a Section B b Section G c Section F d Section E Question: It is possible that receptionists will ask you to explain your problem a FALSE b TRUE c NOT GIVEN Question: You must always see the same doctor if you visit the Centre a TRUE b NOT GIVEN c FALSE Question: Services of private certificates are covered by Caustion Health Centre a TRUE b NOT GIVEN c FALSE Question: You should give the Health Centre your new contact details if you move house a TRUE b FALSE c NOT GIVEN 10 Question: If something is described as _, it is not clear or it is capable of being understood in more than one way a concerned b confirmed c ambiguous d underlying 11 Question: How owners respond to anxious behaviour in dogs? a They take the dog to a refuge b They react in different ways c They ignore the dog d They think the dog is being intentionally spiteful 12 Question: The unusual insight into canine psychology from a study by Bristol University researchers a emerged b existed c arrived d come 13 Question: Film of a particular subject or event _ a Insight b footage c breed d outlook 14 Question: Which dogs were slowest to approach the food bowls? a The most anxious dogs b the ones that had learned the difference between the full and empty bowls c the ones that had not been trained properly d the ones that had been the most anxious in the previous test 15 Question: If you feel _, you are worried about something a prone b concerned c underlying d ambiguous 16 Question: If you are _ to something, you are likely to be affected by it, especially if it is something bad a Concerned b Relieved c interested d Prone 17 Question: The more anxiously a dog behaved on being parted from its owner, the more its outlook appeared to be a Optimistic b Happy c Gloomy d Glad 18 Question: Which of these dogs are more likely to be optimistic, according to the study? a ones that relieved themselves b ones that destroy furniture when left alone c ones that remain calm when left alone d ones that bark when left alone 19 Question: When did the researchers video the dogs? a when the dogs were left alone for twenty minutes b while they were playing with them c when the dogs were walking over to the food bowls d when the dogs were left alone for five minutes 20 The author suggests that in the future… a people will careless about other human beings b Monkey hearts will be used in transplant operations c Monkey hearts will form part of our diet d Monkeys will become extinct 21 Technology and technics are the keys to solve Western people's problems… a FALSE b TRUE c NOT GIVEN 22 Monkeys are more stupid than humans because they always create unnecessary dangers for themselves… a TRUE b NOT GIVEN c FALSE 23 The problem with heart transplants has been that… a there are not usually enough donors b many people die after the operations c some of the heart donors are too old d artificial hearts not work very well 24 The main point the author is making is that humans… a have no right to make use of other animals b are similar in many ways to monkeys c should worry less about growing old d make life more complicated than it needs to be 25 In the future, hearts of almost animals will be used in transplant operations for humans… a TRUE b FALSE c NOT GIVEN 26 The author says that monkeys… a people will careless about other human beings b Monkeys will become extinct c Monkey hearts will form part of our diet d Monkey hearts will be used in transplant operations 27 According to the author, westerners believe heath problems can be solved by… a increasing the number of doctors b using technical mechanical methods c spending more money on scientific research d taking more precautions 28 Every monkey has a near-human heart… a NOT GIVEN b TRUE c FALSE 29 According to the passage, airline travelers should keep their feet flat on the floor…….…… a only if an accident is possible b during takeoffs and landings c especially during landings d throughout the flight 30 Travelers are urged by experts to read and listen to safety instructions …………… a if smoke is in the cabin b in an emergency c before takeoff d before locating the exits 31 What is the main topic of the passage? a Airline industry accident statistics b Guidelines for increasing aircraft passenger survival c Safety instructions in air travel d Procedures for evacuating aircraft 32 According to the passage, which exits should an airline passenger locate before takeoff? a The ones with counted rows of seats between them b The nearest one c The two closest to the passenger’s seat d The ones that can be found in the dark 33 It can be inferred from the passage that people are more likely to survive fires in aircrafts if they… a wear a safety belt b keep their heads low c don’t smoke in or near a plane d read airline safety statistics 34 To copy search results to a floppy disk, students pay… a $20 b a fee dependent on the time taken Chọn câu trả lời: a art nouveau b Castilian heritage c political strife d old style What is best heading for the paragraph? Chọn câu trả lời: a Multi-coloured frog species cause problems b The mystery of amphibian decline.(sai) c Frogs declining in number d Frogs making changes to the ecosystem Which of the following is true about Gaudi’s architecture? Chọn câu trả lời: a Most of his work has been destroyed b He disdained color c He employed a wide range of colors d He rejected whatever was considered innovative Antoni Gaudi’s fame is due primarily to his world famous Chọn câu trả lời: a business acumen b political skills c architectural structures d paintings With which of the following statements would the author be LEAST likely to agree? Chọn câu trả lời: a Children learn to add before they leam to subtract b Mathematical development is subtle and gradual c Most people follow the same pattern of mathematical development d Children naturally and easily learn mathematics What does the passage mainly discuss? Chọn câu trả lời: a Trends in teaching mathematics to children b The fundamental concepts of mathematics that children must learn c The development of mathematical ability in children d The use of mathematics in child psychology The word '‘peculiar” in is closest in meaning to Chọn câu trả lời: a large b clear c unusual d important According to the passage, what was the first great step toward the practice of agriculture? Chọn câu trả lời: a The development of a system of names for plants b The discovery of grasses that could be harvested and replanted c The changing diets of early humans d The invention of agricultural implements and machinery Which park is the largest and most popular open space in the city? Chọn câu trả lời: a Brock Park b Hadley Park c Lilac Park and House d Highdown Park Which park would be the most suitable for Martin? Chọn câu trả lời: a East Bank Park b Victoria Park c Elmwood Park d Boscawen Park In which sentence does the author describe the benefits people derive from plants? Chọn câu trả lời: a Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants b Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid c To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all d Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge Which park would be the most suitable for Melanie and Stefan? Chọn câu trả lời: a Hadley Park b Lilac Park and House c Highdown Park d Brock Park How vitamins influence health? Chọn câu trả lời: a They are broken down by cells to produce energy b They are necessary for some enzymes to function c They protect the body from microbes d They keep food from spoiling Which of the following can be cured by a change in diet? Chọn câu trả lời: a Cholera b Cystic fibrosis c Tuberculosis d Pellagra What does the passage mainly discuss? Chọn câu trả lời: a The role of agriculture in the nineteenth century b The major United States industrial centers c The history of railroads in the United States d Factors that affected industrialization in the United States Nutrition has been considered a key factor in finding treatment to many diseases Chọn câu trả lời: a T b NG c F The area where people lived was artificially increased between 1325 and 1519 Chọn câu trả lời: a NG b F c T Industrialisation of Mexico City took place in the early part of the 20th century Chọn câu trả lời: a T b F c NG Read the text and answer the question When was the last time you saw a frog? Chances are, if you live in a city, you have not seen one for some time Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom All over the world, even in remote jungles on the far side of the globe, frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise Are amphibians simply over-sensitive to changes in the ecosystem? Could their rapid decline in numbers be signalling some coming environmental disaster for us all? What is best heading for the paragraph? Chọn câu trả lời: a The mystery of amphibian decline b Multi-coloured frog species cause problems c Frogs making changes to the ecosystem d Frogs declining in number Read the text and answer the question This frightening scenario is in part the consequence of a dramatic increase over the last quarter century in the development of once natural areas of wet marshland; home not only to frogs but to all manner of wildlife Yet, there are no obvious reasons why certain frog species are disappearing from rainforests in the Southern Hemisphere which are barely touched by human hand The mystery is unsett1ing to say the least, for it is known that amphibian species are extremely sensitive to environmental variations in temperature and moisture levels The danger is that planet Earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological food chain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilent insects at manageable levels), but we might be increasing our output of air pollutants to levels that may have already become irreversible Frogs could be inadvertently warning us of a catastrophe What is best heading for the paragraph? Chọn câu trả lời: a Frogs making changes to the ecosystem b Multi-coloured frog species cause problems c The mystery of amphibian decline d Frogs declining in number Read the text and choose the best answer You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genes-the blueprints for each of the enzymes-and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseases-diabetes, cystic fibrosis These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry In the paragraph, the author compares cells that have been genetically altered by biotechnicians to Chọn câu trả lời: a spotlights b factories c gardens d hunters The Spanish had heard of Tenochtitlan before they reached Mexico Chọn câu trả lời: a T b F c NG In a sociological explanation, personal values are more powerful than authority Chọn câu trả lời: a T b NG c F What might the writer say to her son? Chọn câu trả lời: a Are you sure you finished your homework? It's more important than band practice b When are you playing at the club next?Dad and I would love to come along again c If you don't know what to with yourself, there is a good programme on T.V in a few minutes d Your teacher has phoned He wants to know why you weren't at school today Since 1823, Mexico has always been a republic Chọn câu trả lời: a F b T c NG Decide which website would be the most suitable for Kumiko? Chọn câu trả lời: a www.fitnet.co.uk b www.activelife.co.uk c www.fitinfo.com d www.NAG.co.uk According to the passage, all of the following are mentioned as illegal activities connected with gangs EXCEPT: Chọn câu trả lời: a selling drugs b stealing cars c killing people d lending money According to the passage, how can a person stop being a gang member? Chọn câu trả lời: a Recruit a new members b Steal money c Fight against other members d Leave the gang The Aztecs generally preferred to live on islands Chọn câu trả lời: a NG b F c T Industrialisation of Mexico City took place in the early part of the 20th century Chọn câu trả lời: a F b NG c T The World Wide Web is a network of computerised typewriters Chọn câu trả lời: a NG b F c T What class stratum organized crime gangs occupy? Chọn câu trả lời: a lower class and middle class b middle or upper class c lower class d working class In stating that new recruits for a gang are "jumped in" the author means that they are Chọn câu trả lời: a forced to show their courage b ordered to steal money c hit by other members d asked to build up their physical strength The word considerable is closet in meaning to Chọn câu trả lời: a normal b slight c thoughtful d extensive Read the text and choose the best answer One of the most renowned Spanish architects of all time was Antoni Gaudi Gaudi's emergence as one of 's preeminent artists at the end of the nineteenth century marked a milestone in the art world Gaudi's popularity helped to bring about the acceptance and rebirth of the Catalan language, which had been banned during the literature and art Gaudi shares his Catalonian background with two other famous Spanish artists, Pablo Picasso and Miro The diverse ethnic background of the region greatly influenced the work of Picasso and Miro, as well as Gaudi Thus, their works were a combination of an old history and an active, vivid imaginary world This has sometimes been referred to as the “Catalan Mind.” Yet it was perhaps Gaudi who had the greatest talent for bringing together diverse groups, ones which others viewed as being too diametrically opposed to be capable of coming together and co-existing amicably This was apparent not only in the artists and other individuals who surrounded him, but also in the varied styles and techniques he employed in his architecture Much of his work can be seen in , where his structures are known as a fine representation of modernism He also used a great variety of color in his buildings, and this art nouveau is often associated with his own unique style of design All of these factors are what helped put him at the forefront of art movements to come: his unique ability to take on and transform traditional Spanish elements with the emerging diverse ethnic groups, merging these with his own fertile imagination, and consequently turning these forces into some of the greatest architecture the world has ever seen Which city is primarily associated with Gaudi today? Chọn câu trả lời: a Spain (SAI) b Berlin c Barcelona d Castilia(Sai) People appear to be born to compute The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy — one plate, oneknife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment Of course, the truth is not so simple This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends Children were observed as they slowly grasped — or, as the case might be, bumped into — concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers — the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table — is itself far from innate It can be inferred from the passage that children normally leam simple counting Chọn câu trả lời: a they reach second grade in school b soon after they leam to talk c by looking at the clock d when they begin to be mathematically mature The word '‘prerequisite” is closest in meaning to Chọn câu trả lời: a theory b requirement c reason d technique To what does the pronoun one in the passage refer? Chọn câu trả lời: a disaster b a frog c a jungle d a toad Miro has been viewed as being a prototype of Chọn câu trả lời: a the Catalan mind b the Castilian mind c a fantasy d Spanish architecture Read the text and decide that the statement is True (T), False (F) or Not Given (NG) The lake was shallow, and during the nearly 200 years until 1519, the Aztecs expanded the inhabited area by land refill and the creation of artificial islands Canals were dug for the transportation of goods and people Aqueducts were constructed to bring drinking water from natural springs outside the city, dams to protect it against floods, and causeways and bridges to connect the city with the shore There were many houses, palaces, temples, squares, markets and even a zoo Perhaps the most striking construction of this period is the Templo Mayor, a double pyramid which still survives As the capital of an empire stretching from Texas to Honduras, Tenochtitlan was a magnificent and important city When the Spanish arrived, they called it the 'Venice of the New World' The Spanish began their conquest of Mexico in 1519 and came close to Tenochtitlan the same year In 1521, they took control of it, after fierce fighting that destroyed most of the city A new capital, with a new name, was built on the ruins, using Spanish architectural styles One part of the lake was filled in to join the island to the shore, and Mexico City became the capital of the wealthiest colony in the Americas, the centre of trade between Spain and China The Aztec inhabitants of Tenochtitlan left when the city was conquered Chọn câu trả lời: a NG b T c F In the 18th century, some residents of Mexico City bought European goods Chọn câu trả lời: a F b T c NG Over the centuries, most European countries were ruled by monarchs The , , and still have constitutional monarchies In a constitutional monarchy a king or queen reigns but must obey the constitutional laws of the nation This form of government severely limits the monarch's power In the 17th century, became a constitutional monarchy King Charles I signed an agreement He had to go through the English Parliament to exact new taxes and laws or to start wars Immediately after signing the agreement, the king ignored it He tried to rule with absolute power He was beheaded for treason The new era of constitutional monarchy had begun Types of Monarchy Chọn câu trả lời: a Constitutional Monarchy b Empire c Symbolic d Absolute One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the looked like a spider's web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal Why does the author mention "a spider's web"? Chọn câu trả lời: a To describe the complex structure of the railway system b To emphasize the railroad's consumption of oil and coal c To describe the difficulties involved in the distribution of raw materials d To explain the problems brought on by railway expansion ... d between 9.00am and 11 .30 am only 38 To use the library printers, students must have… a a floppy disk b their own paper c a photocopying card d correct change in coins 39 What is the meaning... nearest one c The two closest to the passenger’s seat d The ones that can be found in the dark 33 It can be inferred from the passage that people are more likely to survive fires in aircrafts... airline safety statistics 34 To copy search results to a floppy disk, students pay… a $20 b a fee dependent on the time taken c No fee d a fee based on actual costs 35 To ensure efficient access