FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY CAMPUS GRADUATION THESIS Major International Business Economics EXPORTING VIETNAMESE RICE TO MALAYSIA author Vo Phuong Dung. In the context of global economic integration, the shipping of rice as well as agricultural products has become more easily facilitated (Distinction Degree)
FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY CAMPUS GRADUATION THESIS Major: International Business Economics EXPORTING VIETNAMESE RICE TO MALAYSIA AUTHOR: VÕ PHƯƠNG DUNG STUDENT ID: 1701015123 CLASS: K56CLC3 SUPERVISOR: KL309 PHD TRẦN QUỐC TRUNG Ho Chi Minh City, 2020 i FOREIGN TRADE UNIVERSITY SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM HO CHI MINH CITY CAMPUS Independence - Freedom - Happiness MIDTERM PROFESSIONAL REPORT REMARKS Student’s full name: Võ Phương Dung - Student code: 1701015123 Name of the report: Exporting Vietnamese rice to Malaysia Thesis code: KL309 Assessment of compliance with regulations, progress and work ethics (Maximum of 1.0 point, with one decimal number):…………………………………………………… Remarks (circle the appropriate one): The student has completed the report properly under the guidance of the supervisor The supervisor is responsible for the title, purpose, subjects, scope and research method(s), and chapters’ titles, and main headings of the report (3 digits): 0.8-1.0 point(s) The student has failed to carefully follow the supervisor’s instructions The supervisor is responsible for chapters’ titles, purpose, subject, scope and research method(s), and titles and main headings of the report (2 digits): 0.5-0.7 point(s) The student has failed to carefully follow the supervisor’s instructions The supervisor is not responsible for the report: 0.1-0.4 point(s) The student has totally failed to follow the supervisor’s instructions The supervisor rejects the submission of the report: point Ho Chi Minh City, … /… / Supervisor (Signature with full name) Note: This evaluation remark is enclosed with the report, right after the cover page The student must give this form to the supervisor for comments and scoring of his/her morale, attitude, and diligence and submit the report in accordance with the relevant notice ii iii STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgements in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Ho Chi Minh City, December 2020 Võ Phương Dung iv v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The graduation thesis has given me a lot of valuable knowledge and skills through the researching and analyzing of statistics Firstly, I would like to sincerely thank the Board of Directors of Foreign Trade University and International Business - Economics Faculty for their teaching and delivering valuable lessons in my major so that I can apply them into practice Secondly, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr Tran Quoc Trung for the dedicating support and guidance so that I could complete this report Despite many efforts having been put into this report, due to the limitation of time and knowledge, errors and shortcomings are unavoidable Therefore, I look forward to receiving your comments to improve this thesis further Ho Chi Minh City, December 2020 vi vii Table of content MIDTERM PROFESSIONAL REPORT REMARKS .i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .xi LIST OF FIGURE xii LIST OF TABLE xii INTRODUCTION CHAPTER THE NECESSITY OF PROMOTING VIETNAMESE RICE EXPORTS TO MALAYSIA 1.1 Potentials and roles of Malaysia to Vietnamese rice 1.1.1 Potentials of Malaysia to exporting activities of Vietnamese rice 1.1.2 Roles of Malaysia to the structure of exporting market of Vietnamese rice 11 1.2 Factors affecting rice export activities 12 1.2.1 Factors from the exporting country 12 1.2.2 Factors associated from the importing country 17 1.3 The necessity for promoting Vietnamese rice export to Malaysia 19 1.3.1 Advantages of Vietnam in manufacturing and exporting rice 19 1.3.2 Advantages from Vietnam – Malaysia trading relationship 21 1.3.3 Market diversification for rice exports 22 1.4 Experience from promoting rice exports from Thailand and lesson for Vietnam 23 1.4.1 Reasons for choosing Thailand 23 viii 1.4.2 Experience from promoting rice exports from Thailand 24 1.4.3 Lesson for Vietnam 25 Summary of chapter 1: 26 CHAPTER EXPORTING VIETNAMESE RICE TO MALAYSIA IN THE PERIOD 2014 – 2019 27 2.1 The current situation of Vietnamese rice export to Malaysia in the period 2014 – 2019 27 2.1.1 Volume and export turnover 27 2.1.2 Classification and structure of rice exports 32 2.1.3 Rice export prices 34 2.2 Analysis of factors affecting export activities of Vietnamese rice to Malaysia in the period of 2014 – 2019 37 2.2.1 Factors from Vietnam - the exporting country 37 2.2.2 Factors from the importing country 49 2.3 General assessment of the situation of Vietnamese rice export to Malaysia in the period 2014 – 2019 .55 2.3.1 Achievements .55 2.3.2 Limitations 56 Summary of chapter 2: 58 CHAPTER THE OUTLOOK, ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROMOTING RICE TO MALAYSIA IN THE PERIOD 2021 – 2025 3.1 59 The outlook of exporting rice of Vietnam to Malaysia from 2021 to 2025 .59 3.1.1 Opportunities 59 3.1.2 Challenges 60 72 First, strengthen the information works in foreign markets In particular, invest in advertising Vietnamese rice to Malaysian consumers through activities such as trial usage, discounts or PR To that, businesses must actively seek for partners as large agencies and wholesalers that can effectively reach the customers It is also possible to establish relationships with transnational corporations that are strong economic organizations with a wide range of operations, market understanding and large capital capacity to ensure a stable export market concentration Second, improve the quality of human resources performing trade promotion information work: Organize and participate in training courses, trade promotion information skills for trade promotion work and business jobs, organizations and individuals that have a need to meet practical requirements Third, increase the quality of trade fairs and exhibitions: the fairs and exhibitions need to be designed and decorated beautifully with its own identity This identity must evoke the subconscious of customers the image of a business full of potential in developing economic cooperation Besides, the communication and promotion at the fair must be invested in a methodical and professional manner Enterprises are required to have investment and preparation carefully from the stage of product samples to the display of information, especially the preparation of personnel to participate in the fair The selected Vietnamese rice export enterprises must be reputable ones and the goods must be of the same quality and of the best specifications 3.3.3.5 Take advantage of effective distribution channels Exporting Vietnamese rice through intermediaries of Malaysia is an effective yet risky way to promote rice brands However, for Vietnamese enterprises shipping products to Malaysia for the first time, it is considered the safest choice The important thing is how businesses can optimally exploiting this distribution channel, at the same time strengthen their internal resources and prevent dependence on intermediaries Accordingly, they are recommended to: First, the enterprises need to preliminary analysis and selection of the distribution channels Particularly, enterprises need to analyze the factors affecting its operations: market, product, enterprise, commercial intermediaries and the 73 marketing environment These can be done by the businesses human resources or outsourcing from professional agencies in Malaysia, which can come up with the most precise statistics Second, after analyzing the above mentioned factors and come up with ideas on the optimal type of distribution channel for the enterprises, they need to make accurate decision This decision can be based on references of their competitors’ choices, costs and benefits, ranking of selections The most important thing is to create a development plan for the distribution channel In particular, keep up with the market and competitors so that the businesses can continue to make an informed distribution decision as their market grows The enterprises also need to possess skills of designing and managing distribution channels to be effective ones In order to this, the businesses are recommended to invest in advanced and modern equipment as well as software that can help them cope with issues arising and make timely decision for their distribution lines Third, make as much trade relation as possible with other enterprises which have researched and invested in retailers as well as wholesalers in Malaysia The sharing experiences among them can help reduce the costs, enhance close cooperation and opportunities for the long-term business 3.3.3.6 Improve synchronization in logistics services The logistics services provided to Vietnamese rice export enterprises are evaluated as unprofessional due to the instability in the execution, storage, shipping lead-time, which cause high risk of late delivery The reason behind those is the unstable supply of raw material and export orders This results in the lack of specific reservation plans of entrepreneurs In order to remedy those, Vietnamese rice enterprises can take actions from the following recommendations: First, enterprises need to achieve long-term and stable orders from Malaysian importers by promoting their brands and reputation in Malaysia market For example, they can invest in constructing rice reserve system to meet export requirements and to prove that they have adequate capacity to supply sufficient and stable source of rice Also, a great number of enterprises have yet had qualified warehouse to preserve rice, which lead to poor sanitation conditions Meanwhile, the senior market have 74 requirements on not only the rice quality control in production but also the modern rice stockpile to supply consistent quality Therefore, it is necessary that Vietnamese rice entrepreneurs build systems in rice stockpiling to meet the standards of the import market Second, use professional forwarding services The rice exporters commonly have separate delivery departments which are in charge of local delivery or inbound supply chain However, these departments are hardly qualified to take the responsibilities of forwarding to foreign entities Thus, there need to be a professional agent that works for both local service provision and foreign services for Vietnamese rice export enterprises to join the global rice supply chain These forwarding services will ensure on-time delivery and highly qualified monitoring Third, adopt or build information technology system to coordinate the supply chain activities This also helps the entrepreneurs to control and regularly have a quick view of the system to make changes when necessary For example, applying electronic invoice for all supply chain services, including services banking and customs as well as tax declaration Although it may be a tough issue, it is highly profitable in the long-run 3.3.4 For farmers As a matter of the fact, most of rice growers and cultivators in Vietnam are small household farmers with limited sources of farming techniques, capital capacity and obsolete technologies These factors have a huge impact on the stability of the quality as well as the competitiveness of the rice export Therefore, integrating Vietnamese rice farmers as groups of solid producers is considered as an optimal solution to enhance financial and human resources, ensure proper cultivation techniques for high yield and quality as well as application of the latest science and technology in farming and processing of rice The link among farmers must be conducted synchronously in the national scope with the application of advanced technology to improve the quality, planting, fertilization, irrigation and harvesting The measures can be carried out as follows: First, the farmers are encouraged to accumulate and possess large areas of rice production through the purchase, hiring and linking among them in order to create a 75 model of “large field” It is suggested that one variety of rice be grown on each “large field” in order to totally concentrate in planting effectively and produce rice grains with stable quality The farmers are integrated based on the standard knowledge about rice cultivation so that the team can be specialized in rice farms Moreover, they are recommended to involve scientists in their process of rice cultivation in order to help them apply new scientific and technological achievements in farming and processing; guide them new and advanced techniques for high yield and quality; continue research for further measures to improve the quality of rice Second, after linking the land and human resources, farmers must continue to coordinate their financial as well as the support from the local funds These sources are consequently used during the investment in fertilizer, seeds and equipment 76 Summary of chapter 3: Based on the orientation and viewpoints analyzed, chapter aims to propose solutions to promote the export of Vietnamese rice export in the context of the global integration The finding of the resolutions can be considered the final goal of the thesis in general In particular, macro policy and regime solutions are recommended to emphasize the role of Vietnam’s government in reforming and implementing effective policies on rice production and export These regulations and policies act as the foundation for other conditions to affect the activities of Vietnamese enterprises They include the remedies in production planning, product quality emphasis and market Once they are solved, other micro matters can be easily solved In addition, the author give some suggestions for the enterprises in their production and exportation of rice to Malaysia market The suggestions mainly focus on the necessity of promoting Vietnamese rice brands in foreign markets through the help of trade promoting activities Nevertheless, the key factor still lies in the quality of products and solutions to maintain and increase it Lastly, Vietnamese farmers are recommended to seriously invest in the rice cultivation with larger scope All in all, the solutions mentioned above are relatively feasible since they are closely associated with the necessary conditions to implement and consistent with the development trend of current rice production and exportation, especially in the context of international integration in terms of economy 77 CONCLUSION Although Malaysia has long been one of the strategic objectives of expanding rice export market in Vietnam, it has yet fully exploited compared to its potential Therefore, research on the position of Vietnamese exported rice in Malaysia in current years and solutions proposal to promote the exports for the next period is considered as an urgent issue On that ground, “Exporting Vietnamese rice to Malaysia” has been carried out in order to clearly study as well as omit the obstacles and optimize the export ability to this market The situation of rice trading between the two countries in the period 2014 – 2019 has been carefully analyzed through the secondary data collected from international reports and statistics The results of the analysis have pointed out beneficial conditions and restrictions of the factors that have impacts on the performance of Vietnamese rice exports These evaluations act as a basis for the author to come up with solutions to promote the rice exports to Malaysia in the period 2021 – 2025 The proposals focus on three main issues: to promote and enhance performance of Vietnamese rice exports to Malaysia, improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese rice and enterprises in this market, and ensure exports resources The resolutions are recommend for the Government, businesses and farmers in Vietnam territory Within the 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Available at: [25 October 2020] ... PROMOTING VIETNAMESE RICE EXPORTS TO MALAYSIA 1.1 Potentials and roles of Malaysia to Vietnamese rice 1.1.1 Potentials of Malaysia to exporting activities of Vietnamese rice 1.1.2... PROMOTING VIETNAMESE RICE EXPORTS TO MALAYSIA 1.1 Potentials and roles of Malaysia to Vietnamese rice 1.1.1 Potentials of Malaysia to exporting activities of Vietnamese rice Malaysia a country... in Malaysia market Vietnamese rice price offered to Malaysian importers were the same as other foreign buyers in accordance with international prices As a consequence, rice export price to Malaysia