Practical Grammar pdf

: '# H EINLE . ( EN GA GE Lea rn ing· PRACTICAL · GRAMMAR David Riley and John Hughes • " m~ ~ nline with audio CDs Level 1 wWw.DienDanTiengAnh.Net Contents Introduction Units 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 am, is, are (to be) I'm from Brazil. to be (negative ) a/an + occupation . She isn 't a nurse. . to be (quest ions) . Are you eigh teen? am, is, are + adjective a/an or no art- icle They're expensive cars. Review of units 1 to 4 Pronunciation: contractions . Where is/ are ? Prepositions of place (in, on, ne xt to, under) Where are the car keys? They're on the table. There is/are Prepositions of place (in the corner, in the middle, in front of, behind) There's a table in the corner of the room. Is there ? Prepositions of place (opposite , in front of, between, behind) Is there a cash ma chine near here? Yes, it's opposite the cinema. There is/are + some/any Countable and uncountable nouns There's some milk in the fridge. Review of units 6 to 9 Pronunciation: is /a re have got . She's got dark hair. Possessive adjectives . Have you got your passpor t? this, that, these, those (demonstrative pronouns) The pronoun one Is this your coat? Possessive's and possessive pronouns whose It isn't Karen's mobile. It's mine. Review of units 11 to 14 Pronunciation: lsI or II I Present simple 1 Conjunctions: and/ but He works in a hospital and he lives in Lon- don. Present simple 2 Subject and object pro- nouns I don't like them. Adverbs of frequency . . I never go to the opera. Wh- questions . Where do tigers live? Review of units 16 to 19 Pronunciation: l sI, III or fIll p age 8 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 3 wWw.DienDanTiengAnh.Net Con t ents 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 4 can (ability) Ad verbs of manner . I can play the piano. can (offers and requests) Can I help you? / Can you help me? would like + noun (requests and offer s) . We 'd like a table for two. Imperative Turn left at the traffic lights. / Print this map. Review of units 21 to 24 Pron u nciation: strong and weak forms of can Comparatives . . My brother is older than me. Superlatives " . The blue whale is the loudest animal in the world. Adverbs . They play beautifully. . page 52 54 56 . 58 . 60 62 64 66 Comparative adverbs . . 68 Pierre starts work earlier than Paolo. Review of units 26 to 29 Pronunciation: sentence stress 70 Present continuous . . 72 They're playing chess. Present simple and present continuous State verbs . 74 I usually walk to work but today I'm taking a bus. Present continuous (for future arrangements) . 76 We 're playing tennis on Saturday afternoon. going to . I'm going to travel around the USA in August. Review of units 31 to 34 Pronunciation: contract ions ' ". was/were . I wasn't at home on Saturday. There was/were When I was a child, there was a park and a river here. could (past ability) When he was at school he couldn't read very welf. Could ? and Would you like ? (polite requests and offers) . Could you spell that? / Would you like to leave a message? Review of units 36 to 39 Pronunciation: strong and weak forms of was 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Past simple (regular verbs) I studied medicine for six years. Past simple (irregular verbs) We went to the beach on Saturday. did/didn't (negative and questions) They didn't get married. / Did you go to university? Past simple questions Obiect and subject questions Where did you study? / Who organised your accommodation? Review of units 41 to 44 Pronunc iat ion : syllables must/mustn't You must be home by ten-thirty. / You mustn't be late. have to, have got to, don't have to, must and mustn't You have to wash your hands. / You don't have to wear a uniform. should/shouldn't You should buy the red dress. had to / didn't have to (past obligation) I had to study for a Maths exam. Review of units 46 to 49 Pronunciation: n't Present perfect Have you cleaned the car? Present perfect with just, already and yet . She's just passed her driving test. / I've already tidied my room. / Have you talked to Mark yet? Present perfect with for and since How long ? . I've had this business for two years. Have you ever ? been and gone Have you ever been to the USA? Review of units 51 to 54 Pronunciation: have . Past continuous . Children were going to school. Past simple and past continuous while, when and suddenly f was waiting at the train station when I saw my brother. Conjunctions and, or, but, before, after, while, w hen, because and so . " After we reached Barcelona, we took a boat to Italy. used to . I used to have long hair. Review of units 56 to 59 Pronunciation: 151 or Izl page 92 94 96 98 100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 5 Contents 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 6 all, most, some, none Most of the students are European. any-, every-, no-, some-/ -thing, -where, -one, -body . Did anyone call for me while I was at lunch? both, neither and either . . . Neither of them is happy . much, many and a lot Countable and uncountable nouns . We haven't got much rice. Review of units 61 to 64 Pronunciation: of . a/an (indefinite article) I'm going to be a pop star. the (definite article) . . . The sun is at the centre of our solar system. a/an and the Can I borrow a pen? / Th e next football match is on the 25th. No article . Peruvians are friendly people . Revi ew of units 66 to 69 Pronunciation: the . will (for future and predictions) . There wilf be cities on the moon. will (for offers, promises and requests) . . I'll be there in twenty minutes. will and going to (for decisions) . . What are you going to have? I' m not sure. I think I'll have the fish. going to, will and the present continuous . . Review of units 71 to 74 Pronunciation: ' /I . Prepositions of time (in, on, at) . . . They're coming on Friday at 8.30 p.m. Prepositions of place . . . The bar is at the top of the stairs. Relative clauses 1 (who, which, that) . . I like films which make me laugh. Relative clauses 2 This is the woman (who) Jack was talking about. Review of units 76 to 79 Pronunciation: sentence stress page 132 . 134 . 136 . 138 . 140 142 144 . 146 . 148 . 150 . 152 . 154 . 156 . 158 160 . 162 164 . 166 168 170 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 If/When + present simple, present simple If a mosquito bites you, it's usualfy a female. . page 172 If/Unless + present simple, imperative If you hear the fire alarm, leave the building. If/When + present simple, will . If we go this way, we'll get to the campsite. If + present simple, modal verb . If the bus is late, you should take a taxi. Review of units 81 to 84 Pronunciation: intonation " -ed and -;n9 adjectives I was surprised. / We have 1,000 exciting new jobs. looks, sounds, tastes, smells and feels She looks young. / This tastes delicious. Order of adjectives . two small, old, English oil paintings Adjectives with prepositions I'm good at snowboarding. Sense verb + adjective . Review of units 86 to 89 Pronunciation: syllables and word stress Verb + to-infinitive I've decided to leave my job. Verb + -;n9/ -;n9 nouns I don't like driving at night. / Driving at night is dangerous. Verb + -;n9 or verb + to-infinitive? . I'd like to help old people and children. stop + -;n9 or stop + to-infinitive? . She's stopped feeling sick. / We've just stopped to have something to eat. Review of units 91 to 94 Pronunciation: intrusive Iwl . Verb + object + to-infinitive Tell Jim to photocopy this report. Infinitive of purpose . . . I'm going to Florida to meet some friends. The passive: present simple . Tea is served by the host. The passive: past simple The agent by . Cacao beans were used as a form of money. Review of units 96 to 99 Pronunciation: past participles Progress tests Appendices 1 Punctuation 2 Spelling rules 3 Ir regular ve rbs 4 Summary of main verb forms . Index . . 174 176 178 180 . 182 184 186 188 190 192 194 . 196 198 . 200 202 204 206 . 208 . 210 212 232 . 238 7 12 1 am, is, are (to be) Presentation Affirmative from Brazi l. ______ eighteen. mar ri ed. BACK Hello. I'm Ernesto. I'm from Brazil. I'm twenty-three and I'm single. from Brazil. eighteen. You're mar ri ed. We' re o Find fr i end Q. MORE CONTACT They're i:iIiI Use I'm, he's, you're for speaking. Key vocabulary Personal details: married, si ngle (= not married) Exercises 1 Match the sentences in the box to the pictures. a She's twenty-five. b He's fifty. c Sh@'s two. d They're sixteen. e He's twelve. 2 3 . . 4 . 5 2 Write sentences with the words in the box. Brazil Egypt Italy Japan Russia the USA 2 . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . 5 3 Put the words in order. Use contractions. are from Spain they Ih~yJr~fr()\Ao\$p"'i~, 2 are married we 3 am I from Russia 4 is single he 5 are twenty-one you 6 am I single 7 are from Japan they 8 is from she the UK 9 are from Poland we 10 are China from you 4 ceB Write sentences. Then listen and check. Andrea / Poland / 21 + single H . i . , . I'\Ao\A~4r~"',IJ\Ao\Jr()\Ao\P()I"'~4,I'\Ao\ tlill~~ty~()~~"'~AJJ\Ao\Si~SI~ , 2 Bruno / Germany / 32 + married 3 Marisol / Mexico / 18 + single 3 . 6 . 5 Complete sentences 1-4 for you and write sentences 5-8 for a friend. Use He and She . 2 3 4 I'm . . . . (name) I'm from . (country) I'm . . . (age) I'm . . . . . . . (married or single) 5 6 7 8 . . . . . . . (name) . . . . . . . . . . . . (country) . (age) . . . . . . . . . (married or single) 13 14 2 to be (negative) a/an + occupation She isn't Mexican. She's from Argentina. Presentation Negative he Mexican. she from Mexico. thirty-five. you married. we are not they a/an + occupation She isn't thirty-five. She's thirty. I'm not He isn't Mexican. She isn't from Mexico. You aren't thirty-five. married. We aren't They aren't Use a/an (indefinite article) with a person's occupation. • Use a before words that start with a consonant sound: a doctor, a teacher • Use an before words that start with a vowel sound: an artist, an engineer • Don't use a/an with plurals. Say doctors (don't say tl doctOls). She isn't married. She's single. She isn't a nurse. She's a doctor. iiI:i:I These negative forms are also possible: he's not, we're not . I'm You're He's She's We're You're They're a doctor. an artist. iiI:i:I Most plurals are formed by adding -s to the singular: doctors, teachers, artists, engineers . See page 233: Spelling rules Key vocabulary Occupations: artist, doctor, engineer, musician, nurse, student, teacher Exercises 1 Complete the sentences with a, an or " (no article). She's 0 doctor. 7 She isn't artist. 2 He's artist. 8 I'm not student. 3 They're engineers. 9 You aren't teacher. 4 I'm teacher. 10 He isn't engineer. 5 We're doctors. 11 They aren't nurses. 6 You're . . musician. 12 You aren't . artist. 2 Write negative sentences. 1 She's a doctor, not a nurse. 2 I'm a student, not a teacher. 3 You're an engineer, not an artist . 4 They're Polish, not Russian. 5 We're musicians, not engineers. 6 She's Japanese, not Chinese. 7 He's single, not married . 8 I'm twenty, not twenty-one. 9 She's an artist, not a musician. 10 They're from Brazil, not Peru. 11 We're teachers, not students. 12 She's twenty-eight, not twenty-nine. 3 Correct the sentences. Use the words in the box. Australia France 4AGia Peru the USA The Taj Mahal is in Pakistan. Ih~ . I% M~h.~.L.!s . l.:\lt.! . ~ . P~~ist.'-'l.:\.,.It.'S.jl.:\ I.~.4.i.~., . 2 The Statue of Liberty is in Canada . 3 Machu Picchu is in Mexico. 4 The Eiffel Tower is in Italy. 5 The Sydney Opera House is in the UK. 15 [...]... sentences Use the adjectives in the box cold hot Aungry thirsty tired 2 3 4 4 Correct the sentences John's happy 2 Sue's angry 3 Lee's unhappy 19 5 Review of units 1 to 4 Grammar 2 Is it a question or a statement? Add a question mark (?) or a full stop (.) 1 Look at the pictures and write sentences Is she English ? pronouns verbs It They 's 're big small expensive cheap... There isn't 7 4 There's orange There's coffee butter Look at the picture in exercise 3 again Write questions and answers coffee 2 biscuits 3 sugar 4 eggs 29 10 Review of units 6 to 9 2 Grammar Complete the table with the words in the box -apples bananas biscuits butter bread coffee eggs milk sugar 1 Look at the plan Complete the description with There's a, There isn't a or There are... This one's mine No, that's yours Yes, it's a Nikon 3 I think Tim's got my book Where is he? 6 Where is Tim's camera? It's in his bag 39 15 Review of units 11 to 14 4 Grammar Rewrite the sentences Use It's or They're and the words in the box 1 Choose the correct forms hers IE 2 I's got blue eyes got bl~ She hasn't got a motorbike I She haven't got a motorbike 3 Has . : '# H EINLE . ( EN GA GE Lea rn ing· PRACTICAL · GRAMMAR David Riley and John Hughes • " m~ ~ nline with. You're American. 3 . . . 19 20 5 Review of units 1 to 4 Grammar 1 Look at the pictures and write sentences. Use the words in the