DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SOCIAL ENTERPRISE IN THE MEKONG DELTA SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC PHD DISSERTATION

INTRODUCTION Significance of the research Social Entrepreneurship is the activity of an organization that created to implement a solution or a specific business plan to take to a specific social solutions for the members of that organization and community So that, social enterprises (SEs) include a variety of organizations oriented business without pursuing the ultimate goal to maximize profits for the owners The PhD student based on the agricultural problems of Mekong Delta select doctoral thesis: "Development of agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta" The thesis will analyse and appraise the role and functions of agricultural social enterprise to obtain the agricultural goals such as: economics, social and environment; determine the reason factors to affect the agricultural social development and propose solutions to promote the agricultural social development of the Mekong Delta Research Objectives Research find out the factors that affected on the development of agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta; which are the background to recommend for authorities and policy makers the dirctions and solutions to develop the agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta Which of them such as: create favorable conditions help social enterprises in the agricultural sector sustainable development by changing the perception of the society about the function and role of social enterprise; develop elements for production, consumption and market linkages between agricultural social enterprises that have the same product, as well as industry, traditional businesses and public areas Research subjects and research scope 3.1 Research subjects: The agricultural social enterprises (the Cooperatives and cooperative groups in agriculture) and the farmers are members of which organizations 3.2 - Research scope Research Contents: dissertation research focused on economic and social issues that relate to social enterprises and their members - Limited time: dissertation research from 2011 to 2014; almost data based on the period (2009 to 2013) - Limited space: the Mekong Delta under provincial administrative units including twelve provinces and one citie Research Methods The thesis is done under the scientific research methods such as: literature review, intergrated analysis, descriptive statistics, statistical comparisons, and the case study Scientific and practice of the dissertation Firstly, to establish a theoretical basis and define the role of social enterprises as the pioneers to the problems that the state and private sector had been ineffective or not implemented Secondly, to establish a theoretical basis for directing agricultural social enterprise development and identify major factorss affecting on the agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta Thirdly, analyze the current status operations of agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta; to find out the directions and solutions to develop them; and propose some recommendations to the objects such as administrations and and the organizations supporting social enterprise, the agricultural social enterprises and their member farmers CHAPTER OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1.1 Abroad research Leadbeater, C (1997) the social enterprise is the center of the three areas (public, private and voluntary) and were created at the intersection of them Bob Allan "Social Enterprise (2005) evaluated the performance of the UK social enterprise based on the satisfaction of consumers According to Bob, there are three opinions about how to develop good social enterprises and one of them is showing the general characteristics of social enterprises, such as business-oriented, social objectives and the rights of social property Frances Hines (2005) identified the challenges that social enterprises face to achieving the objectives (social, economics and environment) Kristen Reid, Jon Griffith (2006) he social enterprise, through this paper, is analyzed as an institution, in directions: social enterprise must be a collective or democratic pursuit, social enterprise is institutionally different from earlier mechanisms to usher in a ‘third way’, social enterprise is better than doing nothing Mike Bull, Helen Crompton (2006) The aim of the paper is to achieve two objectives, to develop a strategic understanding of social enterprise business practices and issues and to develop baseline information to develop a management tool based on the BSC (Balance Scorecard) framework, so it will provide a better understanding of social enterprise business practices and issues Mathew Todres, Nelarine Cornelius, Shaheena Janjuha-Jivraj, Adrian Woods (2006) The paper underlines the relation between capacity building and the emergence of social enterprise, based on the findings (through participant observation, questionnaires and focus-group data) of analyzing two emerging social enterprises within the WestFocus project There is created a comprehensive model for social enterprise development, that outlines the role of capabilities building Peredo, A & McLean, M (2006) Social enterprises with specific characteristics such as: (1) create social value, (2) take advantage of the opportunities available to create values; (3) create việ c based solutions make new discoveries are applied to many distribution or social value; (4) willing to accept a level of risk above the average in the creation and dissemination of social values, and (5) have extraordinary consistency with the scarce resources in the pursuit of reviews taking a great social risk Zia ul Islam (2007) identified social enterprises could be set up in urban slums through business between the sponsors of non-profit organizations and small businesses but have growth potential Maureen Royce (2007) analysis of factors affecting human resources in social enterprises, using a formal investigation, interviews Unstructured, case study Sinéad McBrearty (2007 which is the identification of the factors affecting the success and failure of voluntary organisations that apply the social enterprise model in achieving financial and social objectives, is based on the arguments that there is a lack in the topic literature and that the policy in adopting the concept of social enterprise is directed for the modernisation of the voluntary sector Mike Bull, Rory Ridley-Duff, Doug Foster, Pam Seanor (2010) The aim of this paper is to fill the gap related to the current conceptualisations of social enterprise, in the economic aspects of a business model and a frame reference on social capital perspectives An alternative conceptualisation in the field of social enterprise is the ethical capital Usha Ganesh (2013) suggested that the agricultural social enterprise in India to create economic value and social by eliminating inefficiencies in the agricultural value chain present and share these businesses out groups, including support for pre-harvest value chain; operations support post-harvest and participate in the value chain of dairy Eliada Griffin-EL (2014) point out the specific activity of the agricultural social enterprises in Kenya, such as providing services for production inputs including supplies, seed and production technology; market informations; development of rural infrastructure and post-harvest services Overall, the study abroad of social enterprises using new approaches and modern through surveys, reviews the operational capacity of the social enterprise, the legal framework for social enterprises and solution for comprehensive development on the criteria set out principles of social enterprises and also provides the community assessment the benefits of bringing social enterprises The approach has not been used to analyze for social enterprises in Vietnam 1.2.Domestic Research The study of social enterprises in Vietnam is limited because the social enterprises just introduced in 2008 There are some preliminary studies Center for Social Initiatives Promotion (CSIP-2011) focus on the status of social enterprises in Vietnam in two localities (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city) Nguyen Dinh Cung, et al (2012) mentioned about the concept of social enterprises in the world and Vietnam as well as analyze the actual situation and the overall context and make policy recommendations for the development of social enterprises in Vietnam, which was the original basis for advocacy development of social enterprises in Vietnam The authors of the national economics university (NEU) include: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh, Nguyen Thi Hoai Dung, Truong Duc Luc, Tran Thi Phuong Hien with the articles in the symposium proceedings "Social Enterprise Development through universities in Vietnam- challenges and opportunities" in April 2012 to focus on situation analysis and approach models to identify social entrepreneurs in Vietnam and propose solutions for social enterprises in general; that no directions for specific sectors Vu Thi Huynh Anh et al (2014) have analyzed preliminary Untapped market: social enterprises in the health and agriculture sectors inVietnam The author has analyzed the 06 preliminary typical agricultural social enterprises in Vietnam and thereby evaluate the potential of this type of business but untapped To Thien Hien (2002) analyze the actual operation of the cooperative agricultural production in An Giang with particular rice production services to farmers such as water pumps, drying, storage and on thereby offering solutions developed for these kinds of cooperation services Luong Xuan Quy (2005) analyzed the objectivity and the peculiarities of cooperation in agriculture; experience in organizing and managing the cooperative of some countries in the region and around the world and draw out the lessons for Vietnam Dang Kim Son and Nguyen Minh Tien (2012) analyze the activities of the system of cooperative associations in Taiwan as the lessons can be applied to the development of agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam Vo Hung Dung (2011) analyze the contribution of agriculture in GDP, the authors also point out the inadequacies of institutions - agricultural policy; irrationalities in prices and agricultural pricing policies in the products such as: rice, fish, fruit and the trend is linked in clusters and supply chain industry gradually formed is the foundation for agricultural enterprise development, linked to processing enterprises and export Among the domestic articles and studies , there are no specialized independent research for the agricultural social enterprises , which is only agricultural cooperatives The article related practical information about social enterprises in Vietnam through the comparison and compare them with the characteristics of social enterprises in the world so this study has certain limitations such as: - The approach: Although studies based on theory and model of social entrepreneurs developing nations of the world but when contact practice for Vietnam, only made the comment minded judge personal guess should ability to practical application in Vietnam will have a certain number of limitations that most authors not deepen the analysis - The data used in the analysis: The study analyzes only stop in perspective and compare identification, and by social enterprises in Vietnam is still relatively new to the data used in the report are mainly based on the survey results should CSIP is still on generic, not specific to each sector CHAPTER THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS ABOUT THE SOCIAL ENTERPRISE AND THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT 2.1 Social enterprise and the role of agricultural social enterprises 2.1.1 The concept of social entrepreneurship and the agricultural social enterprise - Social Entrepreneurship is the activity of an organization that created to implement a solution or a specific business plan to take to a specific social solutions for the members of that organization and community So that, social enterprises (SEs) include a variety of organizations oriented business without pursuing the ultimate goal to maximize profits for the owners This definition includes the cooperatives, credit unions, social supports - The agricultural social enterprises are understood as enterprises, cooperatives, cooperative groups operating in the agricultural sector, supply the input services or consultancy; technical assistance to the farmers; connected the households who have the same object to increase production for their members; conducted through specialization and mechanization; solve the problems such as: shortage labor, environment or pests that raise during the agricultural production; organized production to meet the safety standards of production and quality standards; find out the output for the products that their member produce The agricultural social entrepreneurs of Vietnam currently exist in the forms such as breeding centers, agricultural extension centers, cooperatives or cooperative organizations of agriculture - Agricultural social enterprise development is understood as the increase in number along with the improvement of the operational capacity of this type of enterprise The improvement of the operational capacity is shown in some contents, such as production capacity shown by the level of technology and qualified human resources; ability to participate in global production networks reflected the degree associated with suppliers and customers, as well as the relationship between supply and consumption of products 2.1.2 Typical characteristic of agricultural social entreprises - Must undertake business and production activities; - Social mission as to priority; - Redistribution of the profit; - Social ownership; - Meeting the needs of Bottom of Pyramid Group - Outstanding characteristics of social enterprises: bottom up approach/innitiatives, open and connected, leading role of social entrepreneurs 2.1.3 The role of social enterprises - Distribution services; - Fall in with social - Develop the civil society 2.1.4 Social enterprise in the relation with other organisations and social trends - Social enterprises in relations to None-government Organisation (NGO) and Charity Fund; - Social enterprises and CRS (Corporate Social Responsibilities) - Social Entreprise and Fair Trade 2.2 Orientation and factors affecting the development of social enterprises in the agricultural sector 2.2.1 Oriented for the agricultural social enterprise development The agricultural social enterprise development of Vietnam and the Mekong Delta is now based on the organizations of the rural economy to solve the agricultural problems and achieve the highest benefit for the participants as well as community 2.2.2 The basis for determining the factors affecting the agricultural social enterprisedevelopment - Legal form; - Trends of development; - Scale of business 2.2.3 Factors affecting the development of social enterprises - The impact of formal institutions: + Public spending is negatively related to social entrepreneurial activity; + Access to finance positively related to social entrepreneurial activity; + Governence affectiveness is negatively related to social entrepreneurial activity - The impact of informal institutions: + Social needs are positively related to social entrepreneurial activity; + Social attitude positively related to social entrepreneurial activity; + Education level is positively related to social entrepreneurial activity 2.2.4 The criteria for evaluating the performance of social enterprises include: the legal of enterprise; operational strategies; capacity of internal management; financial management and strategic diversification of financial resources; social impact and the environment; market; executive works; the satisfaction of their members 2.3 International Experiences to develop social enterprises ( The United State, Africa, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, India) The lessons Social enterprises in each country and region in the world appear and grow under the factors + The political environment: The role and affectiveness of government; + Regulatory environment: a flexible, receptive and testing for apply; + Social environment: related to economic and social problems; CHAPTER THE SITUATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIAL ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT IN THE MEKONG DELTA 3.1 Overview of social enterprise 3.1.1 Natural conditions, economic, and infrastructure of the Mekong Delta 3.1.2 The development of social enterprises in Vietnam - Before Innovation (1986): social enterprises associated with collective ownership and operate in the form of Cooperative serving the needs of vulnerable /disadvantaged communities; - From 1986-2010: social enterprises associated closely with NGOs and funding mainly from foreign organizations; - Now, since Vietnam became a middle income country, social enterprises have operated according to market principles; shifting funds from external financing to income from business activities 3.1.3 The development of social enterprises in agriculture 3.1.4 Factors affecting the development of agricultural social enterprises - Public sector: strong support and government subsidy policy in inputs supply for the poor and farmers in the extremely difficult areas has left few economic opportunities for enterprises with strong social missions - Private sector: There is a little direct technical and financial investment by the private sector in the production of low-income farmers - Non-governmental organisations and international donors: Capacity building for both local government officers and groups of farmers, introduction of sustainable production models, and innovative approaches to link farmers with companies, are typical types of assistance that NGOs and donors provide in order for farmers, especially poor farmers, to improve the productivity and to increase the value added to products - The social enterprise: few SEs are operating on small-scale infrastructure services for agriculture and micro credit with effective business models, as the involvement of government in those services remains predominant 3.2 Current situation of the agricultural social enterprises in Mekong Delta 3.2.1 Overview of social enterprises in the agriculture sector in Mekong Delta - History of social enterprise development in agriculture - Business models: + Social Enterprise services: Services for almost pre-harvest activities, and post-harvest services; + Social enterprises combining production and services; + Social entreprise produce agriculture 3.2.2 Current situation of social enterprises in the agricultural sector in the Mekong Delta through survey results - Brief description of the surveyed enterprises With 27 surveyed enterprises in the Mekong Delta provinces is classified by the kinds of products: 14 enterprises produce commercial rice, seed rice and vegetables; enterprises produce fruit trees and seed tree; enterprises stock aquaproduct (2 enterprises stock brackish shrimp and enterprise stock catfish); enterprise culture livestock (dairy) There are 11 enterprises now has its own office, the remaining 16 enterprises have no specific work location - The activities of the enterprises; + Services provide materials and seed to produce; + Support members in selling products; + Creat jobs for member workers’; + Orientation for planing development: change the subject, or the structure of production, find out markets for members, receive new members; + To receive the support of the specialized agencies and the policies of the government in developing capacity for enterprise such as: legal procedures for investment and business registration, training to improve the capacity of enterprises, access to investment loans for production and business development, vocational training for employees of enterprises, improve production techniques, creating conditions for the development of the material and plans materials developed for local area, to create the brand and market expansion, safe production and apply the VietGAP standards; Cấu trúc pháp lý Chiến lược Điều hành hoạt động Năng lực Marketing quản lý nội… Tác động xã Quản lý tài Image The results of assessment of business activities through criteria hội mơi… Level assessment scale from to (with a score of that enterprise don’t know Chiến lược about it, score that enterprise had known it đa but not implemented, score that dạng … enterprise are implemented less than 25%, has launched and carried approximately 50%, has launched and implemented relatively complete and accurate) Through the diagram above, there are some enterprises pretty good action now but almost enterprises not have specific activities should be valid = With an average score for the overall assessment criteria of 27 enterprises were achieved at less than points (the maximum is 4) to the performance of these enterprises are quite lower compared with the criteria evaluation of the Centre's Social Enterprise UK community 3.2.3 Current situation of production and the welfare of the farmers are members of the Enterprises + Brief information about member producers: Table Brief description of surveyed households Number of Characteristics of households households observed Lowest Highest Average No years attend the Enterprise 57 36 7.67 No years to product agriculture 57 40 15.23 No member of households 57 3.84 No employees in households 57 2.81 No labor in agri and enterp 57 2.26 No labor out and enterp 57 0.54 No member dependents 57 1.04 The oldest age of labor in agri and enterp 57 29 65 57.88 The lowest age of labor in agri and enterp 57 18 62 42.79 The oldest age of households 57 29 95 57.31 The lowest age of the households 57 60 24.31 Source: The survey of author 12/2013 - Considering the age group of agricultural workers in household that related to enterprises, the average fluctuation of the youngest group and the oldest in the range (42.79 to 57.88 olds), reflecting the older in the workforce that the problem in the future when the labor force in the agricultural sector is too old - The household resources: including land, labor, capital and knowledge to serve for the production of household + Land: The area of land / surface water of the average farming household is 9.870 m2 (maximum 27.000m2 and minimum 1.000m2) + Labor: Among the surveyed households , there are 46/57 household hire workers + Capital: capital of producers come from: equity, borrow relatives, external borrowing (loan market), capital contribution by partnerships, loans from official sources (banks Commerce and banking policies, national employment fund, fund poor women ), debt from agencies or the company providing materials and breedings About 31/57 loan or debt households in years serving for production or consumption with the average amount of 96.38 million / household (lowest million and the highest was 800 million) + Agricultural knowledge: from cumulative experience in producing (57/57 households); from other producers who produce the same object (48/57 households); from agricultural extension activities (47/57 households), while official sources such as vocational training or books is very limited + Product Consumption and Market Access Customers consume the products of households such as: Traders, purchasing establishments, cooperatives, consumers, linking the chain of value + The way to look for the buyers: The households themselves, the buyers look for, cooperatives introduced, neighbors introduced, previous acquaintance, or linking the chain of value When compared between the ratio income and expenses, the livestock groups get the low ratio (from 1.20 to 2); while cultivation groups get higher ratio (from 1.38 to 6.67) Table 3.2 Income and the income resourses of households Income and resourses Number Lowest The highest Average attended (mil.VND) (mil.VND) (mil.VND) Income 57 20,00 3000.00 377.16 - Income from cultivating 48 5.00 1,200.00 258.73 - Income from raising 12 20,00 3000.00 661.33 - Income from salary 24.00 80.00 53.00 - Income from business 10,00 360.00 100.00 - Revenue from outsourcing 220.00 220.00 220.00 - Income from pension 3.00 30,00 13.13 Number of household income resourses 57 1.33 Source : The survey of author - 12/2013 - The households receive the supports from enterprise activities Table 3 The households receive the supports from enterprises No of Rate (%) households receiving The receptions 53 92.98 The number of households receiving assistance 40 70.18 - Technical assistance 32 56.14 - Product consumption 31 54.39 - apply producing VietGAP standards 30 52.63 - supply materials and seed 27 47.37 - To exchange experiences outside 19 33,33 - Sale of products by contract with others company 14.04 - Create jobs for their family 8.77 - Support for semi-processed products 5.26 - Access to the market (fairs, exhibitions) 5.26 - Increate Income and benefits 5.26 - Improve the product value Source : survey of author - 12/2013 Table 3.4 Satisfaction levels of household members from the operations of enterprises The levels of enterprise activities - Participation in the general activities - Creating brand products - Members have the same opportunities to enter - There is transparency in all activities No of households Rate attended (%) 52 91.23 52 91.23 52 48 91.23 84.21 Average Score 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.7 48 - Price products fairly high and stable - Participate in building of business plans 52 84.21 91.23 2.6 2.8 Source : Survey of author - 12/2013 When grouped under score to assess the level of enterprise activities, the rate of dissatisfaction is still high (26.4% - 45.8%) representing the operation of the enterprises has not achieved as expected from their members 3.3 Analysis of factors affecting on the agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta The favorable conditions and opportunities - The mekong delta has an ecosystem diversity: salty, brackish, fresh water, according to the small and dispersed producers as a condition for social enterprise development as an associate and coordinating for producing; - The attention of the government and foreign investors in the promulgation and implementation of agricultural policies, funding and investment; - The requirements of the market for quality agricultural products such as origin, brand, trademark and the quality certification standards; - Linking to create higher advantages in agricultural production: linking to create a large output of goods, engaging in commodity value chain; - The appearing of the organizations to support the social enterprise such as: CSIP, Spark, LIN with their activities: detection; incubators and training capacity for social enterprises; - Trends of deduced international aids to Vietnam: The sources of official financing and private ODA started to decline from 2010, and Social Enterprises can become an alternative model for NGO projects in Viet Nam; - Trend of greening and organic production in agriculture, is the world's community focused on renovating the soil fertility; reducing disease; limiting the chemicals, food safety and safe production needs the entry of all comunities; - The demand for establish material areas of agribusiness companies to meet traceability of origin to promote them linking with producers through agricultural social enterprises that prepresented for their members; - The social economy (economic interdependence) is the social forum concerned; and The government’ policies such as: agricultural development, farmers and rural areas is being implemented with the initial success, according to the Enterprise Law will be implemented from July 1, 2015 is a good opportunity for the agricultural social enterprises increasing their speeds The difficulties and challenges - Awareness of social enterprises is limited: in the mindset of the majority of people are skeptical about this kind of old-style cooperatives; some still rely on state aid or aid programs; - Lack of agricultural markets to consume the security products due to the enterprises lacking of ditribution and consumption chanels; - The position of social enterprises is lower than traditional enterprises: No legal framwork for social enterprises; and most of them are small scale;; so that They must depend on the traditional entreprises in exclusive sale and purchase; - Difficulty in the operating and developing social enterprises: lack of address for transaction, most of enterprises get part-time managers and lack of specialized parts; - Lack of capital and limited capility in acessing financial resources: social enterprises are quite young, the initial capital should limit that the problems to obstruct them to access loans from credit institutions; - Lack of legal framework: Whether enterprises law amending in 2014 reference the social enterprises in the tenth article but it must have specific guidelines and the lag to implement; - Low quality of leadership and human resourses: the number of cooperatives and cooperative groups in the Mekong Delta is much rather ( in the year 2013, with 1,010 cooperatives and 19,863 cooperative groups in the agriculture) that can convert to social enterprises However, the foundation and operating are highly bureaucratic and direct orders of government at all levels, as well as advisory and financing from programs and projects aids; - Receive policies support on young employee to participate in the management and administration of the agricultural social enterprise; - Against to the uncertainties and risks: agricultural products face to the problems such as disease and degraded that cause the less sustainable brand - The members are still distrusful and unfaithful: the principled and compliance of farmers is not good; most of them break ot the legal of enterprises; - Lack of jobs for workers after harvest and redundant from the agricultural mechanization CHAPTER OPINIONS AND DIRECTIONS TO PROMOTE THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIAL ENTERPRISE IN THE MEKONG DELTA 4.1 Opinions, directions and construction solutions to developed the agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta up to 2020 4.1.1 The opinions to promote the agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta 2020 - The agricultural social enterprise development is an important task for economic development and society in the rural areas - The agricultural social enterprise development should be based on the efforts of the enterprises and the participants combined with support from the State and Nonegovernment organizations - The agricultural social enterprise development must connect with other relevant sectors - The agricultural social enterprise development accelerates the process of industrialization and modernization 4.1.2 Directions to promote the agricultural social enterprises development in the Mekong Delta 2020 - Participate in the supply of inputs such as materials, seed, fuel with stable quality and competitive price; - Provision of the mechanization services in the production process and the irrigation systems in small scale; - Provide extension services to farmers to increase agricultural value, ensuring production safety and food hygiene, participated in some stages of post-harvest as preliminary processing and storage of agricultural products and creating linkages to the markets for the farmers; - Participate in the processing, waste management in agricultural production that create the organic fertilizers, or the condition to culture mushrooms to reduce waste gases and the chemical fertilizers; - Engaged in the provision of services to other businesses in other industries such as travel services, tours, festivals 4.2 The major solutions to promote the agricultural social enterprise development in the mekong Delta 4.2.1 Solutions related awareness innovation, perfect the environmental legal for the agricultural social enterprises 4.2.2 Solutions related to mechanisms and policies to support and stimulate the agricultural social enterprises such as - Policies to support capital, preferential credit and insurance for social entrepreneurs and agricultural producers should focus on solving difficulties of the enterprises themselves and the agricultural producers - The extension agricultural policies must innovate to attract the private sector and the third sector participation to create the new factors that the public areas innovate and improve their activities - Science and technology policies in agriculture must focus on investment and encourage research to support the production, processing and storage of the agricultural products - Policies and solutions in human resources should focus on human groups follows: + Force management and corporate governance: need the linkage among training institutions, the local agricultural authorities and the agricultural social enterprises to establish the short training programs for this kind labour, retraining for employee who got degrees and unemployment with the knowledge of agriculture and agricultural business management; skills in community work; guide them to participate in the value chain of agricultural products with practical policies to attract the first time for them to have self-employment opportunities and job According to the General Statistics Office and the International Labour Organisation (ILO), in the end of the first quarter of 2014 there were 162.4 thousand people have college degrees or above and 71.1 thousand people have college degrees being unemployed creation Besides, the training institutions should study included subjects of social enterprises in the training programs at the level college and university in economic major to oriented for the learners to become as a social entrepreneur + Direct labor of households: must build plan to train them about technique for their objects; guiding them apply the VietGap standards, how to keep safety in production; primary processing and storage of agricultural products + Advanced production households, pioneer: must have policies to support, replication of advanced models, to create the chance for them share their success to other producers , organizate the sightseeing trips, exchange for them to contact with models both domestic and abroad + Depend on the external human resources: must have the special policies to attract to the leading experts in consulting, technology transfer production to households 4.2.3 The solution of developing internal resources of the agricultural social enterprises - Capital Solutions: Enterprises need to exploit and take advantage of the capital to serve the enterprise's activity and improve the capacity of competitive enterprise from other funds such as: the state budget, from its capital activities and the programs of None-govermental organizations, approach them in actively and flexibly, and use them most effectively for each stage of enterprises development - Solutions to improve product quality: The agricultural enterprises and households must quickly approach the informations, the tastes and demand of the market to adjust the cultivated crops and domestic animals , improve quality and reduce product costs through using new seed and breed that reduce the period and get high yields, apply rotation and intercropping to prevent diseases and degenerative breed On the other hand, they must use the preservation and processing process for post-harvest to extense the storekeeping and increate the value of agricultural products - Market Solutions: The agricultural enterprises and households must build the value chains and decrease intermediaries to reduce the costs and improve the value of agricultural products + The agricultural social enterprises must take advantage of the support programs of the State and non-governmental organizations to help them access the market through fairs or local + Creating connections and clues between business groups that have the same product in the region or the country to share information about the production schedule, price trends to make recommendations for enterprises to build production planning for the next crops that respond to the maket trends - Solutions to increase incomes and create jobs for the farm workers: The agricultural social enterprises gather the members to adjust the schedual for each them that avoid the the seasonal problems and create the jobs for the specialized service groups; to use the waste material of agricultural products producing organic fertilizers or the medium to culture mushroom; to connect with the handicraft companies as a agency to receive materials of the ccompanies deliver to households outwork ; the sightseeing development, tourism and supply the materials for decorative festivals CONCLUDE The agricultural Social enterprises in the Mekong Delta had established for a long time, their predecessors were the form of mutual assistance among agricultural producers together in the cultivation, harvesting by linking some neighboring households They were developed and managed by the State through agricultural cooperatives in the period (1978 – 1986) After the innovation, they were known known as cooperatives and cooperative groups of agricultural production They play an important role in the production and consumption of agricultural commodities for households Although social enterprises were defined in the tenth of Article of the Enterprise Law in 2014, they have existed under the legal form as cooperatives, cooperative groups or center and the Social enterprises have been attracting the attention of researchers and civil society organizations in foreign and domestic country To date, there have been initial researchs on social enterprises in Vietnam but there have no studies on the agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta The results of the dissertation shows the role of the agricultural social enterprises in the mekong delta in solving social and environmental issues of agricultural region So that, The development and the restructured agricultural policies should be a priority and create favorable conditions for agricultural social enterprise development (The agricultural social enterprise are partner of the Government and the donors to receive the supports from them to the agricultural sector and farmers) The solutions such as: awareness innovative, improving policies for agricultural social enterprises will create favorable conditions for the agricultural social enterprise in the Mekong Delta will rapidly develop and contribute to the agriculture more faster and sustainable in growth However, because of some the difficulties that the dissertation can not avoid the limitation The study was conducted in 27 social enterprises and 57 farmers that the members among 27 social entreprises The agricultural social enterprises which were selected have the specific activities and more outstanding than other enterprises And these characteristics maybe affect the generalizability of the results Moreover, social enterprises is a new concept and lack of document, and there are no organizations manage the social enterprises in Vietnam These problems have caused difficulties for the author to look for the document and market analysis Besides, the thesis mentioned common denominator for the development of social enterprises in agriculture, not giving orientation for each agricultural product Therefore, further research of agricultural social enterprises in the in the Mekong Delta is focused on each kind of plant or animal of the area, in order to measure the impact of these factors and find out the orientations and solutions for the following years Finally, fellows are looking forward to receiving the feedbacks from other researchers to improve this dissertation ... studies on the agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta The results of the dissertation shows the role of the agricultural social enterprises in the mekong delta in solving social and... developed the agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta up to 2020 4.1.1 The opinions to promote the agricultural social enterprises in the Mekong Delta 2020 - The agricultural social enterprise. .. each agricultural product Therefore, further research of agricultural social enterprises in the in the Mekong Delta is focused on each kind of plant or animal of the area, in order to measure the