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2.1. Theoretical background on new rural construction 2.1.1. Concepts 2.1.2. The role of constructing new rural models 2.1.3. Criteria for constructing new rural 2.2. Practical background on the construction of new rural 2.2.1. New rural model in China From 2011 up to now, the number of specialized cooperatives and associations in rural areas has also continuously increased; the implementation of the goal of “one commune, one enterprise, one town, one product” has achieved significant progress; the agricultural economic structure was transformed in a positive direction, agricultural economic efficiency and farmers income both increased. Income from the service industry has become one of the three main sources of income for farmers in many localities. Implementing the policy of rural labor mobility, the Chinese Government has conducted vocational training for 50 million farmers. Besides, the authorities in many localities also actively established and operated the public service network on labor and employment, wellperformed the work of guiding, managing, and serving labor and employment; strengthened cooperation with vocational training units and employers; contributed to increasing the proportion of service workers in rural China. The fields of commerce, circulation of goods, and tourism in rural areas have made important developments. Drawing lessons from developed countries, Vietnam needs to focus on investing in rural areas to change the face of the countryside and make agriculture grow towards modernization. Figure 2: New rural in China 2.2.2. New rural model in Vietnam The new rural construction movement has had a new development, has become a general and widespread movement to all localities in the country since the Government held a national conference on new rural construction and officially launched the emulation movement: The whole country joins hands to build new countryside. Period 2016 2019: As of September 2019, the total mobilized resources for the implementation of the program is about VND 1,567,091 billion, including Central budget capital: VND 37,900 billion (2.4%), of which: development investment capital is 27,960 billion VND, nonbusiness capital is 9,940 billion VND. Direct local counterpart budget capital: 182,724 billion VND (11.7%). Integrated capital from the National Target Program on Sustainable Poverty Reduction and other programs and projects implemented in rural areas: VND 182,709 billion (11.7%). Credit capital: 958,859 billion VND (61.2%). Enterprise capital: VND 76,411 billion (4.9%) and Mobilized capital from people and community contributions: VND 128,488 billion (6.2%). In the past nine years, the whole country has mobilized 2,418,471 billion VND (equivalent to about 110 billion USD). In which, the state budgets at all levels directly support the program at 319,289 billion VND (about 35.9 billion VNDcommune on average for nine years), accounting for 13.2%; mainly the local budget at all levels (264,988 billion, accounting for 83% of the total state budget directly supported), the central budget is 54,300 billion (accounting for 17% of the state budget at all levels). State budgets directly support new rural areas with significant differences between regions. Based on the average state budget direct support, the Southeast has the highest with 145 billion VNDcommune, the Red River Delta North Central region with 80.5 billion VNDcommune, the Mekong River Delta about 80.5 billion VNDcommune. 28 billion VNDcommune, the South Central Coast and Central Highlands is 22 billion VNDcommune and the lowest in the Northern Mountains with 18 billion VNDcommune. Total the two phases, the total resources mobilized for implementing the National Target Program on New Rural Development in the 2016 2019 period increased by 1.84 times compared to the 2010 2015 period.
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT - - INTERNSHIP REPORT EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION IN HOA TIEN COMMUNE, HUNG HA DISTRICT, THAI BINH PROVINCE HANOI, 2021 Contents ASSURANCE I declare that I carried out this internship report independently, and only with the cited sources, literature and other professional sources I declare that all help in preparing this internship report has been received, and the sources of information cited in this thesis have been acknowledged ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I TABLES Table 1: Land use situation of Hoa Tien commune in 2019………………14 Table 2: Change in labor of the commune over years 2019-2021………15 Table 1: Priority level for development activities to 2020 of Hoa Tien Commune ………………………………………………………………… 19 Table 2: Goals of constructing a new rural area in Hoa Tien commune… 21 Table 3: Economic situation of Hoa Tien commune in 2017-2020 ….… 22 Table 4: The impact of the new rural model on economic development….25 Table 5: The SWOT tool analyzes opportunities and challenges in new rural construction………………………………………………………………….28 III FIGURE IV CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 The urgency of the subject 1.2 Objectives 1.2.1 General Objective 1.2.2 Specific Objective 1.3 Object and scope of the study 1.3.1 Object of the study 1.3.2 Research scope - About space: Hoa Tien commune, Hung Ha district, Thai Binh province - About time: + Data are taken in years 2015-2020 + Time to implement the topic 11/2021 - 1/2021 1.4 Research content 1.5 Research Methods 1.5.1 Investigation of data collection - Collect secondary data: Through documents, synthetic reports, and commune statistics with documents such as natural conditions, population, the socio-economic and cultural culture of the commune - Collecting primary data: Investigation of interviews collected in Hoa Tien communes of Hung Ha district, Thai Binh province with rapid interviews with people on the process of new rural construction Meet local officials exchanged in the general situation of the commune With local officials with expertise, consult with several indigenous people with experience in production to assess the implementation of the new local rural program 1.5.2 Methods of data analysis - Descriptive statistics method: Describe the most prominent, most minor indicators, total, average numbers, proportions, volume, time for the implementation of new rural criteria of the commune - Comparative statistics method: comparing and comparing between years, before and after building a new rural model in the commune Thereby we see differences and effectiveness when applying a new rural model - Methods of synthesis and analysis of data: Data processing by Excel then analyzes and evaluates the implementation of local implementation CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ON NEW RURAL CONSTRUCTION 2.1 Theoretical background on new rural construction 2.1.1 Concepts 2.1.2 The role of constructing new rural models 2.1.3 Criteria for constructing new rural 2.2 Practical background on the construction of new rural 2.2.1 New rural model in China From 2011 up to now, the number of specialized cooperatives and associations in rural areas has also continuously increased; the implementation of the goal of “one commune, one enterprise, one town, one product” has achieved significant progress; the agricultural economic structure was transformed in a positive direction, agricultural economic efficiency and farmers' income both increased Income from the service industry has become one of the three main sources of income for farmers in many localities Implementing the policy of rural labor mobility, the Chinese Government has conducted vocational training for 50 million farmers Besides, the authorities in many localities also actively established and operated the public service network on labor and employment, wellperformed the work of guiding, managing, and serving labor and employment; strengthened cooperation with vocational training units and employers; contributed to increasing the proportion of service workers in rural China The fields of commerce, circulation of goods, and tourism in rural areas have made important developments Drawing lessons from developed countries, Vietnam needs to focus on investing in rural areas to change the face of the countryside and make agriculture grow towards modernization Figure 1: New rural in China 2.2.2 New rural model in Vietnam The new rural construction movement has had a new development, has become a general and widespread movement to all localities in the country since the Government held a national conference on new rural construction and officially launched the emulation movement: "The whole country joins hands to build new countryside." Period 2016 - 2019: As of September 2019, the total mobilized resources for the implementation of the program is about VND 1,567,091 billion, including Central budget capital: VND 37,900 billion (2.4%), of which: development investment capital is 27,960 billion VND, non-business capital is 9,940 billion VND Direct local counterpart budget capital: 182,724 billion VND (11.7%) Integrated capital from the National Target Program on Sustainable Poverty Reduction and other programs and projects implemented in rural areas: VND 182,709 billion (11.7%) Credit capital: 958,859 billion VND (61.2%) Enterprise capital: VND 76,411 billion (4.9%) and Mobilized capital from people and community contributions: VND 128,488 billion (6.2%) In the past nine years, the whole country has mobilized 2,418,471 billion VND (equivalent to about 110 billion USD) In which, the state budgets at all levels directly support the program at 319,289 billion VND (about 35.9 billion VND/commune on average for nine years), accounting for 13.2%; mainly the local budget at all levels (264,988 billion, accounting for 83% of the total state budget directly supported), the central budget is 54,300 billion (accounting for 17% of the state budget at all levels) State budgets directly support new rural areas with significant differences between regions Based on the average state budget direct support, the Southeast has the highest with 145 billion VND/commune, the Red River Delta - North Central region with 80.5 billion VND/commune, the Mekong River Delta about 80.5 billion VND/commune 28 billion VND/commune, the South Central Coast and Central Highlands is 22 billion VND/commune and the lowest in the Northern Mountains with 18 billion VND/commune Total the two phases, the total resources mobilized for implementing the National Target Program on New Rural Development in the 2016 - 2019 period increased by 1.84 times compared to the 2010 - 2015 period 2.3 Related researches - Resolution No 26/TW dated August 5, 2008 of the Central Committee of the Party (Term X) on "Agriculture, farmers, rural areas." - Decision No 491/QD-TTg dated April 16, 2009 of the Prime Minister promulgating the national set of criteria for new rural construction - Resolution of the 19th Thai Binh Provincial Party Congress for the 20162020 term - Decision No 1980/QD-TTg dated October 17, 2016 of the Prime Minister 10 CHAPTER IV: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Situation of new rural construction in Hoa Tien commune 4.1.1 Activities to promote development goals to 2020 of Hoa Tien commune With comprehensive human development, raising people's intellectual level is today's urgent issue With a degree, people can access modern scientific and technological advances, human civilization and improve their lives Therefore, we need to pay special attention to the education of children Health care is also critical It is essential to pay attention to periodic health checks and to have reasonable support policies for families with meritorious services to the revolution and difficult circumstances so that everyone can enjoy the benefits of health care live a happy and prosperous life People want to have a prosperous and happy life, and everyone enjoys the same social welfare Implementing the guidelines and policies of the State, the commune leadership, together with the people, have set out the activities and development goals until 2020 of the commune, which is shown in the following table: 16 Table 1: Priority level for development activities to 2020 of Hoa Tien Commune Tt ưu tiên Goals Level Level Level Level Human Development Improve the qualifications Caring for policy families Care for the poor Organization Development Development of Farmer Association Economics Development Traditional industry development Primary health care Improve qualifications for cadres Put new varieties into production Upgrading and repairing schools Fortify canals and in-field traffic Repairing temples Labor export Infrastructure development Concrete roads Building a cultural house Social culture, Environmental development Construction of community activities Historic preservation Expand and strengthen branches Improve people's living standards Improve irrigation system Build septic toilets Construction of a clean water supply system Source: Ban quản lý dự án xây dựng NTM xã Hòa Tiến 17 Level Improve the street light system Establish a garbage collection team Economic development: Hoa Tien commune is a purely agricultural commune; to make full use of labor in leisure time, improve people's income, the commune encourages the development of secondary industries, such as carpentry, sewing, and handicrafts In terms of infrastructure development: Making concrete roads, solidifying canals, and in-field traffic is an urgent issue that needs to be done to serve travel and transport more conveniently Socio-environmental development: The ecological environment is adversely affected, which tends to increase, especially soil pollution, water pollution due to industrial wastewater sources, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides The current state of environmental pollution has been affecting people's health 4.1.2 Evaluation of the level of achievement of new rural areas in Hoa Tien commune To successfully build a new rural model must meet 19 criteria according to the national set of standards set by the Prime Minister Currently, Hoa Tien commune has given several results after the implementation, demonstrating the determination and solidarity of the Government Party Committee and the people in making efforts to build a new rural model successfully According to a recent survey, assessed according to the national criteria, the results show that Hoa Tien commune has achieved 19/19 standards After issuing a thematic resolution on leading, directing, and organizing the implementation of the policy of building a new rural area, the Party Committee of Hoa Tien commune has propagated to all people in the commune the guidelines and policies of the Party and State about the model of new rural construction in the commune 18 Table 2: Goals of constructing a new rural area in Hoa Tien commune TT Criteria I II III 10 11 12 13 IV 14 15 16 17 V 18 19 2015 2017 2018 Achieved Năm 2020 Planning and implementation Planning Pass Pass Pass Pass Socio-economic infrastructure Traffic Basic reach Basic reach Pass Pass Irrigation Basic reach Basic reach Basic reach Pass Electricity Pass Pass Pass Pass Schools Basic reach Pass Pass Pass Cultural facilities Basic reach Pass Pass Pass Rural market Basic reach Pass Pass Pass Post office Basic reach Pass Pass Pass Residential housing Basic reach Pass Pass Pass Economy and organiz of production Income Basic reach Basic reach Pass Pass Poverty hhs rate Basic reach Basic reach Pass Pass Labor structure Basic reach Pass Pass Pass Organizational form of production Pass Pass Pass Pass Environmental culture Education Basic reach Pass Pass Pass Medical Basic reach Pass Pass Pass Cultural Basic reach Pass Pass Pass Environment Basic reach Basic reach Pass Pass Political system Strong social work organization system Pass Pass Pass Pass Social Security and order Pass Pass Pass Pass Source: Ban quản lý dự án xây dựng NTM xã Hòa Tiến With the motto: "The State and the people work together," the villages in the commune have actively promoted their internal resources through the 19 following forms: mobilizing people to contribute funding, labor, auctioning land use rights, ponds To get capital to build works In addition, the District Chamber of Industry and Trade regularly sends staff to the grassroots to help from project formulation, design to construction supervision, thus reducing a lot of costs Localities hire all construction routes to consult and supervise in conjunction with community monitoring teams, so the quality of the works is guaranteed, creating excitement and consensus among the people Table Economic situation of Hoa Tien commune in 2017-2020 Production value Agricultural production industrial – handicrafts, construction Commercial products and services 2017 2018 2019 2020 203,725 210,463 214,675 219,870 72,997 74,822 75,687 76,954 87,548 89,218 91,324 94,544 43,180 46,423 47,664 48,371 Source: Hoa Tien Commune Statistical Report Irrigation: Consolidating and exchanging plots and redistributing fields to the people In addition to adding more copper roads to facilitate traffic, at the same time, the commune always deploys the work of digging new canals and ditches to serve the irrigation needs of the people Currently, the commune has renovated and upgraded 9.4km of grade canal, dredged more than 40km of grade canal, and built two new pumping stations Funding for this project is 30% from the commune budget and 70% from the district budget Rural electricity: Previously, most of the power transmission lines from the main shaft to the gateways to the users were used temporarily, even bamboo poles, bare wire with small cross-sections causing unsafety and loss of electricity Therefore, people have to buy electricity at high prices, while the unstable power source affects production and life 20 Schools: The commune has two preschools, two primary schools, and one middle school meets national standards Build ten more classrooms for the secondary school, 12 classrooms for the primary school, and eight classrooms for the preschool Renovate many new classrooms with high quality, with function rooms and multi-purpose rooms, training ground, expanded training ground The learning environment for students has been significantly improved Cultural facilities: All villages have cultural houses and sports areas, most of which meet the standards prescribed by the Ministry of Culture Sports - Tourism 13 artistic homes have been upgraded and repaired, including Phan village, Hu village, Hoa village, Vai village, Quyen village, Tu Nam village, Tip village, Sam village, Nguon village, Luong village, Nhiem village, Bui village, Phan village Expansion of nearly 5,000m2 in cultural houses of hamlets Rural market: Luong market is the principal trading place of the commune, the market has a long history, infrastructure and technical facilities such as electricity, lighting, water supply, and drainage, and environmental sanitation are still weak the set And the market has been newly built and renovated by the Commune People's Committee In 2020, the market met the standards of the Ministry of Construction Post office: There are 3,621/3,621 households, reaching 100% using fixed and mobile phones 13/13 villages get 100% of towns with internet access service Rural residential housing: Currently, 100% of households in the commune are built solid houses in no dilapidated condition Guaranteed targets: - Housing area is from 14m2/person or more 100% - The useful life of the housing project is 20 years or more, with all "three hards" reaching 98% 21 - 100% of households have essential ancillary facilities (kitchen, bath, toilet) that are hygienic, meeting the minimum requirements for the usable area Income: The average income of people in the commune reaches the intermediate level of the whole country at 19 million VND/person/year The target by 2025 will get 75 million VND/person/year Poverty rate: By 2020, the number of multidimensionally poor households will decrease to less than 2% Most families have a telephone, 90% of the homes have a motorbike, and 85% have access to clean water The material and spiritual life are more and more complete and enhanced Labor structure: In the working age of the commune, more than 50% is in the agricultural sector, with low and unstable income To increase labor use, it is necessary to have more investment projects to increase jobs for people to have a more stable life 4.2 Some impacts of the new rural model in Hoa Tien commune Economic Table 4: The impact of the new rural model on economic development Criteria Total production value Aver income/person/year Foodstuffs/person/year Compare 2020/2019 Mill 214,675 219,870 2% Mill 44 50 13% kg 720 780 8% Source: Commune Statistics Department Unit 2019 2020 Agricultural production Hoa Tien commune is a purely agricultural commune, so the primary production of commune is wet-rice cultivation; income is mainly from rice 22 Since the State's policy on building a new countryside, people's lives have gradually improved markedly Farmers have actively innovated their thinking combined with disseminating new scientific and technical knowledge of agricultural extension officers, so they boldly changed production models and obtained relatively high results The commune has more than 400 hectares of rice cultivation and about 80 hectares of ornamental plants and flowers Mr Nguyen Ngoc Tram, 52 years old this year - a resident of Quyen village, Hoa Tien commune, who built an advanced chicken raising model, shared: “I am very grateful for the attention of the Party and State for providing capital for our family build livestock farms My family's income increased rapidly, now we have food to eat, and our children are fully educated Life is fuller, more prosperous.” Thus, the new rural model has brought farmers a better life with more valuable and productive crops and livestock Impact on people's income The interview of people in the villages in the commune shows that: All people in the commune have concluded that applying the new rural model in the commune has improved people's income in recent years Many farming households have an income of approximately 110 million VND/year with the model of farm raising with animals of high economic value Nguyen Van Xuan, 36 years old, an owner of Van Xuan garment company, shared: “My garment factory has nearly 100 employees, creating jobs and increasing income for local people I am very grateful for the State's support policy for developing local industries This is really a big step forward al economic development.” Social: 23 Recently, people's living standards have improved, and they have begun to pay more attention to entertainment, sports, culture, and art Therefore, cultural houses and sports centers of communes and hamlets have improved and built quite a lot Environment: Pham Thi Them, 49 years old, a resident of Phan village, about the village environment: “I think the repair of village roads and alleys is very appropriate and necessary It helps people business conveniently while helping the environment in a green and clean neighborhood I am delighted the policies of the Party and the State.” The survey shows that 100% of households contribute money and efforts to the everyday activities of the village Most of the households are directly involved in labor activities It proves that people's actions are significant in building a new rural model People's independence is promoted in all activities; this creates the sustainable development of the new rural model with Hoa Tien commune 4.3 Analysis of opportunities and challenges in the construction of new rural areas in Hoa Tien commune Using the SWOT analysis tool to collect information from which to draw advantages and disadvantages to well implement the policy of new rural construction in the commune The results are shown in Table 4.4 24 Table 5: The SWOT tool analyzes opportunities and challenges in new rural construction Content O – Opportunity - People have not yet realized their role - People are not used to being masters in the community S - Strength - People always actively participate in construction activities - Always give suggestions to cadres - People benefit from participating in new rural construction S-O - Help people realize their role and benefits T – Challenge S-T - People cooperate with organizations and - The capacity of associations and mass mass organizations in the process of organizations in economic management is implementing and managing economic activities still low - Improve people's intellectual level - The level of people is still limited - Lack of highly qualified team to build new rural Source: Ban quản lý dự án NTM xã Hòa Tiến 25 W – Weakness - People's money contributions are still limited - People are less interested in the role of inspection, supervision, acceptance, and settlement of works W-O - Help people have the opportunity to make their decisions in activities - Help people understand their role in activities W-T - Encourage people to actively participate in village activities, from planning to monitoring 4.4 Limitations and Existence After meeting the new rural standard, the outstanding debt for capital construction was enormous, so the movement to build new rural areas subsided Some new rural criteria have not been met firmly, are not sustainable, and have a budget for upgrading Economic restructuring is still slow; production is still tiny, self-sufficient, self-sufficient, commodity production areas, livestock farming areas have not been developed Socio-cultural has not been developed comprehensively, the physical facilities of cultural houses in communes and villages have not met the requirements The percentage of cultural villages has not reached the target set by Congress 4.5 Solutions to improve the quality of new rural activities in the commune 4.5.1 Capital solutions Commune need to propose construction works according to detailed planning proactively For example, annual capital planning and each specific project in terms of the transportation network, irrigation, residential housing, schools, public works, electricity water, communication, environmental protection, and green growth The commune needs to take advantage of the budget balance of Hung Ha district and Thai Binh province 4.5.2 Socio-cultural solutions Officials need to regularly work cooperatively with the people to improve people's living standards and actively participate in the activities proposed by the commune to increase the efficiency of agricultural production and economic development issues Commune Actively mobilize people to respond to mass movements and training sessions to understand more about agricultural production skills 26 4.5.3 Scientific and technical solutions applied in agriculture It is necessary to strengthen local marketing measures to attract businesses from outside the area to invest in the commune, following the locality's potential and the company's strength Appropriate mechanisms and policies are needed to encourage the private sector to invest in infrastructure in a “public-private combination.” CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS Through internship and research on local topics, I found that Hoa Tien commune has implemented the construction of new rural areas very well The new rural model applied locally has brought many direct benefits to the people regarding education, new classrooms, equipment, and complete learning functions built to serve local children Electricity and roads have improved markedly, 100% of households have full access to electricity Social culture has also been paid more attention in most hamlets that have been newly built and expanded cultural houses, creating amusement and exchange areas for everyone The commune has performed well in managing and implementing the new rural model For Hoa Tien commune's economy to develop more and more, people's lives improved, besides promoting the good aspects of the work that need overcome, such as management, project implementation, team qualifications rural cadres The commune needs to focus on developing science and technology applied to farming and agricultural production and attracting investment from outside businesses to create jobs for workers 27 REFERENCES Báo cáo tình hình thực nhiệm vụ kinh tế xã hội xã Hòa Tiến, huyện Hưng Hà, tỉnh Thái Bình năm 2015-2020 Bộ nông nghiệp phát triển nông thôn (2000) Một số văn pháp luật hành phát triển nông nghiệp, nông thôn NXB lao động – xã hội UBND (2018), 2337/QĐ-UBND Quyết định xây dựng nông thôn mới, Thái Bình Đề án 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REFERENCES Báo cáo tình hình thực nhiệm vụ kinh tế xã hội xã Hòa Tiến, huyện Hưng Hà, tỉnh Thái Bình năm 2015-2020 Bộ nơng nghiệp phát triển nông thôn (2000) Một số văn pháp luật hành phát triển nông. .. system Build septic toilets Construction of a clean water supply system Source: Ban quản lý dự án xây dựng NTM xã Hòa Tiến 17 Level Improve the street light system Establish a garbage collection