aromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy herapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided magery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage elaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic ouch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic ouch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic ouch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch nutritionaromatherapy massage relaxation guided imagery music meditation hydrotherapy therapeutic touch healing touch triti r th r p ss r l ti id d i r si dit ti h dr th r p th r p ti Edited by Pauline McCabe Foreword by Judy Jacka Throughout history human beings have turned to natural means for treating illness. At the beginning of the third millennium, when medical knowledge has never been stronger, the interest in natural therapies continues to rise. The therapies described in this book include nutrition, aromatherapy, relaxation techniques, music therapy, pet therapy, therapeutic touch and massage. They can be used in nursing practice to induce relaxation, help create a healing environment, increase comfort, reduce pain and address troublesome symptoms, but they also have a role in empowering both nurses and patients to maintain their own health. Also significant is the improved professional satisfaction that often accompanies advanced nursing practice in complementary care. Pauline McCabe, known widely among Australian nurses and midwives for her skill and experience in the practice of complementary therapies, has gathered together a talented group of practitioners to write passionately about their particular specialties and experiences. All nurses and midwives will benefit from reading what these authors have to say. Pauline McCabe is currently Senior Lecturer in Naturopathy at La Trobe University in Victoria, Australia. She brings to the editorship of this book over three decades of experience as a nurse-naturopath, and a career that has made significant contributions to the AUSMED PUBLICATIONS C integration of complementary therapies into Australian nursing practice. Pauline strongly believes that the use of complementary therapies by nurses will significantly advance the practice, theory, and professional development of nursing in the coming years. ISBN 0 9577988 1 4 from vision to reality COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY AUSMED PUBLICATIONS COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN NURSING & MIDWIFERY from vision to reality Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery from vision to practice i Chapter Three Other titles published by Ausmed Publications Ageing at Home: Practical Approaches to Community Care Edited by Theresa Cluning Keeping in Touch with someone who has Alzheimer’s Jane Crisp Geriatric Medicine, 2nd edn Len Gray, Michael Woodward, Ron Scholes,Wendy Busby, David Fonda The Midwife and the Bereaved Family Jane Warland Living in a New Country: Understanding Migrants’ Health Edited by Pranee Liamputtong Rice Palliative Care Nursing: A Guide to Practice Edited by Sanchia Aranda and Margaret O’Connor Caring for the Person with Faecal Incontinence Karen Cavarra,Andrea Prentice and Cynthea Wellings Revised by Janette Williams Practical Approaches to Infection Control in Residential Aged Care Kevin J. Kendall Promoting Men’s Health Edited by Tom Laws Nursing the Person with Cancer Edited by Gordon Poulton Nursing Documentation: writing what we do Edited by Jennifer Richmond Spirituality: The Heart of Nursing Edited by Professor Susan Ronaldson Rethinking Dementia — an Australian approach Edited by Sally Garratt and Elery Hamilton-Smith Thinking Management: Focusing on People Edited by Jean Anderson Caring for People with Problem Behaviours, 2nd edition Bernadette Keane and Carolyn Dixon Asian Mothers, Western Birth Edited by Pranee Liamputtong Rice Unique and Ordinary: Reflections on Living and Dying in a Nursing Home Rosalie Hudson and Jennifer Richmond COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY ii Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery from vision to practice Edited by PAULINE McCABE Foreword by JUDY JACKA Ausmed Publications Melbourne iii Chapter Three Australasian Health Education Systems Pty Ltd (ACN 005 611 626) trading as Ausmed Publications 277 Mount Alexander Road ASCOT VALE,VICTORIA 3032,AUSTRALIA © Ausmed Publications March 2001 First published March 2001 All Rights Reserved.Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the written permission of Ausmed Publications. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Manager,Ausmed Publications, PO Box 4086, Melbourne University,Victoria 3010,Australia. Further copies of this book and of all other Ausmed publications are available from the Distribution Manager,Ausmed Publications, PO Box 4086, Melbourne University,Victoria 3010, Australia. Telephone +61 3 9375 7311. Fax +61 3 9375 7299. E-mail ausmed@ausmed.com.au Home page www.ausmed.com.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication data: Complementary therapies in nursing and midwifery : from vision to practice. Includes index ISBN 0 9577988 1 4 1.Alternative medicine. 2. Nursing. 3. Midwifery. I. McCabe, Pauline. II. Jacka, Judy, 1938 610.73 Edited by Trisha Dunning Cover, design, typesetting and printing by Hyde Park Press, 5 Deacon Avenue, Richmond, South Australia 5033, telephone (08) 8234 2044, fax (08) 8234 1887, e-mail hpp@olis.net.au Text set in 10/14 Garamond Book COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY iv Foreword This is an exciting and timely book. It describes how nurses are pioneering complementary therapies within the medical system to give comfort and healing to their patients. It is 40 years since I graduated from general nursing training at Prince Henry’s Hospital Melbourne with deep disappointment about the medical model of 1960. Perhaps my greatest concern was that nurses had insufficient opportunity and resources to give true caring to their patients.At that time there was little information about alternative medicine and healing in Australia, but my own quest gradually unfolded to include a world of healing that I experienced as truly remarkable. My goal became to create education that would combine natural therapies with a suitable standard of orthodox science and medicine. In 1997 the Victorian government accredited the Bachelor Degree in Health Science (Naturopathy) delivered by the Southern School of Natural Therapies, making it the first private college in Victoria to offer a government accredited complementary therapy course. Therefore, during the last 30 years I have been intimately involved with practising natural therapies and the task of developing a degree standard course for training in the area.Throughout the 1980s many hundreds of nurses attended courses I conducted in natural therapies for the Council of Adult Education in Melbourne. Some of those nurses later enrolled to undertake training at our school. Indeed, since the birth of the school in 1961, nurses have featured strongly amongst our students and they have become excellent primary contact practitioners. However, this book features nursing as a profession studying and developing research and guidelines about natural therapies that enhance nursing practice and improve patient care in a medical setting. It is now evident that nurses as a professional group want to know how to apply natural therapies to augment and improve the health of their patients within the current medical model. So, for me, this is an exciting book, because I now witness the educational and practice opportunities for complementary therapies that are taking place within the nursing profession. Perhaps this development will in time have powerful repercussions on the whole health care system. In a personal sense, my observations have come full circle, from those of a disillusioned graduate nurse, to observations of nurses creating opportunities to practise their own healing therapies. v Chapter Three While preparing to write this foreword it occurred to me that rarely have I heard much criticism directed towards nurses as a group, despite hearing harsh criticism of orthodox medicine from various directions.The nursing profession appears to have always created the perception of being a caring group that did the best for its patients despite all kinds of difficulties and challenges. It is, therefore, understandable that nurses are endeavouring to extend their practices to encompass therapies that they perceive as promoting a more human touch for their patients. In addition, research into the practices and therapies described in this book has demonstrated improved clinical outcomes in many of the patients concerned. The book covers a wide range of areas that includes an historical perspective of natural therapies within the nursing profession; legal and ethical considerations; research possibilities and achievements; and educational considerations, as well as the pioneering experiences of nurses in areas such as nutrition, aromatherapy, massage, meditation, holistic coronary care, music therapy and the use of pet animals.The practice of complementary therapies within midwifery is an exciting development and what better way to give a child a peaceful start in life? It is of interest that the term ‘complementary therapies’ rather than ‘natural therapies’ is used throughout the book. Educational and government committees dealing with such therapies have always been challenged to find the most appropriate label and definition of these healing arts and sciences.The therapies explored in this book are certainly those that can be seen to complement, rather than threaten orthodox medical practice. Hospital management could consider massage, aromatherapy, music and meditation as safe options compared, for instance, to the use of herbs and homeopathy. I will be interested to observe how graduates from the double degree in nursing and naturopathy at Latrobe University and similar courses apply their training in herbal medicine and homeopathy in the workplace. Some authorities may view oral therapies as contradicting the use of pharmaceutical drugs. I look forward to a time when doctors will be versed sufficiently in herbal medicine and homeopathy to allow nurses trained in these specialities to augment or—dare I suggest it—replace the prescribed drug treatment in certain cases. But these are thoughts for the future.This book is a brave and pioneering effort to show the current level of achievement by the nursing profession in using complementary therapies to date. Complementary therapies are obviously here to stay and patient demand is increasing as illustrated by the material in this book. COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY vi The appendices include current guidelines established by one state board and two federal nursing bodies with respect to complementary therapies and are therefore of particular interest.The impression gained from reading this section is that the nursing profession is taking a positive, creative and responsible position towards natural therapies. Indeed the whole book will be an inspiration to all nurses who wish to practise true healing arts within the medical workplace. Judy Jacka ND, Grad Dip HRE Retired Chairperson Southern School of Natural Therapies Melbourne,Australia vii Foreword Contents Page FOREWORD v D EDICATION xii A CKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii G LOSSARY OF TERMS xiv P REFACE xvi Section One Complementary therapies: historical, political and professional issues Introduction Pauline McCabe 3 Chapter 1 Nursing and complementary therapies: a natural 7 partnership Pauline McCabe Chapter 2 Complementary care: redefining nursing for the 23 new millennium Jill Teschendorff Chapter 3 Developing clinical practice guidelines 37 Trisha Dunning Chapter 4 Education and professional development 51 Elaine Duffy Chapter 5 Legal and ethical aspects of complementary 67 therapies and complementary care Judith Lancaster COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY viii Chapter 6 Research issues in complementary therapies and 81 holistic care Beverley Taylor Chapter 7 Careers and opportunities: complementary 95 therapies and future nursing Sue Cechner Section Two Complementary therapies: some therapeutic approaches Introduction Pauline McCabe 109 Chapter 8 Nutrition as a complementary therapy 113 Greg May Chapter 9 Aromatherapy 131 Margaret Meyer Chapter 10 Massage 147 Laurie Grealish and Angela Lomasney Chapter 11 Relaxation—the learned response 163 Judy Lovas Chapter 12 Therapeutic Touch and Healing Touch—nursing 177 modalities for the new millennium Jane Hall Chapter 13 An introduction to music therapy 197 Tonia Plack Chapter 14 Nursing and the role of animals 213 Kirsten James ix Contents [...]... between nursing, midwifery and complementary therapies, drawing on historical and contemporary material It asks the question: how might complementary therapies influence nursing theory and practice?, and looks at some of the challenges these therapies pose to nurses’ understanding of illness and healing THE PAST The history of nursing often focuses on Florence Nightingale and the professional, social and. .. opportunities in complementary therapies and expanded practice in nursing and midwifery are discussed An overview of each chapter follows Chapter 1, Nursing and complementary therapies: a natural partnership, takes a chronological view of the relationship between nursing and natural therapies Pauline McCabe, Senior Lecturer in Naturopathy at La Trobe University, begins with some historical insights into a... ethical and legal issues, public demand, policy development, insurance, education and evaluation • Debate the relationship between nursing or midwifery, complementary therapies and medical practice Learn to argue your case using established research and theory, for example, holistic nursing, effects of complementary therapies on reducing stress and pain, and role of nurses and midwives in promoting healing,... dignity and quality of life for patients in the terminal phase of life (Adapted from Pizzorno, 1996) Many of these principles have strong parallels in nursing theory and practice, which partly explains why complementary therapies fit so well into nursing and midwifery Complementary therapies have not commanded the attention of many nurse academics to date.As the use of complementary therapies increases and. .. Shanley, 1998) Complementary care is more aligned with the latter, embracing an extended role centred in holistic nursing, an active nurse–client partnership, and integration of complementary therapies into standard care, health promotion and healing STRATEGIES FOR INTRODUCING COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES Judging from my own conversations with nurses interested in complementary therapies, and from the anecdotal... established, leading to Master’s and PhD projects, the latter still in progress Pauline has made numerous contributions to the nursing literature on complementary therapies, including formulating national and state guidelines She is currently Senior Lecturer in Naturopathy in the School of Nursing at La Trobe University, and is leading the design of a five year double degree in nursing and naturopathy... sunbathing, breathing exercises, positive thinking, prayer and fasting were among the therapies employed in the return to Hippocratic medicine which became known as nature cure Germany and Austria were at the heart of this movement, and it was to Germany that Florence Nightingale travelled in 1851 to undertake nursing training From her writings it appears that Nightingale’s thinking was considerably influenced... Preface Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery from vision to practice speaks to nurses and midwives about the integration of complementary therapies into practice.There are currently a number of books on complementary therapies in nursing and midwifery practice, but they generally place strong emphasis on describing specific therapies. The approach in this book is to bring to life for the reader... the first time in 2001 6 Chapter One Chapter 1 Nursing and complementary therapies: a natural partnership Nurses and midwives need to be able to express their healing instincts.Too often the ideals of the beginning practitioner are put aside in the rush to comply with work practices In spite of this the use of complementary therapies is increasing.Their use is not new in nursing or midwifery. This chapter... or complementary to orthodox medicine Complementary care: Complementary care in nursing emphasises the centrality of caring and the healing role of the nurse, and recognises partnerships in health care that include the patient, the nurse, other health professionals, and the use of a wide range of interventions in the interests of health, healing, wellbeing and patient autonomy Complementary care involves . Home Rosalie Hudson and Jennifer Richmond COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY ii Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery from vision. potential to advance nursing practice, and to further define what nursing is. Pauline McCabe COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY xii Acknowledgments Ausmed