[...]... 13 Reduction in Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Lucas A, Sampson HA (eds): Primary Prevention by Nutrition Intervention in Infancy and Childhood Nestlé Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program, vol 57, pp 15–30, Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S Karger AG, Basel, © 2006 Nutritional Interventions in Infancy and Childhood for Prevention of Atherosclerosis and the Metabolic Syndrome Atul Singhal MRC Childhood Nutrition Research... greatest in individuals who become obese as adults [5] Finally, obesity, itself strongly affected by nutrition, plays a central role in the early development of CVD Prevention of obesity, along with key 19 Singhal nutrition interventions in infancy and childhood are therefore a logical and important focus for the prevention of CVD Nutrition Interventions Critical to the argument that the primary prevention. .. two main periods for interventions are in infancy and in childhood However, importantly, there is no evidence to suggest age-related cutoffs that restrict preventative strategies to particular periods Interventions in Infancy The concept that nutrition in infancy can influence long-term risk factors for CVD first emerged in the 1960s with the pioneering work of McCance He showed that rats raised in small... strong evidence for the early origins of atherosclerosis, the American Heart Association has recently published guidelines for the primary 15 Singhal prevention of CVD beginning in children and adolescents [9] The present review focuses on the evidence and rationale for such interventions, emphasizing the role of nutrition in infancy and childhood The Childhood Origins of Atherosclerosis Autopsy studies... – would, in adults, reduce cardiovascular risk by 25% and mortality 13–14% [12] Programming and the Brain The programming effect of early nutrition of the brain is equally important in terms of primary prevention In a randomized trial in preterm infants, use of a standard versus enriched preterm formula (in the early 1980s, when standard formulas were often used) resulted in a major deficit in later... change in focus in the field of nutrition Previously, the main interest was meeting nutritional needs; now the major emphasis is the impact on health Indeed, our new understanding of the biological effects of nutrition that influence health has revealed the immense potential for nutrition in primary prevention The Concept of Primary Prevention Primary prevention is generally considered as the prevention. .. Kussman/Switzerland Mr Philippe Steenhout/Switzerland Prof Marco Turini/Switzerland Dr Peter Van Dael/Switzerland Mrs Nicola Bradley/UK Ms Cynthia Brown/USA Ms Cynthia Busby/USA Ms Nina Carroll/USA Ms Julie Dunmire/USA Ms Kelly Green/USA Ms Linda Hsieh/USA Ms Kathleen Novak/USA Ms Lisa Reavlin/USA Mr Ernie Strapazon/USA Introduction Lucas A, Sampson HA (eds): Primary Prevention by Nutrition Intervention in Infancy. .. solution in the newborn period Taking the whole cohort, each day of standard TPN solution, as fed in many Western units, was associated with loss of 1 MDI point [22] This illustrates the importance of achieving high standards of quality control 5 Lucas/Sampson Table 2 Research issues in primary prevention by nutrition in infancy and childhood Critical interactions Timing of the window Emergence of the effect... these noninvasive 16 Nutritional Interventions in Infancy and Childhood techniques could help both in the investigation of mechanisms and the development of rational approaches to prevention The Metabolic Syndrome in the Young Postmortem studies and noninvasive measures of atherosclerosis both show that the same risk factors contribute to early atherosclerosis in the young as in adults [10] As in adults,... weight which then remained normal throughout 8 Infant Nutrition and Primary Prevention childhood However, those overfed in infancy became progressively obese in adulthood; an excellent example of programming, in which a ‘memory’ had been retained of the early intervention, yet outcome effects were not expressed until adulthood Examples of late-emerging effects are found in humans In our own trial (cited . h0" alt="" Primary Prevention by Nutrition Intervention in Infancy and Childhood Primary Prevention by Nutrition Intervention in Infancy and Childhood Editors Alan. Francisco, the topic Primary Prevention by Nutrition Intervention in Infancy and Childhood was chosen. Early nutrition seems to be involved in the mechanism