Factors affecting the working, competencies of fresh graduates, for enterprices during, the Covid - 19 pandemic 2022
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING NGUYEN PHAM THAI CUONG FACTORS AFFECTING THE WORKING COMPETENCIES OF FRESH GRADUATES FOR ENTERPRISES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC GRADUATE THESIS MAJOR: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION CODE: 7340101 HO CHI MINH CITY, 2022 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM HO CHI MINH UNIVERSITY OF BANKING NGUYEN PHAM THAI CUONG FACTORS AFFECTING THE WORKING COMPETENCIES OF FRESH GRADUATES FOR ENTERPRISES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC GRADUATE THESIS MAJOR: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION CODE: 7340101 SUPERVISOR Dr PHAM HUONG DIEN HO CHI MINH CITY, 2022 ABSTRACT Employability if the anxiety for almost all the graduates regardless of their majors The ability to find a job that fits their study discipline is highly concerned Examining the current recruiting practices of organizations, the majority of them will demand individuals with excellent credentials and extensive work experience to readily adjust to the environment's constant change The sample size was 247 majoring in economics and the data was obtained using an online questionnaire using Google Forms For data analysis, the quota sampling approach and structural equation modeling with SPSS were employed This dilemma has presented students with a significant challenge that must be resolved as soon as they enter school; they must refine their talents and pack their bags before leaving learn Improving the efficacy of education while still a student is a crucial step in establishing a favorable impression in the eyes of potential employers To develop lessons for other students to follow involves a great degree of modification, particularly in the setting of Covid-19 DECLARATION I hereby certify that this is my research work and that the results given in the thesis are honest and objective The information sources cited in this thesis are explicitly identified I am accountable for my dissertation Author Signature Nguyen Pham Thai Cuong ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to take this opportunity to send sincerely thank for my advisors who have helped me to complete this thesis I would like to give my endless my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Ph.D Pham Huong Dien, with complaisance and enthusiasm in her teaching profession, she imparts positive energy that nothing is difficult, you just haven‟t made the effort to fully explore limits yourself Her winged comments and suggestions made me feel that I still need to improve my knowledges as well as general views on my thesis Secondly, I would like to give express my deep gratitude to my brothers, sisters and friends who were willing to spend their precious time to advise and complete the survey so that I come to the final conclusion of thesis Last but not least, my family where ready to support me no matter what, they still belive I can it Because that is what motivates me to strive, I always tell myself that I must always work hard to not disappoint their expectations TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Statement 1.2 Research Objectives 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Research Subjects and Scope 1.5 Research Methodology 1.6 Research significance 1.7 Expected Contribution 1.8 Thesis structure CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Concept and Definitions 2.1.1 Working Competence 2.1.2 Fresh graduates 10 2.1.3 Covid-19 pandemic 12 2.1.4 Social cognitive theory 14 2.1.5 The theory of planned behavior 16 2.2 Previous Empirical Studies 18 2.2.1 The research of impact COVID-19 on graduates experiences and expectations 18 2.2.2 The research of competencies for fresh graduates‟ success at work 20 2.2.3 The research of enhancing graduates‟ employability skills through authentic learning approaches 21 2.2.4 The research of role of work experience on the future competencies of graduates 23 2.3 Research Hypotheses and Model 24 2.3.1 Research Hypotheses 24 2.3.2 Research Models 34 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 37 3.1 Process of research 37 3.2 Research methods 38 3.2.1 Qualitative approach 38 3.2.2 Quantitative approach 38 3.3 Survey design 39 3.4 Data collection 41 3.5 Data Analysis 42 3.5.1 Descriptive Statistics 42 3.5.2 Scale test 42 3.5.3 Regression analysis 44 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH RESULTS 46 4.1 Descriptive statistic 46 4.2 Testing the reliability of cronbach‟s alpha 48 4.3 Exploratory Factor Analysis 51 4.3.1.Explored Factor Analysis for Independent Variables 51 4.3.2 Factor analysis for the dependent variable 54 4.4 Correlation Analysis 56 4.5 Regression Analysis 57 4.5.1 Analysis the fit of model 57 4.6 Testing differences based on Controlled Variables 60 4.6.1 One-Way ANOVA test of gender 60 4.6.2 One-Way ANOVA test of experiences 61 4.6.3 One-Way ANOVA test of Qualification 62 4.6.4 One-Way ANOVA test of income 62 4.7 Result discussion 62 CHAPTER 5: IMPLICATIONS 65 5.1 Conclusion 65 5.2 Implications 66 5.2.1 Academic Implications 66 5.2.2 Practical Implications 67 5.3 Limitations and future research 69 REFERENCES 71 APPENDIX 1: QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY 76 APPENDIX 2: CRONCHBACH‟S ALPHA 82 APPENDIX 3: EFA Analysis Results 89 APPENDIX 4: Pearson Correlation Table 92 APPENDIX 5: Examining the distinction between qualitative and independent variables 94 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Theory of Social Cognitive 15 Figure 2: The theory of planned behavior 18 Figure 3: Research Models 33 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Summarize the hypotheses and expectations expressed by the author 35 Table 1: Coding the variables of the scale 39 Table 1: Descriptive statistic about gender 46 Table 2: Descriptive statistic about experiences 46 Table 3: Descriptive statistic about Qualification 47 Table 4: Descriptive statistic about income 48 Table 5: Summary Reliability Statistics of Cronbach‟s Alpha 48 Table 6: KMO and Bartlett‟s test of independent variables 51 Table 7: Eigenvalues and covariance deviations for independent variables 52 Table 8: Rotated Component Matrix of Independent Variables 52 Table 9: KMO and Bartlett‟s test of dependent variable 54 Table 10: Factor loading for the dependent variable 55 Table 11: Total Variance of dependent variable 55 Table 12: Correlations Coefficient Pearson Correlations 56 Table 13: Model Summaryb 57 Table 14: ANOVA analysis 57 Table 15: Coefficients Analysis for Independent Variables 58 Table 16: One-way analysis of variance by gender 60 Table 17: T-test for Gender 60 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS TABLE Number Symbols Detail name ANOVA Analysis of Variance A Academic Outcomes B Soft Skills C Adaptability Skills D English Proficiency E Receptive Capacity F Digital Skills G Working Competencies VIF Variance inflation factor 10 SIG Significance level D4 14,71 8,856 ,703 ,864 D5 14,82 8,743 ,666 ,871 The result of the reliability evaluation of Receptive Capacity Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items ,883 Item-Total Statistics Scale Scale Mean if Variance if Corrected Cronbach's Item-Total Alpha if Item Item Deleted Item Deleted Correlation Deleted E1 10,91 5,598 ,750 ,849 E2 11,10 5,462 ,779 ,838 E3 10,90 5,527 ,753 ,847 E4 11,16 5,274 ,709 ,867 The result of the reliability evaluation of Digital Skills Reliability Statistics 86 Cronbach's Alpha N of Items ,886 Item-Total Statistics Scale Scale Mean if Variance if Corrected Cronbach's Item-Total Alpha if Item Item Deleted Item Deleted Correlation Deleted F1 11,045 5,514 ,736 ,859 F2 11,227 5,257 ,790 ,839 F3 11,069 5,325 ,793 ,839 F4 11,271 5,093 ,699 ,878 The result of the reliability evaluation of Working Competencies Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items ,909 87 Item-Total Statistics Scale Scale Mean if Variance if Corrected Cronbach's Item-Total Alpha if Item Item Deleted Item Deleted Correlation Deleted G1 11,66 5,372 ,772 ,890 G2 11,53 5,624 ,774 ,889 G3 11,63 5,422 ,816 ,874 G4 11,62 5,368 ,815 ,875 Pearson Correlations Analysis G Pearson Correlation G F D A B ,656** ,734** ,636** ,551** ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 247 247 247 247 247 ,656** ,619** ,642** ,452** ,000 ,000 ,000 Sig (2-tailed) N F Pearson Correlation D Sig (2-tailed) ,000 N 247 247 247 247 247 ,734** ,619** ,650** ,507** ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 Pearson Correlation Sig (2-tailed) 88 N A 247 247 247 247 247 ,636** ,642** ,650** ,334** Sig (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 N 247 247 247 247 247 ,551** ,452** ,507** ,334** Sig (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 N 247 247 247 247 Pearson Correlation B Pearson Correlation ,000 APPENDIX 3: EFA Analysis Results KMO and Bartlett's Test of Independent Variables Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx Chi-Square 7518,268 df 325 Sig ,000 Communalities Extractio Initial ,920 n 89 247 A1 1,000 ,825 A2 1,000 ,787 A3 1,000 ,789 A4 1,000 ,694 A5 1,000 ,642 B1 1,000 ,821 B2 1,000 ,831 B3 1,000 ,830 B4 1,000 ,832 C1 1,000 ,746 C2 1,000 ,710 C3 1,000 ,613 C4 1,000 ,695 D1 1,000 ,725 D2 1,000 ,701 D3 1,000 ,739 D4 1,000 ,747 D5 1,000 ,682 E1 1,000 ,638 E2 1,000 ,680 E3 1,000 ,720 E4 1,000 ,649 F1 1,000 ,674 F2 1,000 ,677 F3 1,000 ,711 F4 1,000 ,592 90 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Total Variance Explained Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings Squared Loadings % of % of Comp Tota Varianc Cumula onent l 13,0 46 3,03 1,40 1,26 e tive % 50,178 50,178 11,679 % of Varianc Cumula Total 13,04 e tive % Varianc Cumula Total e tive % 50,178 50,178 7,310 28,114 28,114 61,858 3,037 11,679 61,858 4,961 19,083 47,197 5,414 67,272 1,408 5,414 67,272 3,413 13,128 60,325 4,854 72,126 1,262 4,854 72,126 3,068 11,800 72,126 ,912 3,508 75,634 ,882 3,391 79,025 ,664 2,553 81,578 ,588 2,261 83,840 ,513 1,973 85,813 10 ,432 1,660 87,473 11 ,410 1,577 89,049 91 12 ,368 1,417 90,466 13 ,324 1,247 91,714 14 ,314 1,208 92,922 15 ,293 1,125 94,047 16 ,271 1,043 95,090 17 ,257 ,989 96,079 18 ,238 ,914 96,993 19 ,213 ,818 97,811 20 ,192 ,737 98,548 21 ,163 ,626 99,174 22 ,145 ,557 99,731 23 ,033 ,125 99,856 24 ,020 ,078 99,935 25 ,011 ,041 99,976 26 ,006 ,024 100,000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis APPENDIX 4: Pearson Correlation Table Correlations G Pearson Correlation Sig (2-tailed) G F D A B ,656** ,734** ,636** ,551** ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 92 N F D A B Pearson Correlation 247 247 247 247 247 ,656** ,619** ,642** ,452** ,000 ,000 ,000 Sig (2-tailed) ,000 N 247 247 247 247 247 ,734** ,619** ,650** ,507** Sig (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 N 247 247 247 247 247 ,636** ,642** ,650** ,334** Sig (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 N 247 247 247 247 247 ,551** ,452** ,507** ,334** Sig (2-tailed) ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 N 247 247 247 247 Pearson Correlation Pearson Correlation Pearson Correlation ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) 93 ,000 247 APPENDIX 5: Examining the distinction between qualitative and independent variables One-Way ANOVA test of gender Group Statistics G Gender N Mean Std Deviation Std Error Mean Male 103 3,9466 ,85796 ,08454 Female 144 3,8142 ,69132 ,05761 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means 95% Std Mean Error Sig (2- Differe Differe F Sig t df tailed) nce 94 nce Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper G Equal varianc es 1,763 ,185 assume 1,34 245 ,181 ,13237 ,09874 -,06211 ,32685 d Equal varianc es 1,29 189, not assume 575 ,197 ,13237 ,10230 -,06943 ,33416 d Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items ,909 Item-Total Statistics Scale Scale Mean if Variance Corrected if Item-Total Item Deleted Item Deleted Correlation 95 Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted G1 11,66 5,372 ,772 ,890 G2 11,53 5,624 ,774 ,889 G3 11,63 5,422 ,816 ,874 G4 11,62 5,368 ,815 ,875 One-Way ANOVA test of experiences Descriptives G 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Std Mea Deviati Std N No 54 experience Less than year 94 experience From to years of 73 experience Above years experiences 26 n 3,94 91 3,82 45 3,93 15 3,69 23 on ,61502 ,88052 ,74333 ,66071 Lower Upper Mini Maxi Error Bound Bound mum mum 3,7812 4,1169 2,75 5,00 3,6441 4,0048 1,00 5,00 3,7581 4,1049 2,25 5,00 3,4254 3,9592 2,25 5,00 ,083 69 ,090 82 ,087 00 ,129 58 96 Total 247 3,86 94 ,048 ,76636 3,7734 76 3,9655 1,00 5,00 Test of Homogeneity of Variances G Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig 1,325 243 ,267 ANOVA G Sum of Mean Squares df Square F Sig 1,630 ,543 ,924 ,430 Within Groups 142,847 243 ,588 Total 144,477 246 Between Groups One-Way ANOVA test of qualification Descriptives G 95% N Confidence Std Interval for Mean Deviatio Std Lower Upper Mini Maxi Bound Bound mum mum Mean n Error 97 Unive rsity Colle ge Acade mic Total 186 55 247 3,875 3,818 4,166 3,869 ,0586 ,79960 ,0923 ,68458 ,0833 ,20412 ,0487 ,76636 3,7593 3,9907 1,00 5,00 3,6331 4,0032 2,25 5,00 3,9525 4,3809 4,00 4,50 3,7734 3,9655 1,00 5,00 Test of Homogeneity of Variances G Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig 3,107 244 ,147 ANOVA G Sum of Mean Squares df Square F Sig ,680 ,340 ,577 ,562 Within Groups 143,796 244 ,589 Total 246 Between Groups 144,477 98 One-Way ANOVA test of income Descriptives G 95% N Under million From to 12 million Above million Total 12 39 148 60 247 Confidence Std Interval for Mean Mea Deviati Std Lower Upper Mini Maxi n on Error Bound Bound mum mum 3,8226 4,2671 2,75 5,00 3,7771 4,0101 1,00 5,00 3,4631 3,9286 1,00 5,00 3,7734 3,9655 1,00 5,00 4,044 3,893 3,695 3,869 ,68555 ,71731 ,90091 ,76636 ,1097 ,0589 ,1163 ,0487 Test of Homogeneity of Variances G Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig ,778 244 ,460 99 ANOVA G Sum of Mean Squares df Square F Sig 3,095 1,547 2,671 ,071 Within Groups 141,382 244 ,579 Total 246 Between Groups 144,477 100 ... the quality of working competencies, the author decides to conduct the research ? ?FACTORS AFFECTING THE WORKING COMPETENCIES OF FRESH GRADUATES FOR ENTERPRISES DURING THE COVID- 19 PANDEMIC? ?? 1.2... Statement The number of workers negatively affected by the Covid- 19 pandemic has decreased, and the number of persons entering the workforce continues to climb even while the number of Covid- 19 infections... clarify the significance of factors affecting their ability through hypotheses 11 2.1.3 Covid- 19 pandemic In the context of work, COVID will affect directly to specific working competencies factors