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Breastcancer.org is a
nonprofit organization
dedicated to providing
education and information
on breast health and
breast cancer.
Developed for
you by
Your Guide
to the
Breast Cancer
Pathology Report
The pathologyreport is used by
your doctor to determine which
treatments are right for you.
Your Guide
to the
Breast Cancer
Pathology Report
A report is written each time tissue is
removed from the body to check for
cancer. These are called pathology
reports. Each report has the results
of the studies done on the removed
tissue. The information in these
reports will help you and your
doctors decide on the best treatment
for you.
Reading yourpathologyreport can
be scary and confusing. Different labs
may use different words to describe
the same thing. On page 30, you’ll
find an easy-to-understand word list.
We hope we can help you make sense
of this information so you can get the
best care possible.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Wait for the Whole Picture
• Waiting for test results 2
• Get all the information you need 3
• Parts of yourpathologyreport 4
Reading YourPathology Report
• Thepathologyreport answers
questions about a breast abnormality 6
• Is thebreast abnormality a cancer? 6
• Is thebreastcancer invasive? 7
• How different are thecancer cells
from normal cells? 9
• How big is the cancer? 10
• Has the whole cancer
been removed? 11
• Are there cancer cells in your lymph
channels or blood vessels? 13
• Do thecancer cells have
hormone receptors? 14
• Does thecancer have genes that
affect how thecancer might
be treated? 16
• Genetic testing that is not part of
your pathologyreport 21
• Are there breastcancer cells in
your lymph nodes? 22
• How many lymph nodes
are involved? 23
• How much cancer is in each
lymph node? 23
• What stage is thebreast cancer? 24
— Stage 0 25
— Stage I 25
— Stage II 26
— Stage III 27
— Stage IV 29
Word List 30
Key Questions 34
Pathology Report Checklist 35
Notes 36
[...]... more information, go to: www.breastcancer.org 21 reading yourpathologyreport (continued) Are there breastcancer cells in your lymph nodes? How many lymph nodes are involved? Your doctor will examine your lymph nodes to see if they contain cancerThe more lymph nodes that contain cancer cells, the more serious thecancer might be So doctors use the number of involved lymph nodes to help make treatment... non-invasive? Pathologyreport checklist This checklist can help you keep the important results from all yourpathology reports together in one place With your doctor’s help, fill in the answers below Then take this booklet with you when you visit your other doctors, so they have the information they need 2 s this a slow- growing or a fast-growing I breast cancer? My pathology reports show the following cancer. .. Extracapsular extension: Cancer has spread outside the wall of the node For more information, go to: www.breastcancer.org My report says: The lymph nodes are: (circle one) 22 If positive: The number of involved nodes is Positive Negative 23 reading yourpathologyreport (continued) What stage is thebreast cancer? Stage 0 Cancer stage is based on the size of the cancer, whether thecancer is invasive... will indicate the likelihood of thecancer coming back based on the overall pattern of gene activity found in thebreastcancer cells Your doctor can use this information to help decide whether chemotherapy to reduce the risk of breastcancer coming back makes sense in your overall treatment plan 20 Genetic testing that is not a part of yourpathologyreport Most inherited cases of breastcancer are associated... in which they started, or getting through to or invading neighboring normal tissue The purpose of the staging system is to help organize the different factors and some of the personality features of thecancer into categories in order to: • est understand your prognosis (the b most likely outcome of the disease) • uide treatment decisions (together g with other parts of yourpathology report) •... chemotherapy to reduce the risk of thecancer coming back Two types of genomic assays for breastcancer are currently in use: Oncotype DX and MammaPrint If thebreastcancer is early-stage and hormone-receptor-positive, you and your doctor may decide that a genomic assay is appropriate for your situation The results of your genomic assay are reported separately from yourpathologyreportThe test results... spread to the axillary lymph nodes Stage IIIA describes invasive breastcancer in which either: • o tumor is found, but cancer is found n in axillary lymph nodes, which are clumped together or sticking to other structures, or cancer may have spread to lymph nodes near the breastbone OR • he cancer is any size and has spread t to axillary lymph nodes, which are clumped together or sticking to other... HER2positive breast cancers can respond to targeted treatments that are designed to work against HER2-positive cancer cells For more information, go to: www.breastcancer.org 17 reading yourpathologyreport (continued) There are three tests for HER2: 1 HC test (ImmunoHistoChemistry) I • he IHC test shows whether there is T too much HER2-receptor protein in thecancer cells • he results of the IHC... non-invasive, whether lymph nodes are involved, and whether thecancer has spread to other places beyond thebreast Many of thecancer traits you reviewed in this booklet are not included in staging Stage 0 is used to describe non-invasive breast cancers, such as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) In stage 0, there is no evidence of cancer cells or non-cancerous abnormal cells breaking out of the part of the breast. .. breast AND • ay have spread to axillary lymph m nodes, which are clumped together or sticking to other structures, or cancer may have spread to lymph nodes near the breastbone Inflammatory breastcancer is considered at least stage IIIB Typical features of inflammatory breastcancer include the following: • substantial portion of thebreast skin a is reddened • he breast feels warm and may be .
Your Guide
to the
Breast Cancer
Pathology Report
The pathology report is used by
your doctor to determine which
treatments are right for you.
Your Guide. Guide
to the
Breast Cancer
Pathology Report
A report is written each time tissue is
removed from the body to check for
cancer. These are called pathology