A feasibility study for the establishment of phong dien (thua thien hue province) and dakrong (quang tri province) nature reserves, vietnam

BirdLife International Vietnam Programme in collaboration with the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute A Feasibility Study for the Establishment of Phong Dien (Thua Thien Hue Province) and Dakrong (Quang Tri Province) Nature Reserves, Vietnam Conservation Report Number BirdLife International European Union FIPI A Feasibility Study for the Establishment of Phong Dien (T hua T hien Hue Province) and Dakrong (Quang Tri Province) Nature Reserves, Vietnam by Le Trong Trai Forest Inventory and Planning Institute and William Jeff Richardson BirdLife International Vietnam Programme with contributions from Le Van Cham, Tran Hieu Minh and Tran Quang Ngoc Forest Inventory and Planning Institute and Nguyen Van Sang, Alexander L Monastyrskii and Jonathan C Eames BirdLife International Vietnam Programme T his is a technical report for the project entitled: st Expanding the Protected Areas Network in Vietnam for the 21 Century Hanoi, May 1999 Project Co-ordinators: Nguyen Huy Phon Vu Van Dung Jonathan C Eames Field Survey Team: Le Trong Trai (FIPI) Le Van Cham (FIPI) Tran Hieu Minh (FIPI) Tran Quang Ngoc (FIPI) Nguyen Van Sang (BirdLife International Vietnam Programme) Jonathan C Eames (BirdLife International Vietnam Programme) Alexander Monastyrskii (BirdLife International Vietnam Programme) Le Van Quy (Vice Director, Quang Tri Forest Protection Department) Cao Dang Viet (Head of Forest Management and Protection, Quang Tri Forest Protection Department) Hoang Ngoc Khanh (Director of T hua T hien Hue Forest Protection Department) Nguyen Van Tri Tin (T hua T hien Hue Forest Protection Department) Nguyen Van Tan (Phong Dien District Forest Protection Department) Nguyen Van Minh (Phong Dien District Forest Protection Department) Maps: May Ky Vinh (FIPI) Project Funding: European Union and BirdLife International Cover Illustration: Edwards’s Pheasant Lophura edwardsi By R David Digby from Hennache (1997) Citation: Le Trong Trai, Richardson, W J., Le Van Cham, Tran Hieu Minh, Tran Quang Ngoc, Nguyen Van Sang, Monastyrskii, A L and Eames, J C (1999) A Feasibility Study for the Establishment of Phong Dien (Thua Thien Hue Province) and Dakrong (Quang Tri Province) Nature Reserves, Vietnam BirdLife International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi Copies available from: BirdLife International Vietnam Programme 11 Lane 167, Tay Son, Dong Da Hanoi, Vietnam Tel/Fax: + (84) 851 7217 E-mail: birdlife@netnam.org.vn Table of Contents Executive Summary Executive Summary in Vietnamese vii ix Introduction 1.1 Geography, Demographics, Economics and Environment 1.2 Conservation 1.3 Lowland Forest in Central Vietnam 1.4 Global Conservation Significance 1.5 Environmental History of the Area 1.6 Management Authority 1 3 Site Features 2.1 Biogeography 2.2 Location 2.3 Topography 2.4 Hydrology 2.5 Geomorphology 2.6 Pedology 2.7 Meteorology 2.8 Flora Overview 2.9 Vegetation Types Primary and Mature Secondary Forest (Rich and Medium Forest) Immature Secondary Forest (Poor Forest) Regenerating Forest (Secondary and Cultivated Land Regrowth) Patch Forest (Degraded Forest) Scrub Grasslands 2.10 Mammals Mammal Records 2.11 Birds Edwards’s Pheasant 2.12 Herpetiles 2.13 Butterflies 2.14 Socio-cultural Features Phong Dien District Dakrong District 2.15 Land Use Phong Dien District Dakrong District 5 5 6 7 9 10 11 11 13 13 13 13 15 15 17 19 21 21 22 23 23 24 Evaluation 3.1 Criteria for Evaluating the Proposed Nature Reserves 3.2 Evaluation of Lowland Forest in Central Vietnam 3.3 Evaluation of Regional Biodiversity Conservation 3.4 Conservation of T hreatened and Recently Described Species Birds Mammals Herpetiles 26 26 27 29 30 30 31 32 i Butterflies 3.5 Comparison with Biodiversity in Vietnam’s National Parks 3.6 Potential Value of the Proposed Nature Reserves Conservation Value Flood and Erosion Control Water Supply and Irrigation Projects Buffer Zones Forestry Resources Medicinal and Ornamental Plants Genetic Variability Tourism Agricultural Self-sufficiency and Agroforestry Research and Local Stewardship 3.7 Evaluation of Management Roles, Policy and Objectives Management Roles of Government and NGOs Devising a Management Policy Management Objectives 32 33 34 34 34 34 35 36 36 36 36 37 37 37 37 38 40 Constraints on Management and Development of the Proposed Nature Reserves 4.1 Physical Factors 4.2 Biological Factors 4.3 Socio-Cultural Factors 41 41 41 42 Proposed Management and Development Structure 5.1 Current Infrastructure 5.2 Proposed Staffing 5.3 Nature Reserve Headquarters and Visitor Access 5.4 Incompatible Uses of the Nature Reserves 44 44 44 45 47 Recommendations for the Nature Reserves 6.1 Proposed Boundaries for Phong Dien Nature Reserve 6.2 Proposed Boundaries for Dakrong Nature Reserve 6.3 Discrepancies in the Proposed Nature Reserve Boundaries Recommended Areas for Inclusion in Dakrong Nature Reserve Recommended Areas for Inclusion in Phong Dien Nature Reserve 6.4 Agroforestry and Buffer Zone Recommendations Recommended Agricultural Areas for Agroforestry Programme Recommended Comprehensive Buffer Zone Coverage 6.5 Recommended Evaluations of Management Effectiveness 6.6 Recommended Management Advisory Committee 6.7 Recommended Nature Reserve Advisory Committee 6.8 Priority Actions 48 48 48 48 48 49 49 50 50 50 51 51 51 References 54 Appendix 1: Flora of the Study Area Appendix 2: Mammals, Excluding Rodents and Bats, Recorded in or Reported from the Study Area Appendix 3: Birds Recorded in the Study Area Appendix 4: Herpetiles Recorded in the Study Area Appendix 5: Butterflies Recorded in the Study Area 58 ii 62 64 68 70 List of Tables Table 1: Central Vietnam Meteorological Data Table 2: Plant Species Found in the Study Area Table 3: Red-book-listed Flora and Current Status Table 4: Existing Vegetation Types in the Study Area (Ranked) Table 5: T hreatened Mammals Recorded in the Study Area Table 6: Restricted-range and T hreatened Birds Recorded in the Study Area Table 7: Endemic and T hreatened Herpetiles Recorded in the Study Area Table 8: Butterflies Recorded in the Study Area Table 9: New Butterfly Records and their Associated Habitat Types in the Study Area Table 10: Tentative List of Butterflies Endemic to Central Vietnam Table 11: Distribution of Butterflies by Different Habitat Types within the Study Area Table 12: Population Composition of Phong Dien District Table 13: Population Composition of Dakrong District Table 14: Land Use Practices in Phong Dien Communes which Overlap the Watershed Protection Forest Table 15: Forested Land in Dakrong District Table 16: Current Agricultural Land Use in Dakrong District Table 17: Conservation Criteria and Evaluation of the Proposed Nature Reserves Table 18: Botanical Diversity in the Annamese Lowlands EBA Table 19: Number of Total, IUCN and Vietnam T hreatened Species Table 20: Similarity in Butterfly Fauna of Dakrong (DK) and Phong Dien (PD) in comparison with Bach Ma National Park (BM) and Vu Quang Nature Reserve (VQ) Table 21: Average Global Distribution of Butterfly Families Found in the Study Area Table 22: Biodiversity in Selected Protected Areas Table 23: Protected Features of the Study Area Table 24: Recommended Compatible Usage of the Proposed Nature Reserves Table 25: Status of Current Exploitative Activities in the Study Area Table 26: Locally versus Regionally Recruited Conservation Personnel Table 27: Population, Forest Cover, Access and Recommended Guard Posts for the Study Area Table 28: Recommendations for Guard Stations, Staffing Requirements, and Coverage 32 33 34 38 40 43 45 45 46 List of Maps Map 1: Location of Phong Dien and Dakrong Proposed Nature Reserves Map 2: Land Use in Phong Dien and Dakrong Proposed Nature Reserves Map 3: Phong Dien and Dakrong Proposed Nature Reserves vi 12 53 List of Figures Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of the Nature Reserves’ Staff Hierachy 44 8 14 16 18 19 19 20 21 21 23 24 24 25 26 30 30 iii Acknowledgements T he authors would like to gratefully thank the European Union and BirdLife International for the financial assistance that made this study possible T he authors also extend our thanks to Mr Le Sau, Director of the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute (FIPI), and Mr Nguyen Huu Dong, Director of the Forest Resources and Environment Centre, for their contributions in planning, logistics and personnel In Quang Tri Province, we extend our appreciation to the Provincial People’s Committee We extend special thanks to Mr Khong Trung of the Provincial Forest Protection Department, Mr Le Van Quy, Vice-Director of the Provincial Forest Protection Department, Mr Cao Dang Nghiep, and the staff from Ba Long and Dakrong Communes who helped us in collecting field data for this report In T hua T hien Hue Province, we received energetic support from Mr Hoang Ngoc Khanh, Director of the Provincial Forest Protection Department, and Vice-Director Mr Nguyen Van Anh We extend special thanks to Mr Nguyen Van Tri Tin, Mr Nguyen Van Tan, Mr Nguyen Van Minh and Mr Phuoc who helped collect the biodiversity and socio-cultural data for this report iv Conventions Used Plant names (common and scientific), sequence and species limits follow Pham Hoang Ho (1991), with scientific names given at first mention and in Appendix Mammal names (common and scientific), sequence and species limits follow Corbet and Hill (1992), with scientific names given at first mention and in Appendix Bird names (common and scientific), sequence and species limits follow Inskipp et al (1996), with scientific names given at first mention and in Appendix Herpetile and butterfly names (common and scientific), sequence and species limits follow Nguyen Van Sang and Ho T hu Cuc (1996) and Corbet et al (1992), respectively, with scientific names given at first mention and in Appendices and Diacritical marks are omitted from Vietnamese names due to typographical limitations and the restricted understanding of international readers Locality names follow the Department of Cartography 1:50,000 series maps (1993) A red-listed species is any species included in the IUCN Red Lists of T hreatened Animals and Plants (IUCN 1996 and 1997) or in the Red Data Books of Vietnam (Anon 1992 and 1996) Endemic Bird Areas refer to locales supporting at least two restricted range species A restricted range species is a bird species with a global range of less than 50,000 km2 Indochina refers to the biogeographic region of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, T hailand and Vietnam T he Study Area refers to Phong Dien and Dakrong Watershed Protection Forests of T hua T hien Hue and Quang Tri Provinces, respectively Abbreviations and Acronyms Used CIT ES EBA EU FIPI GNP ICBP IUCN MARD MOF NGO WPF WWF - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Endemic Bird Area European Union Forest Inventory and Planning Institute, Hanoi Gross National Product International Council for Bird Preservation World Conservation Union Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Ministry of Forestry (now part of MARD) Non-Governmental Organisation Watershed Protection Forest World Wide Fund for Nature v Map1: Location of Phong Dien and Dakrong Proposed Nature Reserves Grid: UTM, zone 48 Horizontal Datum: India 1960 vi SCALE 1:2,000,000 Produced by the Forest Resources and Environment Centre of FIPI 15 February 1999 Executive Summary In June and July 1998, BirdLife International worked in collaboration with the Forest Inventory and Planning Institute (Hanoi) to assess the feasibility of upgrading Phong Dien and Dakrong Watershed Protection Forests to Nature Reserve status T his feasibility study, funded by the European Union and BirdLife International, was part of the government’s commitment to increase Vietnam’s protected area coverage to million hectares by the year 2000 In 1992, BirdLife International conducted a world-wide survey which identified 221 centres of bird endemism Bird endemism is believed to be a good indicator of an area’s overall biodiversity T he Annamese Lowlands of central Vietnam is one of three Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) in Vietnam Phong Dien and Dakrong Districts, of T hua T hien Hue and Quang Tri provinces, central Vietnam are located in the southern part the Annamese Lowlands EBA, and enclose the largest remaining area of evergreen and semi-evergreen lowland forest (below 1,000 m) Lowland forest was once distributed throughout the coastal lowlands and foothills of central Vietnam T he forest area has been significantly reduced by human exploitation and the defoliation of vast tracts in Quang Tri and T hua T hien Hue provinces during the American-Vietnamese War Only a small fraction of this once-extensive forest type now remains T he best extant example of lowland forest within the Annamese Lowlands EBA is in northern Phong Dien district and southern Dakrong district An effort at protection was made in 1993, when these areas were designated as Watershed Protection Forests (WPFs) but, in reality, this classification protects the forests from little more than commercial logging T his study analysed the feasibility of upgrading these WPFs to two separate but contiguous nature reserves T he proposed Phong Dien Nature Reserve would cover 34,406 ha, and the proposed Dakrong Nature Reserve would cover 35,072 Combined, they would constitute the largest protected area in the Annamese Lowlands EBA Phong Dien and Dakrong WPFs Fauna and Flora To better assess the value of conserving the Group Number of Species % Red-listed area, a preliminary inventory of the area’s 43 53% flora and fauna was conducted T he Mammals 171 13% inventory revealed that the proposed nature Birds Reptiles 38 42% reserves are home to a number of endemic 19 21% and threatened species Two of the most Amphibians Plants 597 3% recently discovered large mammal species in the world (Sao La and Giant Muntjac) Listed in either the IUCN Red Lists (IUCN 1996 and 1997) or the Red Data Books of Vietnam (Anon 1992 and 1996) both occur in the area Edwards’s Pheasant, thought to be extinct for 67 years, was rediscovered in the area; Phong Dien and Dakrong WPFs are believed to comprise the last remaining refuge of this critically endangered species To further assess the merits of protecting the area, local butterfly species were identified Butterflies have well-documented niche separation and consume a wide variety of species-specific food T hus the number of butterfly species and their distribution is an indicator of habitat diversity T he high number of butterfly species found in the area further suggests that it supports diverse habitats Besides protecting the largest remnants of lowland forest in central Vietnam, a number of endangered species (especially Edwards’s pheasant) and an area with high overall biodiversity, the proposed nature vii Appendices Class, Family, Genus and Species Clerodenrum cyrtophyllum C infortunatum C godefroyi C paniculatum C robinsonii C squamatum Gmelia annamensis G arborea Premna balansae Vitex quinata V trifoliata Lamiaceae Gomphostemma lucidum Leonurus artemisia Campanulaceae Pentaphragma sinense Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Artemisia vulgaris Blumea balsamifera B eberhardtii B fistulosa B hieracifolia B lacera B indica B subcapitata Eclipta alba Elephantopus scaber Emilia sonchifolia Erigeron linifolium Eupatorium odoratum Gassocephalum crepidioides Liliopsida Liliaceae Dianella ensifolia Dracena loureiri D gracilis Ophiopogon dracaenoides O japonicus Smilacaceae Smilax bauhinioides S gagnepainii S perfoliata Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea intempestica D persimilis D poilanei D triphylla var reticulata Taccaceae Tacca integrifolia Musaceae Musa uranoscopos Costaceae Costus speciosus Zingiperaceae Alpinia bracteata Amomum trilobum A xanthioides Zingiper zerumbet Maranthaceae Donax cannaeformis Phrynium parviflorum Orchidaceae Aerides falcatum A multiflorum Code M M M W W M M M M M M M M M M M M M M O O M M M M M M M M O O Class, Family, Genus and Species Arundina graminifolia Corymborchis veratrifolia Cymbidium dayanum C finlaysonianum Dendrobium amabile D crystallinum D lindleyi D terminale D thyrsiflorum Geodorum densiflorum Phalaenopsis mannii Cyperaceae Carex cryptostachys C leucholora Cyperus diffucus C flavidus C paniceus var roxburghianus C pumilus C rotundus C sesquiflorus Fimbristylis complanata F dichotomoides F thomsonii Kyllinga nemoralis Lipocarpha chinensis Scirpus juncoides S wallichii Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa Cyanotis barbata Poaceae Arundo donax Bambusa balcooa B spinosa Chloris barbata Chrysopogon aciculata Cynodon dactylon Dactyloctenium aegyptiacum Dendrocalamus patellaris Eleusine coranaca Eragrostis zeylanica Imperata cylindrica Miscanthus floridulus Oxytenanthera albo-cyliata O poilanei Phragmites karka Saccharum arundinaceum S spontaneum Teinostachyum dullooa Thysanolaena maxima Arecaceae Arenga pinnata Calamus bousigonii C poilanei C pseudoscutellaris C rudentum C tetradactylus Caryota mitis C urens Daemonorops pierreanus Kortalsia lacsiniosa Licuala bracteata Livistona chinensis Pinanga duperreana Plectocomia elongata Code O O O O E,O O O O O O O M Class, Family, Code Genus and Species Araceae Acorus calamus M Aglaonema pierreanum Alocaria macrorrhiza M Amorphophalus campanulatus M Colocaria esculenta Epipremnum giganteum O E pinnatum O Homalomena occulta M Lasia spinosa M Pothos angustifolius P cathcartii O P gigantipes P yunnanensis Pandanaceae Pandanus tonkinensis Follows Pham Hoang Ho (1991) Notes: E = Endemic to Vietnam, W = Wood, O = Ornamental and M = Medicinal M M M M M M O E O O O 61 Appendix Mammals, Excluding Rodents and Bats, Recorded in or Reported from the Study Area No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 62 Common Name Pangolins Pangolins Chinese Pangolin Sunda Pangolin Treeshrews Treeshrews Common Treeshrew Primates Lorises Slow Loris Old-world monkeys Pig-tailed Macaque Rhesus Macaque Bear Macaque Douc Langur Gibbons Buff-cheeked Gibbon Carnivores Dog and Foxes Indian Wild Dog or Dhole Bears Asiatic Black Bear Sun Bear Weasels etc Yellow-throated Marten Hog-Badger Large-toothed Ferret-Badger Eurasian Otter Civets Large Indian Civet Small Indian Civet Common Palm Civet Masked Palm Civet Binturong Mongooses Crab-eating Mongoose Cats Leopard Cat Golden Cat Clouded Leopard Tiger Even-toed ungulates Pigs Wild Boar Mouse-deer, Chevrotains Lesser Malay Mouse-deer Deer Sambar Giant Muntjac Barking Deer Cattle, antelopes, goats Gaur Southern Serow Sao La or Vu Quang Ox Order, Family, Genus and Species Pholidota Manidae Manis pentadactyla M javanica Scandentia Tupaiidae Tupaia belangeri Primates Loridae Nycticebus coucang Cercopithecidae Macaca nemestrina M mulatta M arctoides Pygathrix nemaeus Hylobatidae Hylobates gabriellae Carnivora Canidae Cuon alpinus Ursidae Ursus thibetanus U malayanus Mustelidae Martes flavigula Arctonyx collaris Melogale personata Lutra lutra Viverridae Viverra zibetha Viverricula indica Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Paguma larvata Arctictis binturong Herpestidae Herpestes urva Felidae Prionailurus bengalensis Catopuma temminckii Pardofelis nebulosa Panthera tigris Artiodactyla Suidae Sus scrofa Tragulidae Tragulus javanicus Cervidae Cervus unicolor Megamuntiacus vuquangensis Muntiacus muntjak Bovidae Bos gaurus Naemorhedus sumatraensis Pseudoryx nghetinhensis IUCN Listed Vietnam Listed NT NT V EN NT VU EN V V DD VU E VU VU E E DD DD V NT VU EN V E VU EN E VU EN EN E V E Appendices No 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Common Name Rodents Non-flying squirrels Black Giant Squirrel Pallas’s Squirrel Grey-bellied Squirrel Cambodian Striped Tree-squirrel Flying squirrels Red Giant Flying Squirrel Mice, Rats Bamboo rats Hoary Bamboo Rat Old-world Porcupines Malayan Porcupine Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine Lagomorphs Rabbits Burmese Hare Order, Family, Genus and Species Rodentia Sciuridae Ratufa bicolor Callosciurus erythraeus C finornatus Tamiops rodolphii Pteromyidae Petaurista philippensis Muridae Rhizomyidae Rhizomys pruinosus Hystricidae Hystrix brachyura Atherurus macrourus Lagomorpha Leporidae Lepus peguensis IUCN Listed Vietnam Listed R VU Follows Corbet & Hill (1992) Notes: EN/N = Endangered; VU/V = Vulnerable; NT = Near T hreatened; R = Rare; D D = D ata D eficient as per IUCN (1996) and Anon (1992) 63 Appendix Birds Recorded in the Study Area No Common Name 10 Chinese Francolin Japanese Quail Bar-backed Partridge Annam Partridge Red Junglefowl Silver Pheasant Edwards’s Pheasant Siamese Fireback Grey Peacock Pheasant Crested Argus 11 Barred Buttonquail 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Speckled Piculet White-browed Piculet Lesser Yellownape Greater Yellownape Red-collared Woodpecker Pale-headed Woodpecker Bay Woodpecker 19 20 Red-vented Barbet Green-eared Barbet 21 22 23 Oriental Pied Hornbill Great Hornbill Brown Hornbill 24 25 Orange-breasted Trogon Red-headed Trogon 26 Dollarbird 27 28 Blyth’s Kingfisher Common Kingfisher 29 30 31 32 Banded Kingfisher Stork-billed Kingfisher Ruddy Kingfisher White-throated Kingfisher 33 34 Crested Kingfisher Pied Kingfisher 35 36 Blue-bearded Bee-eater Blue-tailed Bee-eater 37 Large Hawk Cuckoo 64 Order, Family, Genus and Species Galliformes Phasianidae Francolinus pintadeanus Coturnix japonica Arborophila brunneopectus A merlini Gallus gallus Lophura nycthemera L edwardsi L diardi Polyplectron bicalcaratum Rheinardia ocellata Turniciformes Turnicidae Turnix suscitator Piciformes Picidae Picumnus innominatus Sasia ochracea Picus chlorolophus P flavinucha P rabieri Gecinulus grantia Blythipicus pyrrhotis Megalaimidae Megalaima lagrandieri M faiostricta Bucerotiformes Bucerotidae Anthracoceros albirostris Buceros bicornis Anorrhinus tickelli Trogoniformes Trogonidae Harpactes oreskios H erythrocephalus Coraciiformes Coraciidae Eurystomus orientalis Alcedinidae Alcedo hercules A atthis Halcyonidae Lacedo pulchella Halcyon capensis H coromanda H smyrnensis Cerylidae Megaceryle lugubris Ceryle rudis Meropidae Nyctyornis athertoni Merops philippinus Cuculiformes Cuculidae Hierococcyx sparverioides Site Number 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, Collar et al 1994 Anon 1992 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, CR, RRS CR VU CR, RRS T VU T, RRS VU T, RRS 4 1, 1, 4 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, (2) (1) 1, [2] RRS NT T T VU T 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1 1, 2, 2 Appendices No Common Name 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Indian Cuckoo Eurasian Cuckoo Plaintive Cuckoo Drongo Cuckoo Asian Koel Green-billed Malkoha Coral-billed Ground Cuckoo 45 46 Greater Coucal Lesser Coucal 47 Vernal Hanging Parrot 48 49 50 Needletail sp Asian Palm Swift Fork-tailed Swift 51 52 53 54 55 Mountain Scops Owl Collared Scops Owl Buffy Fish Owl Collared Owlet Asian Barred Owlet 56 Grey Nightjar 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 Oriental Turtle Dove Spotted Dove Red Collared Dove Emerald Dove T hick-billed Green Pigeon Pin-tailed Green Pigeon Yellow-vented Green Pigeon Green Imperial Pigeon Mountain Imperial Pigeon 66 White-breasted Waterhen 67 68 69 70 Crested Serpent Eagle Crested Goshawk Black Eagle Changeable Hawk Eagle 71 Cinnamon Bittern 72 73 74 Blue-rumped Pitta Bar-bellied Pitta Blue-winged Pitta 75 76 Silver-breasted Broadbill Long-tailed Broadbill 77 Asian Fairy Bluebird Order, Family, Genus and Species Cuculus micropterus C canorus Cacomantis merulinus Surniculus lugubris Eudynamys scolopacea Phaenicophaeus tristis Carpococcyx renauldi Centropodidae Centropus sinensis C bengalensis Psittaciformes Psittacidae Loriculus vernalis Apodiformes Apodidae Hirundapus sp Cypsiurus balasiensis Apus pacificus Strigiformes Strigidae Otus spilocephalus O bakkamoena Ketupa ketupu Glaucidium brodiei G cuculoides Caprimulgidae Caprimulgus indicus Columbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia orientalis S chinensis S tranquebarica Chalcophaps indica Treron curvirostra T apicauda T seimundi Ducula aenea D badia Grviformes Rallidae Amaurornis phoenicurus Ciconiiformes Accipitridae Spilornis cheela Accipiter trivirgatus Ictinaetus malayensis Spizaetus cirrhatus Ardeidae Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Passeriformes Pittidae Pitta soror P elliotii P moluccensis Eurylaimidae Serilophus lunatus Psarisomus dalhousiae Irenidae Irena puella Site Number 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4 2, 3, [2] Collar et al Vietnam Listed Listed NT T 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3, 1, (1) 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, NT 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2 NT NT T T 65 Appendices No Common Name 78 79 Blue-winged Leafbird Orange-bellied Leafbird 80 Long-tailed Shrike 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 White-winged Magpie Indochinese Green Magpie Racket-tailed Treepie Rachet-tailed Treepie Large-billed Crow Ashy Woodswallow Maroon Oriole Large Cuckooshrike Black-winged Cuckooshrike Scarlet Minivet Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike White-throated Fantail Black Drongo Ashy Drongo Crow-billed Drongo Bronzed Drongo Lesser Racket-tailed Drongo Spangled Drongo Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Black-naped Monarch Asian Paradise-flycatcher Great Iora Large Woodshrike 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 Blue Whistling T hrush White-gorgeted Flycatcher White-tailed Flycatcher Hainan Blue Flycatcher Blue-throated Flycatcher Hill Blue Flycatcher Tickell’s Blue Flycatcher Grey-headed Canary Flycatcher Oriental Magpie Robin White-rumped Shama Slaty-backed Forktail White-crowned Forktail 116 117 118 119 120 Black-collared Starling Common Myna White-vented Myna Crested Myna Hill Myna 121 Sultan Tit 122 Red-rumped Swallow 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 66 Red-whiskered Bulbul Sooty-headed Bulbul Stripe-throated Bulbul Puff-throated Bulbul Ochraceous Bulbul Grey-eyed Bulbul Black Bulbul Order, Family, Genus and Species Chloropsis cochinchinensis C hardwickii Laniidae Lanius schach Corvidae Urocissa whiteheadi Cissa hypoleuca Crypsirina temia Temnurus temnurus Corvus macrorhynchus Armatus fuscus Oriolus traillii Coracina macei C melaschistos Pericrocotus flammeus Hemipus picatus Rhipidura albicollis Dicrurus macrocercus D leucophaeus D annectans D aeneus D remifer D hottentottus D paradiseus Hypothymis azurea Terpsiphone paradisi Aegithina lafresnayei Tephrodornis gularis Muscicapidae Myophonus caeruleus Ficedula monileger Cyornis concretus C hainanus C rubeculoides C banyumas C tickelliae Culicicapa ceylonensis Copsychus saularis C malabaricus Enicurus schistaceus E leschenaulti Sturnidae Sturnus nigricollis Acridotheres tristis A cinereus A cristatellus Gracula religiosa Paridae Melanochlora sultanea Hirundinidae Hirundo daurica Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus jocosus P aurigaster P finlaysoni Alophoixus pallidus A ochraceus Iole propinqua Hypsipetes leucocephalus Site Number Collar et al Listed Vietnam Listed 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4 2, 3,4 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 4 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 4 4 4 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2 2, 1, 4 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, NT NT T Appendices No Common Name 130 Yellow-bellied Prinia 131 Oriental White-eye 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 Common Tailorbird Arctic Warbler Yellow-bellied Warbler Dark-necked Tailorbird Striated Grassbird Masked Laughingthrush White-crested Laughingthrush Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush Black-throated Laughingthrush White-cheeked Laughingthrush Abbott’s Babbler Buff-breasted Babbler Spot-throated Babbler Puff-throated Babbler Scaly-crowned Babbler Large Scimitar Babbler White-browed Scimitar Babbler Short-tailed Scimitar Babbler Streaked Wren Babbler Eyebrowed Wren Babbler Rufous-capped Babbler Golden Babbler Grey-throated Babbler Spot-necked Babbler Striped Tit Babbler Grey-faced Tit Babbler Rufous-throated Fulvetta Mountain Fulvetta White-bellied Yuhina 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 Thick-billed Flowerpecker Plain Flowerpecker Ruby-cheeked Sunbird Purple-naped Sunbird Olive-backed Sunbird Fork-tailed Sunbird Crimson Sunbird Little Spiderhunter Streaked Spiderhunter 170 Eurasian Tree Sparrow 171 White-rumped Munia Order, Family, Genus and Species Cisticolidae Prinia flaviventris Zosteropidae Zosterops palpebrosus Sylviidae Orthotomus sutorius Phylloscopus borealis Abroscopus superciliaris O atrogularis Megalurus palustris Garrulax perspicillatus G leucolophus G monileger G chinensis G vassali Malacocincla abbotti Pellorneum tickelli P albiventre P ruficeps Malacopteron cinereum Pomatorhinus hypoleucos P schisticeps Jabouilleia danjoui Napothera brevicaudata N epilepidota Stachyris ruficeps S chrysaea S nigriceps S striolata Macronous gularis M kelleyi Alcippe rufogularis A peracensis Yuhina zantholeuca Nectariniidae Dicaeum agile D concolor Anthreptes singalensis Hypogramma hypogrammicum Nectarinia jugularis Aethopyga christinae A siparaja Arachnothera longirostra A magna Passeridae Passer montanus Lonchura striata Site Number Collar et al Vietnam Listed Listed 1, 2, 4 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 4 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 1, 2, 4 4 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, T, RRS VU T, RRS RRS 4 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, Follows Inskipp et al (1996) Notes: CR = Critically Endangered; VU = Vulnerable; T = Threatened; NT = Near Threatened as per Collar et al (1994) and Anon (1992) RRS = Restricted range species Site Number: Khe Lau and Phong My communes, Phong Dien district, Thua Thien Hue province; Ba Long and Trieu Nguyen communes, Dakrong district, Quang Tri province; Ta Rut commune, Dakrong district, Quang Tri province; and A Sau commune, A Luoi district, Thua Thien Hue province 67 Appendix Herpetiles Recorded in the Study Area No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 68 Class, Order, Family Genus and Species Reptilia Squamata Gekkonidae Gekko gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Agamidae Acanthosaura lepidogaster Calotes emma emma C versicolor Draco volans Physignathus cocincinus Scincidae Mabuya multifasciata Sphenomorphus sp Lacertidae Takydromus sexlineatus Varanidae Varanus nebulosus V salvator Xenopeltidae Xenopeltis unicolor Boidae Python molutus Colubridae Ahaetulla prasina Amphiesma sp A stolata Dendrelaphis pictus Elaphe radiata Enhydris plumbea Oligodon sp Ptyas korros P mucosus Rhabdophis chrysargus Xenochrophis piscator Elapidae Bungarus candidus B fasciatus Naja naja Ophiophagus hannah Viperidae Trimeresurus albolabris albolabris T sp Testudinadae Platysternidae Platysternon megacephalum Emididae Cuora galbinifrons C trifasciata Testudinata Indotestudo elongata Trionychidae Palea steindachneri Pelodiscus sinensis Trionyx cartilagineus Phong Dien Dakrong O O I O S S O O O S IUCN Listed Vietnam Listed T T O S V O S O I I I I V V I I I I O S O I I O I NT V T T V T T E I O I I I O I O I O I O I I I I DD I S I DD I I NT EV, V I I I NT E EV, V V I I I I V I I NT V Appendices No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Class, Order, Family Genus and Species Amphibia Anura Megophryidae Leptobrachium hasselti Megophrys major Bufonidae Bufo galeatus B melanostictus Ranidae Ooeidozyga lima Phrynoglossus laevis Rana andersoni R guentheri R kuhlii R limnocharis R macrodactyla R microlineata R nigrovittata R ricketti R rugulosa R sauteri Rhacophoridae Philautus sp Rhacophorus leucomystax R nigropalmatus Phong Dien Dakrong IUCN Listed Vietnam Listed S S S O O S O S S S O O O S S O S EV O O S O O O S I S T EV,T I S S T Follows Nguyen Van Sang and Ho T hu Cuc (1996) Notes: S = Specimen; O = Observed; I = Interview: EN/E = Endangered; VU/V = Vulnerable; T = T hreatened; NT = Near T hreatened; R = Rare; D D = D ata D eficient as per IUCN (1996) and Anon (1992) 69 Appendix Butterflies Recorded in the Study Area No 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 70 Family Genus and Species Papilionidae *Troides sp Parides aidoneus Doubleday Pachliopta coon F P aristolochiae F *Chilasa clytia L Papilio demoleus L P noblei de Niceville P helenus L P nephelus Boisduval P polytes L P memnon L P alcmenor P paris L Meandrusa payeni Boisduval Pathysa antiphates Cramer Graphium sarpedon L G doson C.& R Felder G eurypylus L *G chironides Honrath G arycles Boisduval *G agamemnon L Lamproptera curius F L meges Zinken Pieridae Delias pasithoe L D hyparete L Leptosia nina F *Prioneris thestylis Doubleday P philonome Boisduval Artogeia canidia L *Cepora nerissa F C nadina Lucas Appias lyncida Cramer A albina Boisduval A indra Moore A olferna Swinhoe Ixias pyrene L Hebomoia glaucippe L Pareronia anais Lesson Catopsilia pomona F Eurema hecabe L E blanda Boisduval E andersoni Moore E ada Distant & Pryer E cf novapallida Shirozu & Yata Gandaca harina Horsfield Danaidae *Danaus chrysippus L D genutia Cramer Tirumala septentrionis Butler Parantica aglea Stoll P melaneus Cramer Ideopsis vulgaris Butler Euploea modesta Butler Global Range 3 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 1? 4 4 3 Phong Dien district Forest River Deforested Dakrong district Forest River Deforested r r u r r u r u r c r u u c c c c c r c c u c u c u R R R U U C U C C c c c c C u r c c c c u c r u r U C C C R U R U U r r r R U u r u ufm c ufm c cm c cm rfm c c u c r u c u c r c u c u ufm c ufm rfm c c u ? c c u c r u u R C cm C cm cl R C cm C U C R u c c u U ? c r u u c c r r U U R R u Appendices No 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 Family Genus and Species E core Cramer E silvester F E mulciber Cramer E tulliolus F E midamus chloe Guerin-Meneville E klugii Moore E radamanthus F Satyridae Elymnias hypermnestra L *E patna Westwood Mycalesis mineus L M zonata Matsumura M adamsoni Erites medura Horsfield Ragadia crisilda Hewitson Ypthima baldus F Y cerealis Watson Y savara Grose Smith Y tappana Matsumura Amathusiidae Faunis canens Hubner F eumeus Drury Stichophthalma louisa ssp Wood-Mason Amathuxidia amythaon amythaon Doubleday Zeuxidia amethystus masoni Butler Thaumantis diores Doubleday Discophora deo de Niceville D sondaica Boisduval Nymphalidae *Cethosia cyane Drury Phalanta palantha Drury Cupha erymanthis Drury Vagrans egista Cramer Cirrochroa tyche C& R Felder Vindula erota F Junonia iphita Cramer *J atlites L J lemonias L Hypolimnas bolina L *Ariadne ariadne L Cyrestis themire Honrath C cocles F *C thyodamus Doyere Chersonesia risa Doubleday Neptis clinia Moore N hylas L N leucoporos Fruhstorfer N miah Moore Phaedyma columella Cramer Lasippa heliodore F L monata Weyenbergh Pantoporia hordonia Stoll P paraka Butler Athyma pravara Moore A azura Moore A kanwa Moore A selenophora Moore Global Range 4 3 3 2 3 3 Phong Dien district Forest River Deforested u u cf cm u u u cf r r r u u r c c C C cm U R R R c c r u u r u c ? c C c ? r r 2 c u r 2 u u r r 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 c Dakrong district Forest River Deforested u r c u u r u u r r rfm u u r u r r rfm c R R U rl R c r u C r c r c r r r r r u c r c c r c r r u C R U r r u u r r r u cl R U 71 Appendices No 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 72 Family Genus and Species A nefte Cramer Moduza procris Cramer Lebadea martha F Tanaecia julii Lesson T lepidea Butler Euthalia monina F E eriphylae de Niceville *E phemius Doubleday Lexias dirtea F Eulacera osteria Westwood Charaxes bernardus F C aristogiton C.& R Felder Polyura athamas Drury Libytheidae Libythea myrrha Godart L narina Godart L geoffroy Godart Riodinidae Zemeros flegyas Cramer Dodona deodata Hewitson Abisara echerius Stoll Paralaxita dora Fruhstorfer Stiboges nymphidia Butler Lycaenidae Miletus cf mallus Fruhstorfer Allotinus subsrigosus Moore *Castalius rosimon F Caleta roxus Godart Everes lacturnus Godart Acytolepis puspa Horsfield Neopitecops zalmora Butler Megisba malaya Horsfield Jamides celeno Cramer J alecto C.Felder Nacaduba kurava Moore N pavana Fruhstorfer N subperusia Fruhstorfer Prosotas sp Anthene emolus Godart A lycaenina R Felder Arhopala cf silhetensis A ammonides Doherty A vihara Corbet A epimuta Evans A ariana A sp Evans Flos diardi Hewitson F fulgida Hewitson Surendra quercetorum Moore S cf vivarna Amblypodia anita Hewitson Spindasis syama Horsfield *Loxura atymnus Stoll Yasoda tripunctata Hewitson Thamala marciana Hewitson Dacalana burmana Moore Tajuria cf cyppus T ister Global Range 3 3 3 3 3 3 Phong Dien district Forest River Deforested r r r c c c c u r cl c u r 3 R r 3 c r u r r 3 3 3 3 ? r rl ? ? 3 ? ? ? ? ? ? 2 3 2 ? ? ? Dakrong district Forest River Deforested rfm rm R cl R c C c C u r rl cl c U c u rl rl c c C u r ? cl r u u c c u ? r u c u C ? ? c r r r r r r r u u r u u r u r r r r r r r u U c Appendices No Family Global Phong Dien district Genus and Species Range Forest River Deforested 162 T cf luculentus ? r 163 Remelana jangala Horsfield r 164 *Zeltus amasa Hewitson r 165 Deudorix epijarbas Moore 166 Sinthusa chandrana Moore 167 Rapala cf damona 168 R varuna Horsfield u Hesperiidae 169 Bibasis oedipodea Swainson r 170 B jaina Moore r 171 B sena Moore 172 Hasora taminatus malayana u Felder & Felder 173 H badra Moore u 174 H vitta Butler 175 H chromus Cramer c c 176 Badamia exclamationis Fabricius c c 177 Celaenorrhinus asmara Butler 178 Darpa striata Druce r 179 Odina decoratus Hewitson r 180 Coladenia agni de Nicev r 181 C agnioides Elw.& Edw u 182 Gerosis sp (near tristis Eliot) u 183 Mooreana trichoneura C & R Felder u 184 Tagiades litigiosa Moschler c 185 T menaka Moore r 186 T gana Moore r 187 Halpe zola Evans r 188 Astictopterus jama ? C.& R Felder 189 Iambrix salsala Moore c 190 Koruthaialos rubecula 191 Ancistroides nigrita diocles Moore 192 Notocrypta paralysos W.-M 193 N clavata Staudinger r 194 Zographetus cf doxus Eliot 195 Isma umbrosa Elw & Edw 196 Hyarotis microstictum ? r W.-M & de Niceville 197 Plastingia naga de Niceville r 198 P cf pellonia Fruhst 199 Salanoemia noemi de Nicev 200 Pyroneura margherita miriam Evans c 201 Lotongus calathus Hewitson r 202 Zela (?) sp ? r 203 Gangara thyrsis F 204 G lebadea Hewitson 205 Matapa druna Moore r 206 M sasivarna Moore r 207 Unkana ambasa Moore 208 Pirdana hyela Hewitson 209 Telicota colon stinga Evans 210 Parnara ganga Evans ? 211 Pelopidas assamensis de Nicev 212 Pelopidas (?) sp ? ? 213 Caltoris sp ? ? Study Sites: Phong Dien district: Khe Lau village, Phong My commune; and Dakrong district: Khe Ba Long village, Ta Ruc commune Sample Sites: Forested sites; River and stream beds; and Deforested sites Dakrong district Forest River Deforested r r r r r r u u r c c r C C u u c c r u u u r r u u r r r r u ? ? 73 Appendices Species occurrence is divided into three categories: r - rare (single or two specimens encountered); u - uncommon (~10 specimens seen); c - common (up to 20 specimens seen); cm - common male only; ufm - uncommon female only; cl - locally common * - New species record for Vietnam Global Range: - East Himalayas (Nepal, Assam, Sikkim, N Burma, Yunnan, S.W China, N Indochina); Indochina to India; Oriental region; Indo-Australian tropics; and - Palaeotropics Soreson Similarity Index comparing Butterfly Species Composition in Dakrong (DK) and Phong Dien (PD) Watershed Protection Forests with those in Bach Ma National Park (BM) and Vu Quang Nature Reserve (VQ) (a) Papilionidae DK+PD DK+PD (f) Nymphalidae BM VQ - Qtri+T T H BM 0.863 - VQ 0.833 0.782 - (b) Pieridae DK+PD BM 0.568 - VQ 0.721 0.673 0.826 - VQ 0.700 0.761 DK+PD BM DK+PD QT +T T H Qtri+T T H - (c) Danaidae - BM VQ - BM 0.608 - VQ 0.727 0.909 - (h) Hesperiidae VQ - DK+PD DK+PD BM 0.769 - VQ 0.666 0.761 - (d) Satyridae BM VQ - BM 0.423 - VQ 0.344 0.352 - (i) Total of the families DK+PD BM VQ - BM 0.363 - VQ 0.389 0.553 QT +T T H DK+PD DK+PD - (e) Amathusidae BM BM 0.615 - VQ 0.607 0.681 Shading Key for Cs Values BM VQ - Cs = 0.8 74 VQ - BM VQ - BM Qtri+T T H BM (g) Riodinidae DK+PD DK+PD QT +T T H - BirdLife International is a global conservation federation with a worldwide network of Partner organizations, Representatives and committed individuals BirdLife International seeks to conserve all bird species on earth and their habitats and, through this, it works for the world’s biological diversity It recognizes that the problems affecting birds, their habitats and our global environment are linked inseparably with social, economic and cultural factors and that these can only be resolved if human societies function in an ecologically sustainable manner and if the needs, welfare and aspirations of people form a part of all conservation action Birds provide BirdLife International with a uniquely valuable focus: they are sensitive indicators of biological richness and environmental trends and fulfill many key ecological functions; they contribute greatly to our understanding of natural processes; they are an important economic resource; and they have inspired and delighted people of many cultures for centuries, which makes them excellent ambassadors for the promotion of conservation awareness and international collaboration BirdLife International pursues a programme of: * scientific research and analysis to identify and monitor worldwide the most threatened bird species and the most critical sites for the conservation of bird diversity; * advocacy and policy development to promote the conservation of birds and biodiversity through sustainability in the use of all natural resources; * field action and country conservation programmes, ranging from community-based land-use and management projects to species recovery programmes benefiting both wildlife and people; * network and capacity building to expand and strengthen the global partnership of conservation organizations and to promote worldwide interest in the conservation of birds and the wider environment 11 Ngo 167, Tay Son, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam Tel: 844 851 7217 ~ Fax: 844 857 3866 E-mail: birdlife@netnam.org.vn ... Libythea geoffroy alompra T hailand and southern Burma — Open Bibasis sena T hailand, Sri Lanka, India, Burma, — Open Andaman Islands and Hainan Island (China) Zographetus doxus T hailand, Burma... between Phong Dien and Dakrong Proposed Nature Reserves and Bach Ma National Park T he eastern sections of Phong Dien and Dakrong WPFs abut the Tam Giang wetlands, and there are existing riparian habitats... Annonaceae (11), Apocynaceae (11), Mimosaceae (11) and Myrtaceae (11) The floristically dominant families are the Clusiaceae, Annonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Sapotaceae, Myrtaceae, Fagaceae,