Tài liệu Báo cáo " Bước đầu đánh giá tính sáng tạo của trẻ em mẫu giáo 5 tuổi tại Hà Nội trắc nghiệm tại Hà Nội bằng trắc nghiệm KVS-P " doc

BUOC DAU DANH GIA TINH SANG TAG CUA TRE MAU GIAO 5 TUOI TAI HA N0\ BANG TRAC NGHIEM KVS - P Tran Van Tinh Tricdng Dai hoc Gido due - Dgi hoc Quo'c gia Hd Ndi. Tinh sang tao d tudi mlu giao da dupe nhilu nha tam ly hpc quan tam d nhiing pham vi. mire dp khac nhau dudi ba quan dilm sau: Quan dilm 1: Sang tao d tii mlu giao la tiln dl sang tao cho tinh sang tao vl sau. Neu td chuc tdi cac hoat ddng tiln sang tao se cd nhilu khi nang tii trd thanh ngudi sang tao cao khi trudng thanh. Hoat ddng sang tao ciia tii mlu giao mang tinh chu quan nhilu, vi tii gili quyet nhiem vu nhlm thoi man nhu clu ciia ban than diia tie ho'n la nhiing nhu cau xa hdi. Sin phlm sang tao cd y nghia, dem lai nilm vui, hanh phiic ddi vdi tre. Hoat ddng sang tao khdng ddi hdi tinh ddc dio hay kl nang quan trpng nao ma thudng dupe tii bdc Id qua cac hoat ddng nhu ve. nan, miia, hat v.v Quan dilm 2: Sang tao d tudi mlu giao nhu mpt tai nang dac biet, bieu trung cho cac thien tai va vupt qua mpi thdi dai dl ed thi dat den miie dp sang tao cao. Chlng han nhu Mozart da boa am va tu danh lai dupe bin nhac vira nghe khi mdi 3 tudi, den 5 tudi dng da sang tie dupe nhac. den 8 tudi viet dupe nhac giao hudng. Tinh sang tao dupe xem nhu mdt eai gl da tiln dinh va chi cln den mdt thdi dilm nao dd se tu bdt phat va hoan thien. Quan dilm 3: Sing tao ed d tat cl cac dp tudi va dlu cd thi d dang tilm nang hay hien thue, dilu nay phu thudc ed tinh quyei dinh vao bin thin chii the tu nhin nhan, kham pha va phat trien tai nang ciia minh nhu the nao. Tinh sang tao eiia tre mlu giao khdng nhung d dang tilm nang ma cdn cd nhirng sir dac trung ciia su sang tao thuc. Theo nhirng quan niem tren cho thay tinh sang tao d tii mlu giao ed nhiing dae dilm tuang ddng vdi nhu'ng dac dilm sang tao ciia ngudi Idn, nhung lai cd nhung dac trung ciia tudi mlu giao nhu: 60 TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd 11 (128). 11 - 2009 - Tre the hien nhilu nhat tinh sang tao eiia tre thdng qua boat ddng choi, dac biet la nhirng boat ddng choi sang tao cd muc dich. - Tre sang tao kha tu nhien va ddc lap, it chiu theo su rap khudn, luon thi hien y tudng mdi, ddc dao. - Tre cau true lai nhiing kinh nghiem eiia tre theo mdt eau triie, logic mdi, nen sin phlm sing tao mang tinh rdi rac, it he thdng. - Tre it khi nghiln nglm llu vl tie phlm eiia tre ma chii yeu la lam nhanh dl thoi man nhu clu choi ciia tre, do vay tre it kien tri. - Sin phlm sang tao ciia tre thi hien su sinh ddng trong eudc sdng hang ngay nhung lai theo the gidi tim bdn rieng ciia tre. - Trong khi sang tao tre thudng dat ra nhilu eau hdi khac nhau, tao ra mau thuIn va thir nghiem nd dudi dang cac trd chai. Vdi nhung dae dilm sang tao eiia tre d tren, viec dinh gia tinh sing tao eiia tre thdng qua trac nghiem K VS - P dupe danh gia d hai chi sd: - Tinh luu loat troi ehly (FLU): Tdng sd eae gili phap dupe 66 xuat dudi dang van ddng, ve (hoac) ngdn ngir (dau hieu dinh lupng ciia tinh sang tao). - Tinh mlm deo uyin ehuyin (ELE): Tinh khac biet ciia clc gili phap hoc Id dudi dang van ddng, ve va (hoac) ngdn ngir (dau hieu dinh tinh ciia tinh sang tao). Hai chi sd danh gia nay dupe thue hien thdng qua 6 tilu test eiia trie nghiem KVS - P: Cleh van ddng; Lira chpn clc hanh ddng; Sii' dung ed lira chpn; Doan tranh; Ve theo yeu clu nghiem ngat; Ve tu do. Thdng qua clc chi sd nay, chiing ta cd the budc dlu danh gia dupe tinh sing tao ciia tre mlu giao. ' •' Dilm thd eiia hai ehi sd FLU va ELE dupe ehuyen qua gia tri ehuln T - W ddi vdi tii 5 tudi dao ddng tir 20 dilm - den tren 80 dilm, trong dd: - Khi tii dat gil tri ehuln T - W tir 20 - 30 dilm thi hlu nhu chua ed sang tao gl, cln phli bdi dudng 6i phat triln rat nhieu. - Khi tii dat gia tri ehuln T - W tren 80 dilm la nhiing tie cd diem sang tao rat cao va ed thi du bao vl nang lue sing tao cao eiia tie khi trudng thanh. i; ••• Bdng 1: Chi sd'Tinh liCu lodt trdi chdy (PLU) duac ehuyen ddi qua gid tri . chuan T - W vd diUfc nhdm theo cdc nhdm diem DitMii T-W 20-30 SL 0 % 0 31 - 40 SL 0 7c 0 4 SL 92 -50 % 66.18 51 SL 47 -60 9f 33.82 61 -70 SL 0 7c 0 71 - 80 SL 0 7c 0 >80 SL (.) 7c 0 (Sdlieu khdo sat trim 139 tre 5 tiun tai Hd Ndi, nam hpc 2008 - 2009). TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC. Sd 1 1 (128), 1 1 - 2009 61 Qua blng sd lieu lieu khao sat tiin cho thay: - Sd ddng tre dat gia tri chuan T - W tii' 40 - 50 chiem den 66.18%. Day la dilm sang tao d muc trung binh cho thay tinh linh boat, nhuin nhuyin trong sing tao ciia tre edn han che. - Sd tre dat gia tri ehuln T - W tir 50 - 60 chiem 33.82%. Day la dilm sang tao d mirc tuang ddi kha cho thl'y tinh linh hoat nhuIn nhuyin trong sang tao ciia 33.82% tii nay phat triln d miic tuang ddi kha. . , - Khdng ed tre nao dat gia tri ehuln T - W dudi 40 (rat tha'p) va tiin 60 (kha, cao va rat cao). Dilu nay cho thay. trong 139 tii dupe danh gia, khdng cd tre nao khdng thi hien tinh linh boat nhuIn nhuyin. nhung ciing khdng cd tri nao the hien d muc dp cao. . . : Bdng 2: Chi sd tinh mem deo. iiyen cluiyen (FTP) duac ehuyen ddi qua gid tri chuan T - W vd diCo'c nhdm theo cdc nhdm diem Dilm T-W 20-30 SL 0 % 0 31 - 40 SL 0 7c 0 41 -50 SL 9 7c 6.48 5] SL 97 -60 7c 69.78 61 SL 26 -70 7c 18.71 71-80 SL 7 7c 5.03 >80 SL 0 7c 0 (Sdlieu khdo sdl trim 139 tre 5 tudi tgi Hd Ndi, nam hoc 2008 - 2009). Qua blng sd lieu khIo sit tiin cho thl'y: - Sd tii dat gia tri ehuln T - W tir 41 - 50 chiem den 6.48%, chiem sd it d tre. Day la dilm sang tao d miie trung binh cho thay tinh mlm deo, uyen chuyin. linh boat trong sang tao ciia tre cdn ban che. - Sd tii dat gia tri ehuln T - W tii' 51 - 60 chiem 69.78%, chiem da sd d tii. Day la dilm sang tao d miie tuang ddi kha cho thay tinh mlm deo. uyIn chuyin, linh boat trong sang tao phat triln d miic tuo'ng ddi kha. - Sd tre dat gia tri ehuln T - W tir 61 - 70 chiem 18.71%, chiem sd it d tii. Dly la dilm sang tao d muc kha cho thay tinh mlm deo. uyIn ehuyin va linh boat trong sang tao phat triln d mire kha. - Sd tii dcit gia tri ehuln T - W tir 71 - 80 dilm chiem 5.03%. chiem sd it d tii. Dly la dilm sang tao d mirc cao cho thay mirc dp tinh mlm deo. uyIn ehuyin va linh hoat trong sang tao phat triln d mire cao. - Sd tii dat gia tri ehuln dudi 40 (rat thap) va tren 80 dilm (rat cao) chua thay ed d tre nao. Nhu vay. thdng qua hai ehi sd khIo sat tiin 139 tii tai 1 la Ndi cho tha'y: 62 TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC. Sd 1 1 (128), 1 1 - 2009 - Tinh linh boat nhuIn nhuyen trong sing tao cua tre mdi ehi dirng lai d miie trung binh va tuang ddi kha, day la le dl nhien, tinh mlm deo uyIn chuyin khdng chi dii'ng lai d muc trung binh va kha, da cd mdt sd it tii (5.03%) dat dupe gia tri ehuln trong tinh mlm deo va uyIn ehuyin trong sang tao d muc cao va ed thi eoi day nhu la nhdm tre ed tilm nang sang tao vl sau. - O cl hai ehi sd khdng ed tre nao the hien II khdng cd sang tao hoac sing tao d miie rat cao. Day la sir kblo sat budc dlu vl tinh sang tao cua sd it tii mlu giao tai Ha Ndi. Neu chung ta xay dung dupe mdi trudng kich thich tinh sang tao cho tre, de tre tu do phat triln hei nang lue sang tao eiia minh thi chic chin dilm sang tao eiia tre se cao ban nhilu. Tai lieu tham khao 1. Guenter Krampen (1996), Test sdng tgo mdu gido - tieu hoc KVS - P, PCS - TS. Nguyin Huy Tii (Vien KHGD Viet Nam) Viet hoa nam 2002. 2. Nguyin Cong Khanh (2009), Phuang phdp gido due phdt trien tri sdng tgo cho tre mdm non. Tap chi Gilo due sd 205, ki 1 - 1/2009, trang 16 - 17. 3. Theo Le Thi Hoang Trang (2005), Mot sd' bien phdp phdt huy khd ndng sdng tgo ciia tre 5 - 6 tudi trong van ddng theo nligc, Luan van iTiac ,sl, DHSPHN, trang 25. 4. Department of Employment, Education and Training (2006), Guidelines to Support the Implementation of the Policy for the Education of Gifted Students in the Northern Territory, USA, p 1 - 9. TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC, Sd 11 (128), 11 - 2009 ^ - - 63 . vd diUfc nhdm theo cdc nhdm diem DitMii T-W 20-30 SL 0 % 0 31 - 40 SL 0 7c 0 4 SL 92 -50 % 66.18 51 SL 47 -60 9f 33.82 61 -70. 31 - 40 SL 0 7c 0 41 -50 SL 9 7c 6.48 5] SL 97 -60 7c 69.78 61 SL 26 -70 7c 18.71 71-80 SL 7 7c 5. 03 >80 SL 0 7c 0 (Sdlieu