CÁC LỖI SAI THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG VIẾT VĂN TIẾNG ANH (THI UMS AMS) TÀI LIỆU NÀY SẼ GIÚP CÁC BẠN TÌM HIỂU RÕ HƠN VỀ CÁC CẤU TRÚC, LỖI SAI THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG BÀI VIẾT VĂN NGHỊ LUẬN NÓI CHÚNG HOẶC THẬM CHÍ CẢ IELTS WRITING TASK 2
Tiếng Anh Thầy Nguyên – Ôn thi Chuyên Anh – cấp & MUST-KNOW STRUCTURES AND COMMON MISTAKES SENTENCE-BUILDING: MUST-KNOW STRUCTURES AS IF/AS THOUGH Football is now a business, but players are expected to act as if it was still a sport WHETHER OR NOT + CLAUSE People are starting to ask whether or not the evacuation was mishandled WHETHER + TO DO As regards one's career, people often find it difficult to decide whether to stay or go UNLESS Unless one has a photographic memory, repetition is vital in learning anything UNTIL You don't know what you can achieve until you try THERE EXIST + PLURALS | THERE EXIST + SINGULARS (=THERE ARE/IS ) There exists a widespread belief that There exists a looming energy shortage around the world WISH Many people wish that they had worked harder when they were young FIND IT + ADJ + TO DO SOMETHING As regards one's career, people often find it difficult to decide whether to stay or go IT IS + ABC + THAT People celebrate Tet in Vietnam It is in Vietnam that people celebrate Tet It is Tet that people celebrate in Vietnam = It is Tet that is celebrated in Vietnam She loves me It is she who loves me (WRONG: It is her…) INVERSION: NEGATIVE ADVERBS Never/seldom + auxiliary verb + S + verb Never have humans witnessed such cruel behaviours = Humans have never witnessed Seldom does one hear a polician say 'sorry.' = One seldom hears INVERSION: NOT Not for a moment did I think I would be offered the job, so I was amazed when I got it Not till I got home did I realise my wallet was missing FAIL + TO DO The government fails to bring down youth crime OTHERWISE Poor sound quality can ruin an otherwise beautiful film 1|Page Tiếng Anh Thầy Nguyên – Ôn thi Chuyên Anh – cấp & HAD IT NOT BEEN FOR Had it not been for foreign aid, the country would have never been lifted out of poverty ALTHOUGH/THOUGH/WHILE Although/though/while the industry was privatised it was not given its freedom HOWEVER The industry was privatised; however, it was not given its freedom The industry was privatised However, it was not given its freedom BECAUSE The reason the party is in this mess is because it has not been honest with the voters The party is in this mess is because it has not been honest with the voters Because = Since = For BECAUSE OF The party is in this mess is because of its dishonesty THEREFORE The party has not been honest with the voters, therefore, it is in this mess Therefore = As a result [neutral] = As a consequence [negative] WHOSE It is a Tudor house whose sitting room looks out over a wonderful garden (The sitting room of the house looks out over …) 2|Page Tiếng Anh Thầy Nguyên – Ôn thi Chuyên Anh – cấp & COMMON MISTAKES LỖI HAI ĐỘNG TỪ NO: Each year, there are more and more animals become extinct YES: Each year, there are more and more animals which become extinct YES: Each year, there are more and more animals becoming extinct Tại bạn hay sai lỗi này? Tiếng Việt khơng có chia động từ nên người học hay viết theo thói quen dùng động từ tự Tip: Luôn xác định rõ ĐỘNG TỪ với CHỦ NGỮ Nếu theo CHỦ NGỮ mệnh đề chia động từ bình thường, theo CHỦ NGỮ mệnh đề phụ phải nằm mệnh đề phụ (thường mệnh đề quan hệ) mang dạng v-ing/v-ed A PROBLEM NO: Education is a problem WHY? Problem mang nghĩa “vấn đề tiêu cực, vấn đề xấu.” Bản thân “education” khơng phải vấn đề xấu nên khơng phải “a problem.” YES: Education is one of the most controversial problems YES: Inequality in education is a problem A OR AN NO: an university, an useless method YES: a university, a useless method WHY? HOW? Sử dụng a/an cách phát âm định, cách viết FORMAL WRITING: NO ‘YOU’ No: You → people, one (= a person), a person Yes: I, we Best: one GIVING EXAMPLES: NAMES, FIGURES, A RESEARCH COMMON MISTAKES (TASK 2) Theo nghiên cứu Viện Khoa học Hoa Kỳ… 83% người đến khám bệnh viện tư tỏ hài lòng Một báo cáo Viện Hàn Lâm Điện ảnh Vương quốc Anh cho thấy… Vì câu lại khơng được? Ví dụ IELTS Writing Task KHƠNG CẦN bạn phải trích dẫn nghiên cứu khoa học hay đưa số liệu dẫn chứng xác Đơn giản là thi kiến thức; nữa, phòng thi, bạn tra cứu thơng tin đó, bảo đảm tính xác chúng PARAPHRASE ORIGINAL: The line graph shows changes in the population of China from 2010 to 2018 WRONG: The line graph describes the number of people who lived in China over the period from 2010 to 2018 3|Page Tiếng Anh Thầy Nguyên – Ôn thi Chuyên Anh – cấp & WHERE NO: I love New York where has/boasts many beautiful parks YES: I love New York where there are many beautiful parks YES: I love New York which boasts many beautiful parks WHY? Trong mệnh đề quan hệ, sau “where” mệnh đề (where + S + V) động từ WHEREAS = WHILE NO: You eat a huge plate of food for lunch, whereas, I have just a sandwich WHY? Whereas PHẢI liền với mệnh đề phía sau, tuyệt đối không thêm dấu phẩy NO: You eat a huge plate of food for lunch Whereas I have just a sandwich WHY? Mệnh đề whereas mệnh đề phụ thuộc, KHÔNG THỂ đứng thành câu độc lập NO: You eat a huge plate of food for lunch; whereas I have just a sandwich WHY? Mệnh đề whereas mệnh đề phụ thuộc, KHƠNG THỂ đứng thành vế độc lập câu (dấu chấm phẩy dấu chấm giống chức năng) HƯỚNG DẪN DÙNG ĐÚNG Whereas while phải DÍNH LIỀN với mệnh đề, sau whereas while KHƠNG CĨ dấu phẩy Mệnh đề có chưa whereas while mệnh đề phụ thuộc – phải DÍNH LIỀN với mệnh đề cịn lại, hai ví dụ You eat a huge plate of food for lunch whereas I have just a sandwich You eat a huge plate of food for lunch, whereas I have just a sandwich LƯU Ý You eat a huge plate of food for lunch whereas, he says, I have just a sandwich WHY? Trong câu trên, sau whereas có dấu phẩy câu “he says” phần insert, độc lập nên cần hai dấu phẩy để ngăn cách phía trước phía sau ALTHOUGH VS HOWEVER NO: They won the war, although, it cost them millions of lives WHY? Although phải DÍNH LIỀN với mệnh đề NO: They won the war Although it cost them millions of lives WHY? Mệnh đề ALTHOUGH phải DÍNH LIỀN với mệnh đề chính, KHƠNG đứng độc lập thành câu YES: They won the war, although it cost them millions of lives YES: They won the war, although, he says, it cost them millions of lives WHY? Trong câu trên, sau although có dấu phẩy câu “he says” phần insert, độc lập nên cần hai dấu phẩy để ngăn cách phía trước phía sau SO VS THEREFORE So: Được dùng sau trình bày lý với nghĩa “vì thế, vậy.” Đây từ nối informal, khơng nên dùng cho Writing Therefore: Có nghĩa tương tự “so” từ formal phù hợp với writing Thay “so,” bạn dùng từ sau cho Writing: Therefore = As a result = For that reason 4|Page Tiếng Anh Thầy Nguyên – Ôn thi Chuyên Anh – cấp & THOUSAND: WITH OR WITHOUT OF NO: two thousands people YES: two thousand people NO: thousands people YES: thousands of people This rule applies also to hundred, million, billion EACH & EVERY NO: Each students has a place in this class YES: Each student has a place in this class NO: Every students has a place in this class YES: Every student has a place in this class NO: Every/each student have a place in this class YES: Every/each student has a place in this class RULE: each, every + singular noun + singular verb MODAL VERBS Modals: can, should, may, might + infinitive (động từ nguyên thể không “to”) YES: can NO: can does TÍNH TỪ & TRẠNG TỪ Lưu ý: Trạng từ thường có ‘ly’ NO: Sports have particularly beneficial YES: Sports have particular benefits YES: Sports are particularly beneficial NO: Young people are more independently today YES: Young people are more independent today NO: There was a gradually decline in the number of new jobs over the period YES: There was a gradual decline in the number of new jobs over the period 5|Page Tiếng Anh Thầy Nguyên – Ôn thi Chuyên Anh – cấp & EACH + OF + NOUN or EACH + NOUN each + noun (each player) each + of + the + noun (each of the players) both players all players – all of the players most players – most of the players BA TÌNH HUỐNG CƠ BẢN TO BE + VERBS Be + adj: She is pretty Passive: She was beaten Continous: She was beating him when I came SUCH AS NO: You can try many local dishes such as: phở, bánh or cháo YES: You can try many local dishes such as phở, bánh or cháo RULE: Khơng có dấu : sau such as 6|Page Tiếng Anh Thầy Nguyên – Ôn thi Chuyên Anh – cấp & 7|Page ... a/an cách phát âm định, cách viết FORMAL WRITING: NO ‘YOU’ No: You → people, one (= a person), a person Yes: I, we Best: one GIVING EXAMPLES: NAMES, FIGURES, A RESEARCH COMMON MISTAKES (TASK 2) ... hay sai lỗi này? Tiếng Việt khơng có chia động từ nên người học hay viết theo thói quen dùng động từ tự Tip: Luôn xác định rõ ĐỘNG TỪ với CHỦ NGỮ Nếu theo CHỦ NGỮ mệnh đề chia động từ bình thường, ... changes in the population of China from 20 10 to 20 18 WRONG: The line graph describes the number of people who lived in China over the period from 20 10 to 20 18 3|Page Tiếng Anh Thầy Nguyên – Ôn