VAN
Qi LAO
DONG,
Viec
LAM
VA
QUAN
vf
DATDAITRONG
QUA
TRlNH
CONG
NGHlEP
H6A,
OO
THI
H6A
6 HA
NOI
HIEN
NAY
Hoang Xuan
Nghia*
Ha Noi Thu do cua ea nUdc, la diu
nao
chinh tri
hanh
chinh qude gia, trung tam
Idn
ve
van
hoa, khoa hoc, giao due
dao
tao,
kinh te
va
giao
lUu
qude te. Ndi day dang
dien ra cac quatrinhcongnghiephoa,do
thi hoa (CNH, DTH), phat trien kinh te thi
trUdng va tang trudng ra't
nang
dong (vdi to'c
do
10-11%/nam).
Cd the
ndi.
Ha
Noi dang
thay da ddi thit
ttoig
ngay,
tii mot thu do
truyen thong trd thanh thu do
ngay cang
giau dep,
van
minh, hiendaitrong thdi ky
hoi nhap. Tuy nhien, cd mat trai do toe do
CNH, DTH cao
va
tang trUdng kinh te nong
dang gay tac dong tieu cue tdi cac mat chinh
tri -
xa
hoi - dothi - moi trudng va gay ap
liic
Idn
len cong
tac
quan ly, dieu
hanh
vi mo ndi
chung; trong do,
lao
dong viec
lam va
cong
tac quy hoach, quanlydatdai tren dia
ban
dang ndi len nhU la nhiing van de ndi com
cin phai quan tam giai quyet.
1.
Van de thu hoi datva giai phong
mat bang
Trong giai doan trUdc khi md rong dia
gidi tii nam 2000-2008, Thanh pho
Ha
Noi
da thiic hien
ban
giao mat bing khoang
2.000 du an, trong tdng so' gin 3.000
dii
an
phai thu hoi dat
va
giai phong mat bang
(GPMB) vdi gin 10.000 hava hen quan tdi
hang van ho dan. Binh quan moi
nam
thu
hoi khoang 300
dii an
vdi tren 1.000 ha. Do'i
vdi
Ha
Noi md rong, chi tinh den 31-8-2008,
tren dia
ban
da cd hdn 800 du
an
diu tU yeu
ciu GPMB vdi quy mo hdn 12.833 hadat
phai thu bdi, lien quan den gin 120.000 td
chiic,
ho gia dinh va ca nhan; trongdo dU
kien phai bo' tri tai dinh cU
va
giai quyet
viec
lam
cho khoang 18.000
ho^
Ban Do an
Quy hoach Thu do mdi hien dang ehd Thu
tudng phe duyet da de xuit quy datdothi
tang tii 920
km^
Gan
diu) len 1.200
km^
(lin
dieu
chinh).
Nhu vay,
dii
kien trong vong 20
nam
tdi (2011-2030), dat cho dothi se tang
7 lin so vdi 1000 nam phat trien cua Thang
long HaNoi (hien trang dien tich HaNoi
la
180,5km^).
Neu thiic hien theo Ban Do an
Quy hoach
nay
thi tdi
nam
2030
Ha
Noi se
phai thu hdi GPMB 102.000 ha dat, chu yeu
la
dat nong nghiep
va
phai
bd^
tri viec lam,
ddi song cho
hang
trieu nong dan ngoai
thanh.
Qua trinhdothi h6a, congnghiephoa d
Ha Noi thdi gian qua thay vi
liy
dit xau, dit
ddi go, dit trung du mien
niii,
thi lai sii dung
ngay
cang nhieu dat canh tie, dat
liia
2 vu
lam
dothiva KCN. Rieng trong
nam
2008,
Ha
Noi thu hdi khoang 1.500 ha dat, trongdo
CO
hdn 900 ha dit nong nghiep trong
liia
2 vu
(gin 2/3 dien tich thu hdi); so' lao dong mit
viec
lam
do chuyen ddi muc dich sii dung dit
*
Ho^ng
Xuan Nghia, Tien
si,
Vien nghien
cvtu
phat trien KT - XH Ha Noi.
1 So lieu cua Ban
chi
dao GPMB Thanh pho, HN, 2009.
SA'41 (6/2011)
QUAN LY KINH
TE
llli'llj] NGHIEN Clhl TRAO
DPI
VAN
D£
LAO
BONG.
viec
LAMVA QUAN
L?
DAT
DAI
TRONG
nong nghiep tren dia ban
nam
2008
la
khoang 40.000 ngUdi. Huyen Thach That,
trong tdng
sd"
gan 2.882 ha da't se thu hdi cd
tdi 1.853 ha da't nong nghiep, lien quan tdi
15.618 ho dan. Dang sau nhiing dU an la cau
chuyen dai ve ddi song, viec
lam
cua ngUdi
nong dan. Chi rieng
xa
Van Canh (huyen
Hoai
Diic)
da ed 5 du an vdi tdng dien tich dat
se thu hdi len tdi gin 300 ha. Mot can bo
UBND xa cho biet: khi tat ea eac du an nay
di
vao
boat dong, gin nhU ngUdi dan trong
xa
khong con dit canh tie. HaNoi ciing da xay
diing De an giai phap ho trd dn dinh ddi sdhg,
dao
tao nghe
va
vieclam cho cac ho dan viing
chuyen ddi muc dich
sut
dung da't nong
nghiep, vdi 4 giai phap dUde dUa ra: thanh
lap quy ho trd, dn dinh ddi sohg, phd cap giao
due,
hoc nghe
va
tao viec
lam
cho eac ho dan
hi thu hdi tren 30% da't san xua't nong
nghiep. Tuy nhien tren thUc te nhiing ho trd
nay
chUa mang lai hieu qua nhU mong muo'n;
da
so'nong
dan than phien khong cd viec lam,
chi mot
so'
it dUde td ehUc hoc nghe, chuyen
ddi nghe.
Tao viec
lam va
dn dinh ddi song cho cac
ho dan bi thu hdi da't luon la va'n de nong,
kho khan nha't trong hau giai phong mat
bang. Theo mot dieu tra, sau khi thu hdi
da't giai phong mat bing, tren dia
ban
ed
58%
ngUdi dan diing tien den bii
xay
nha
e^a,
mua sim tien nghi, do diing; 2,55% ho
diu tu cho hoe nghe va
ehi
cd 1,27% ho diu
tu cho san xua't phi nong nghiep. Nam
2007,
trong tdng so' 20.000 lao dong bi thu
hdi dat d
Ha
Noi chi cd ehUa day
5.000
ngUdi dUde hoc nghe (chiem 25% so vdi
tdng so' ngUdi dan hi thu hdi dat) va so'
dUde
bo'
tri viec
lam
con it hdn niia. Nhiing
nam
qua.
HaNoi tien hanh thu hdi dat
giai phong mat bang do'i vdi hang
chue
van
ho dan, trongdo hang van ho phai
bd^
tri
tai dinh cU
va
chuyen doi nghe, nhUng
ciing cd hang van ho ehUa bo' tri dUdc viec
lam.
Dieu
nay
dang gay nhieu
biic xiie
ve
ddi sdhg, xa
hoi^
Co the ndi rang quatrinh CNH, DTH la
mot tat yeu khach quan, ben canh mat tich
cUe
thi ciing xua't hien cac tac dong tieu
ciic
can
dUde
tinh den va cd giai phap kip
thdi.
Ro
rang
do
toe
dodothihoaqua
nong,
ma
chu yeu docong tac quy hoach va
quan ly dieu hanh vi mo, ed cong tac quy
hoach, quanly Nha nUde ve da't daiva giai
quyet lao dong viec
lam
eon bat cap, thieu
ddng bo
va
chUa bam sat thiie
tiln,
da gay
ra cac he
luy
khong mong muo'n,
lam
cho
thanh qua phat trien khong den dUdc v6i
tat ca moi ngUdi. Bang ton tai nghich ly
Id
do thihoa md tinh trang ngheo doi
vdn
ton
tai
vd
bat binh ddng trong thu nhap c6 xu
hudng ndi rong ra. Mot vin de
Idn
dat ra
cho chinh sach congnghiephoa Viet Nam
va Ha
Noi thdi gian tdi, la
cang
di
vao
cong
nghiep hoathi san xuat nong nghiep cang
bi thu hep va ngUdi nong dan cang bi tach
khoi ruong da't. Viecdothihoa dit dai, cac
cong trinh xay diing, nha ciia
va lang
thon
cd the
dUde
thiie hien theo ke hoach, bing
cae bien phap hanh chinh. Tuy nhien qua
trinh nay ehi thuc
sii
thanh cong khi dothi
hoa dUdc ngUdi nong dan, dothi hoa
dUdc
lao dong nong thon ngay chinh tren viing
da't ho dang sinh sdhg;
tiic
la chuyen ddi
ho thanh mot cong dan do thi, lao dong phi
nong nghiep, de ho hoi nhap
vao
ddi song
va
van
minh thi trUdng, cong nghiep.
2
Hau
giai phong mat bang
S
Ha
Noi:
thUc
trang va giai phap. De
tM
trong diem TP
nam
2010.
1 QUAN Lt KINH Tl
So
41
(6/2011)
VAN
eg
LAO
BONG
vi£c
LAMVAQUAN LV BAT BAI
TRONG
NGHIEN ciiu TRAO
DPI
^jj^j
2.
Tinh trang nhieu
dii
an
cham
trien
khai hay thicong keo dai gay lang phi
nguon
lijfc
Du an "treo"
la
tinh trang kha phd bien
va nan giai trongcong tie quanly dit dai,
trat tu
xay
diing va phat trien dothitai eac
thanh
phd
Idn.
Thanh
phd
HaNoi dang tdn
tai nhiing
dii
an treo nhU:
dii
an ehd Cdhg Vi
(Ba Dinh) cao 6 tang vdi tdng dien tich
san
3000
m^
du
an
dudng 2,5 km tii khu
viic
do
thi mdi Dinh Cong ra quo'c 16
lA;
dU an khu
nha d di dan giai phong mat bang Kim Lien
La Thanh; dU an cai tao ha ting ky thuat
ho Ba Miu, hd Kim Lien;
dii
an mit giao
thong Ciu Tien;
dii
an bai
d6
xe Ho Bung
Ca Cac du an nay c6 tham nien hang chuc
nam
cd le, nhUng tdi nay nhieu hang muc
vin chUa khdi dong hoac thicong dd dang
nen congtrinh bi xuong cap, nhieu khu dat
Idn
cua
Ha
Noi sau khi giai phong mat bang
lai bo hoang hoa thanh bai tap ket vat lieu,
phe lieu, tu
di§m
ma
tiiy,
toi pham Dieu
nay
gay lang phi kinh te
va
anh hudng xau
tdi
xa
hoi moi trUdng, cuoe song
va
tam ly
biic xiic
cua ngUdi dan.
Theo Bo Tai nguyen
va
Moi trUdng,
nam
2007 chi tinh cac
dii an Idn
tai
Ha
Noi cd 29
du an "treo" vdi tdng dien tich
699
ha, gay
lang phi that thoat hang ngan ty ddng, diing
thii
5 trong cae tinh thanh cd nhieu
dii
an
"treo"
Theo cong
bd^
eua Sd Tai nguyen &
Moi trudng Thanh phd, tinh tdi 31/12/2007
tren dia
ban
ed 381
dii an
chUa trien khai
trong tdng sd 3.401
dii
an (tUdng dUdng
4.055 ha/33.143 ha) da giao va cho thue dit
tii
1/1/1993^
Du an "treo" ed nhiing nguyen nhan do
khau giai phong mat
bSng
ed nhieu vUdng
3 Thcli bao Doanh nhan so ra ngay 29/04/2008.
mic,
hoac cd che chinh sach thay ddi din tdi
sii
chenh lech gia den bii theo thdi diem giiia
nhiing ho dan trong ciing mot du an, do
khieu kien khien mot so'
dii an
dang trien
khai buoc phai
drfng
lai thanh tra; c6 nguyen
nhan lien quan tdi thu tuc hanh chinh
phde
tap trongviec len phUdng an den bu, xac
nhan nguon gdc
sxi
dung dit; chon nha thau
thieu
nang liic
nen khong du dieu kien thUc
hien dU an trong thUc te;
luat
phap
va
che
tai,
thanh kiem tra, giam sat viec tuan thu
tien do dU an,
thUe
hien quy hoach phe duyet
chUa nghiem; cuoi ciing, khong the khong ke
tdi cd che giao da't
va
dinh gia thue dit ciia
chiing ta con dedaiva bit cap nen bi lam
dung de
gam
dit, dau cd datdai DUdng
nhu cd each tinh
toin
ngim:
cU
xin dUdc du
an
la
da c6
Idi
bac ty rdi. Dieu
nay
gay cac
roi
loan
phUc
tap ve quanlythi trUdng dit dai
va
quanly kinh te.
3.
Van de khieu kien va tranh chap
ve datdai keo dai
Mot
so'
vu viec
xay
ra trong miy
nam
qua
la dang bao dong.
Ngay
13/12/2004 hang
tram ngUdi dan dia phUdng da tu tap tan
cong
lUe lUdng
bao ve
va
cac dai bieu tham dU
budi le khdi cong dU an san golf Van Tri
thuoc
xa
Kim Nd (Dong Anh). Tai dia
phUdng, cd van de thu hdi dit cho cac
dii an
qua
Idn.
Ngoai
dii
an
San
Golf,
con cd cac
dii
an
hd dieu hoa,
dii
an dUdng 5 keo dai
khien 1.000 ho trong tdng so' 2.500 ho dan
mit dat. Trung binh
eii
1 ho mat datthi cd 2
lao dong mat viec
lam.
Mae du nha thiu da
phai tang
mdc
gia den bii tii 2,5 trieu
d/sao
len 12 trieu
d/sao
va hd trd them 6 trieu ddng
cho mdi ho bi lay dat. Rieng
dii
an san golf
lay 128 ha keo theo 600 ho dan trong vung
So
41
(6/2011)
QUAN
LY
KINH
TE
[wn
NGHIEN
CIJU
TRAO DPI
VAN
BE
LAO
BONG,
VIEC LAM
VA
QUAN
Ly
BAT BAI TRONG
mit sinh ke. Nguyen nhan gay roi khong chi
do mot
so'
ngUdi qua khich, ma sau xa con do
ngUdi dan c6 ndi lo ling, bat dn ve cuoe sdhg,
cong
an
vieclam sau khi thu hdi dat GPMB.
Neu khong giai quyet thau dao tinh trang
nay
se gay kh6 khan thiic hien cae
dii
an
va
hau qua
xa
hoi khon
lUdng.
Ngoai ra, tren dia
ban
Thanh
pho'con
xay
ra mot so' vu viec tranh chip, khieu kien
ciing lien quan tdi dat dai
va
giai phong mat
bang. Tham chi, cd vu tranh chap da xay ra
x6 xat din den mot
so^
nhi
e^a,
phUdng tien
bi ddt chay, eac dien tich
liia,
hoa
mau
bi
pha hoai, mot so' ngUdi
qua
khich da c6
nhiing hanh dong tra thii buy hoai tai san,
cay trong vat nuoi. Nhiing hien tUdng neu
tren khong ehi gay tdn hai ve kinh te,
ma
hdn the con gay mat dn dinh ve chinh tri
xa hoi
va
sU phat trien ben viing.
Theo thdhg ke, tren ea nUde eo tdi 80%
trUdng hdp ddn thU khieu kien ciia cong dan
lien quan tdi cong tac quan ly, tranh chap ve
da't dai
va
giai phong mat bang. Tren dia
ban
chi tinh trong vong 5
nam
gin day,
thuoc tham quyen Thanh pho' da tiep nhan
va
giai quyet 1.106 vu viec khieu kien, to'
cao;
trongdo c6 585 vu lien quan den dit
dai,
xay diing, giai phong mat bang (chiem
53%).
Cac quan, huyen tiep nhan 3.305 vu
lien quan den dit dai giai phong mat bing
(chiem khoang 70% tdng
so'ddn
thu). Mot sd
vu viec sai pham ve datdai gay
bdc xiie
trong nhan
dan
da dUde xii ly theo quy dinh,
nhu du an mit giao thong Nga Tu Sd {xii ly
can bo cue thue quan Do'ng Da),
dii
an Quo'c
16 2 xa Minh Tri - Xuan Hoa, huyen Soc Sdn
{xii ly can bo Ban quan ly
dii
an huyen), cae
du an bai rac Viet
Hiing
- Dong
Anh.v.v ^
Tuy nhien, cac dien hinh giai quyet ddt
diem, kip thdi tranh
cha'p
khieu kien ciia
dan chUa nhieu. Tren thiic te', khong hiem
trUdng hdp, can bo do thieu nang
lUc
va
pham chat, da lam dung
chiie
quyen
va
cac
ke hd cua cd che chinh sach de true
Idi
ca
nhan, gay tdn hai cho
Idi
ich chung va
Idi
ich
cua ngUdi dan. Mot s6' vu viec hay trUdng
hdp da bi phat hien, phe binh, xii ly ky luat,
buoc dieu chuyen hoac cho thoi viec, tham
chi phai truy t6' trach nhiem hinh sU trUdc
phap luat. Day la tdn that
Idn
nhat - tdn tha't
can bo
va
niem tin
vao
chinh quyen, ben
canh mit mit ve tien cua vat chat do lien
quan tdi thit thoat, tham nhiing dit dai.
4.
Cac han che bat cap trong
ctf
che,
chinh sach quanly nha
nufdc
ve datdai
Cd the coi day la nguyen nhan cua cac
nguyen nhan.
TUu
chung d cac diem sau:
Cong tdc quy hoach vd quanly quy
hoach datdai con rat yeu, thieu can
ci2
khoa
hoc
vd thitc
tien. Cd hien tUdng
lam
quy
hoach tuy tien
va
chUa dUdc coi trong, mang
tinh hinh
thdc.
Viec td chiic thiic thi, thanh
tra kiem tra
va
che tai
x^
phat vi pham ve
dit dai chUa nghiem. Dae biet,
edng
tac lap
quy hoach da't dai khong phai
liic nao
ciing
di trUdc
lam
cong cu cho quanly Nha
nU6c.
ChUa dam bao
sii
gan ket, thohg nhat giiia
quy hoach dit daiva cae quy hoach phat
trien kinh te xa hoi khac. Cho tdi nay
chiing ta vin thieu mot s6'quy hoach dit dai
chuyen nganh tren pham vi ea nUdc,
viing
va
dia phUdng. Nhu thieu quy hoach ve cac
loai da't cho eac nhu cau phat trien cu the, vi
du, da't cho
ndng
nghiepva trong
liia,
trong
rutng,
cay dac san, nuoi trong thuy hai san,
dit d6 thiva KCN-KCX, tham ehi la cin
4 Hau giai phong
m&t
bang
ol Ha
Noi:
thUc
trang va giai phap. Detaitrong dilm TP
nam
2010.
QUAN
Lf
KINH
T£
So
41 (6/2011)
VAN
Bt
LAO
BONG,
VI£C
LAM
VA
QUAN
iif
BAT BAI TRONG
NGHIEN
COU
TRAO DPI
[^|jj^J
quy hoach
ca he
tho'ng
san bay, ben
cang,
dUdng giao th6ng,
khu du
lich,
san golf
tren
ca
nUdc
la bao
nhieu?
Vi
thieu
quy
hoach chung
ma
cac dia
phUdng
cap da't
tiiy
tien,
CO
tinh trang so'
san
golf nhieu
hdn ca
sd ngUdi chdi
golf; ho lam nhU vay vi
Idi
tich
cue
bo,
nhUng
c6 hai cho
Idi
ich
qude
gia.
Duy
tri qua lau cd
che
hai gia
trong tinh
boi
thiidnggidi
phong
mat
bang
vd
hach toan
chi
phi datdai dau vao cho cac
doanh nghiep
thue
dat. Keo
theo
la duy tri cd che
giao
dit
(hay
con goi cd
che^xin
-
cho) ddi
vdi cae
dii an
va
nha diu
tU.
Neu td
ehiie
dau
thiu ciing
chi
mang tinh hinh thiie,
ddi khi
dan
diing kieu
"quan xanh quan do",
ma
thiic chat
la
"thdng
thiu''.
R6't
cuoe,
ehi nha diu tu
va
ngUdi
ra
quyet dinh giao
dat
dii an
dUde hudng
Idi,
con
ngUdi
dan
va
Nha
nUde
deu bi
thiet
hai,
nhieu trUdng
hdp thi tdn
thit
nay
la rit
Idn.
Theo
cac
chuyen
gia,
c6ng
tac
quan
ly Nha
nude
ve dit dai
thdi gian
qua
diia vao
cd che
2
gia gia nha
nUde
quy
dinh
rat
thip
so vdi
gia trao
doi
tren
thi
trUdng thudng
cao hdn
nhieu
lin,
tham
chi
hang chuc
hang
tram
lin,
lam
that thoat nguon
liic Idn va
cd ban
ciia
xa hoi, cd
tinh toan
la tdi 70 ty
USD*
Ngoai
ra, do
kbdng
tinh
du cae chi phi diu
vao
la dit dai nen cac du an
khdng
the
hach
toan, kinh doanh hieu
qua.
Theo do,
edn
kbit
dau
tu du an de lay dit
cii
tang
len;
tinh
trang lang
phi,
tham nhung
ve dat dai
ciing
Idn
nha't
va
ngay
cang phiic
tap. Mot
s6'
lieu
cong
b6',
tren
ca
nUde
c6 1.300 can bo,
cong
chiic
bi
khdi
to', xii ly vi hen
quan
tdi
tham
nhiing
dit dai.
Cong
tdc boi
thUdng
thu hoi dat
gidi
phong
mat
bang
vi the
ciing
gap
nhieu
kho
khan,
mau
thuan
nan
gidi.
Do
dinh
gia bdi
thudng
qua
thip,
nen
ngUdi
dan c6
thai
do
bit
hdp tie,
khieu kien lien mien khong
c6
hdi
ket.
Trong
khi cae du an
phat trien kinh
te
xa hoi
khong
the
khdi cong hoac
bi keo
dai,
CO
du an vit qua
nhieu
ed che vdi
nhieu
nhiem
ky
lanh
dao
ma van
chUa
hoan
thanh.
Dieu
nay
lai
gay
tdn
that
Idn
cho xa hoi, bdi
thdi gian
keo dai nen ehi chi
phat sinh
bi doi
len nhieu
lin,
e6ng trinh cham
dUa vao
khai
thac
de
phuc
vu dan
sinh
va
kinh
te. Vi du,
du
an
dudng
Lac
Long Quan tren
dia
ban
quan Tay
Hd (Ha
Noi)
keo dai
ngot chuc
nam
va
chi phi
tang
tii 120 ty len 450 ty
ddng;
dU
an dudng
vanh
dai 3 keo dai
11 nam vao
chi
phi tang
tii 820 ty len
2.200
ty
ddng
HaNoi
Cling
ndi
tieng
c6
nhiing
con
dUdng
dat
nhit
hanh tinh: doan dUdng
tii 6 ehd
Diia
t6i
Trung
Tu
dii
kien
750 ty
ddng,
tUe
40
trieu
USD/km; doan dUdng Trin
Duy
HUng
Khuit
Duy
Tien - Nguyen Trai dU kien
1.300
ty ddng,
tiic
xap xi 14
trieu USD/km; doan
dUdng
tii
phd Dao
Tan tdi de
Budi
ehi phi cao
gip
5 lin
miic trung binh
the
gidi Nghich
ly
la, dUdng
cao to'c the
gidi
chi mit 1-1,5
trieu
USD/km, nhung chiing
ta dat tdi ca
chuc
lin.
DUdng nhien, ngoai
van de dU an keo dai bi
doi
chi phi thi con c6
nguyen nhan
do quy
hoach, quan
ly dit dai
chUa
tot
khien
gia ca
va
thi
trUdng
dit dai
bien dong manh
vdi
nhiing
eii
"so'c"
gia
chong
mat.
Thi
tri/dng
dat dai
d niCdc
ta,
nhat
la
tren
dia bdn Hd Noi,
hinh thanh
chUa
dong
bo
vd van
hdnh thieu
on
dinh,
xay ra
hien
tr/cfng
dau
ccf
vd
tdng
gid dot
bien,
gay hau
qua tieu
ciXc
tdi
phan
bo
nguon
lUc
vd
phan
hoa
thu
nhap
cua ddn
ciC.
C6 the noi, gia dit
diu
cd
va
liing doan
la he qua doc
quyen
ciia
nhiing nhom
Idi
ich
va
mat
khac
la
do bu6ng
long quan
ly nha
nUde
ve dat dai. Gia dat
* Theo GS. Dang Hung Vo.
S6'41
(6/2011)
QUAN LY KINH TE
iliUiilj] NGHIEN Cim
TRAO DPI
VAN
Ql
LAO
BONG,
VI£C
LAM
VA
QUAN
Lt
DAT
BAI
TRONG
liing doan cao mot each phi ly, kh6ng phai
do cung ciu hien thiic
va
kha nang thanh
toan eua thi trUdng quyet dinh. Theo cac
chuyen gia, binh quan gia datHaNoicao
hdn 2 lin so vdi TP Hd Chi Minh, xap xi
miic
gia cua cae thu do Tokyo eua Nhat Ban,
Matxedva cua Nga, Trong khi mat bang
thu nhap dan cU,
miie
hudng dung
va
kha
nang sinh
Idi
eua dit dai d HaNoi thap hdn
nhieu so vdi cac thanh
phd'ldn
tren the
gidi^.
Day
la
dieu bit hdp ly; hay nhu cau ndi "Ha
Noi tac dit tie vang" Su diu cd liing doan
day gia quacao ehi lam
Idi
cho mot so'ngudi
ed quyen
luc
dae biet vdi
thii
tai nguyen nay.
Trai lai, gay hau qua xa'u ve kinh te - xa hoi:
doanh nghiep
va
ngUdi dan deu gap kho
khan khi tiep can nguon
liie
dat dai, hoac
phai chip nhan ehi phi caode thue mat
bang kinh doanh, tao diing nha d. Dieu nay
lai khien mdi trudng kinh doanh Thu do
kem hip din, siic canh tranh eua hang hoa
va doanh nghiep giam
siit,
gia tang chenh
lech dieu kien song
va
phan hoa giau ngheo.
5.
Mot so kien nghi ve hoan thien
chinh sach dat dai,
lao
dong vieclam
trong quatrinhdothihoavacong
nghiep hoa
d
nxidc ta
Nham hoan thien quanly Nha
nUde
ve
dit dai, giai quyet lao dong viec
lam
trong
qua trinh CNH, DTH theo yeu ciu phat
trien KTTT dinh hUdng XHCN va hoi nhap
eua nUdc ta trong giai doan mdi, chiing toi
xin neu mot
so'
dinh hudng giai phap cho
Ha
Noi
va
ea nUde nhu sau:
Thit
nhat, khan
triicfng
tao lap dong bg
cdc yeu
to'
vd the che
ccf
bdn cua thi tri/dng
dat dai. Trong dd, cd td
chde san
giao dich,
cd quan tham dinh gia chuyen nghiep, edng
thong tin
liiu
trii ve nha dit vi
xay
dUng ehi
so'
gia BDS (gio'ng nhu ehi so gia vang,
dola,
chiing khoan). Tang cUdng quanly nha nUdc
ddi
vdi thi trUdng da't dai,
lap
lai ky eUdng
va
trat tu, dUa thi trUdng nay di vao van
hanh dn dinh, lanh manh. Thiie hien nhat
quan ed che thi trudng trong phan bd nguon
lUc
dit dai phuc vu cho tang trudng
va
cai
thien ddi song nhan dan.
Thit hai, dam bao quyen sd
hihi toi
cao
vd quanly thohg nhat cua nhd
niCdc
ve ddt
dai. Nha nUdc td chiic giao dat thong qua dau
thiu du an, ap dung cd che gia thi trUdng,
kien quyet xoa bd bao cap ve dit dai, chong
diu cd
va
tham nhiing da't dai. ThUc hien
phan pho'i lai
Idi
ich tii datdai tren nguyen
tie nha nude phai thu dia to
va miic
chenh
lech gia do diu tU nha nUdc
vao
ha ting, do
quy hoach
va
chuyen ddi cong nang
va
quyen
sii dung da't dai dem lai. Nhan dan va cac td
chiic,
doanh nghiep dUde nhan thue dat, giao
da't theo gia thi trUdng va eo quyen
stf
dung
dit dn dinh lau dai, dUdc chuyen nhUdng, gop
voh
va
den bii theo thi trUdng ciing vdi trach
nhiem tai chinh diy du.
ThvC
ba, hoan thien cong tdc quy hoach,
ke hoach
sic
dung dat dai. Quy hoach, ke
hoach
sii
dung da't dai phai theo nguyen tic
phan bd hdp lyva hieu qua nguon
liic
da't
dai cho eac nhu eiu diu tU
phit
trien
va d6i
sohg; nha nUdc lap quy hoach datdai thohg
nha't cho ea nUdc,
ttoig
viing
va
dia phUdng,
dam bao duy tri quy da't dn dinh cho cac yeu
ciu ed ban nhu an ninh, quo'c phong, kinh
te,
dan sinh; viec chuyen ddi cong
nang
va
muc dich sii dung dit phai do cac cap c6
tham quyen phe duyet, tham chi d cap cao
nha't phe duyet (nhu
Qude
hoi); ciing cin
5 Thuc trang va giai phap giai quyet nha
h
cho
ngucli
thu nhap tha'p
6
Ha Noi. Detaitrong diem TP
nam
2008.
QUAN
Lt
KINH TE
So
41 (6/2011)
VAN
Dt
LAO
BONG,
VlEC
LAM VA
QUAN
LY
BAT
BAI
TRONG
NGHIEN CtilU TRAO
BOI
^^[j]
phai tinh toan chi phi cd hoi va hieu qua
kinh te xa hoi diy dii khi ra quyet dinh
chuyen ddi, ban che tdi da liy dit nong
nghiep, nhat la dat
liia
cho muc dich cong
nghiep dich vu.
-
Thi2
tii,
dieu chinh md hinh congnghiep
hoa, dothihoa vd to'c do thu hoi ddt gidi
phong mat bdng cho phii hdp. Trong bdi
canh tai ed ca'u va chuyen ddi mo hinh tang
trudng hien nay, Thu do cin
dUde
thiic hien
mo hinh congnghiephoa,dothi boa ben
vQng
theo nguyen tic gin ket
hUu
cd giiia
cong nghiep boa, dd thi boa vdi giai quyet
ddng bo vin de "tam
nong'';
phat trien nong
nghiep, nong thon hai boa ve kinh te - xa hoi
do thi moi trUdng. Xay diing nen nong
nghiep Thu do theo hudng nong nghiepdo
thi sinh thai, sii dung cong nghe caova tao
ra gia tri cao, khai thac hieu qua cac nguon
lUc
quy gia cua HaNoi la lao dong vadat
dai.
Trong do, ngUdi nong dan la chii the
sang tao ra
cac
gia tri mdi va dUdc hudng
Idi
ich tii quatrinhcongnghiephoa,dothi boa.
Tom lai,
xii
ly hdi hoa mot quan he giiia
phat trien cong nghiep, dothi vd vdn de
"tam
nong"'
dd
Id
cdch thiic ton taitrong qud
khii
1000 ndm cua Thang Long, dong thdi
cung
Id
thdch thiic phdt trien day ky vong
cua Thu do Hd Noitronghientai vd
tUdng
laf.
Chi tren ed sd giai quyet tdt moi quan
he
nay,
nUdc Viet Nam, trong dd c6 Thu do
Ha
Noi Thu do cua quo'c gia nong nghiep
vdi hen
van
hien
va
van minh
liia
nUdc hang
ngan
nam tudi, mdi cd the canh tranh, phat
trien va trUdng tdn trong thdi dai toan cau
hoa
va
kinh te tri thiic./.
6 Hoang Xuan Nghia: Phat trien kinh te hang h6a Thang Long - Ha Noi, quy luat chung
va nhQng
bieu hien
dac
thii.
Hoi thao
Quoc
te Viet Nam hoc
Ian thii
2, Dai hoc Quo'c gia Ha Noi., 2009.
S6'41
(6/2011)
QUAN
LY
KINH
TE
. VAN
Qi LAO
DONG,
Viec
LAM
VA
QUAN
vf
DAT DAI TRONG
QUA
TRlNH
CONG
NGHlEP
H6A,
OO
THI
H6A
6 HA
NOI
HIEN
NAY
Hoang Xuan
Nghia*.
lam
do thi va KCN. Rieng trong
nam
2008,
Ha
Noi thu hdi khoang 1.500 ha dat, trong do
CO
hdn 900 ha dit nong nghiep trong
liia
2 vu
(gin 2/3