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Gidi thieu Nhimg van de ddi vdi ngUdi khiem thj Theo ke't qua dieu tra eiia Td ehufc Y te The gidi nam 2004, tren the gidi hien ed khoang 161 trieu ngudi mil va ngudi nhupc thj. Nhifng ngudi nay cung ed nhu elu dupe tiep can tdi sach bao, tin tUc, nhu nhu clu cua ngUdi sang mit va ddng gdp mdt phan vao xa hdi. Tuy nhien, ed tdi 95% lupng sach tren the gidi khdng bao gid ed d dang ma ngUdi mil va ngUdi nhupe thj khdng the tie'p can va ed the dpc dupc dd la dang sach in ed chif to, sach chtf ndi hoac am thanh sd Tinh trang nay hlu nhU xay ra d tit ca cae qud'e gia, tU nUde ngheo nhlt den nUdc giau nhat. Khdng ai biet dugc quy md, mifc dp dap ifng nhu elu eho ddi tupng sif dung la ngUdi khiem thj ra sao, ehi biet mdt dieu rang nd khdng edng bIng, khdng hpp ly. Kha ddn gian de ed the giai thich ring, dieu dd cd nghTa la dd'i tupng ngudi diing tin nay khdng cd eae mifc lUa chpn eho viec dpc cuia hp. Day cung chinh la mong mudn eiia IFLA nham thue day sU tie'p can khdng gidi han tdi thdng tin tri thife cho ngudi khiem thj. Mdt phin quan trpng cuia van de nay ed the quy eho gia thanh eiia viec chuyen ddi In pham dang in an sang cae khudn dang phii hpp de dd'i tUdng ngudi diing nay ed the sif dung la rat dat, mac dii nhtfng tien bd cua cdng nghe thdng tin vin phat trien khdng ngUng. Cung nhu vay, luat ban quyen da tao ra nhieu rao can trong viee chia se ngudn lufc thdng tin. Su phat trien cuia Internet trong nhieu thap ky qua da tao nhieu kha nang mdi dd'i vdi viec dUa thdng tin de'n ngudi khiem thj va ngUdi khdng khiem thj, nhung mdt khao sat dupe edng bd nam 2004 bdi uiy ban Quyen Ipi eiia NgUdi tan tat ciia VUdng qud'e Anh eho thay 81% eae dja ehi Web khdng dap ifng dupe nhifng yeu elu ed ban ve kha nang tiep can thdng tin eua ngudi diing tin. Va tat nhien dd'i vdi ngudi nhupc thj thi hp ludn di sau cae dd'i tupng ngUdi dimg tin khae, tham chi trong viec tie'p can vdi may tinh. Chi phi de ed dupe suf hd trp ciia edng nghe - thdng tin cung nhu gia thanh eiia may tfnh ludn la van de eho ngudi khiem thi. Ngudi khiem thj vd cimg thiet thdi bdi suf thie'u thdn sach bao va thdng tin, hdn the ntfa suf phan chia sd hda ra ddi cang lam cho quyen Ipi cuia hp bj anh hudng. Can bd thU vien ed the ddng mdt phin quan trpng trong viee hUdng nhifng nd lufc eiia minh vao tinh trang mit can bIng nay. Cac thu vien eho ngudi khiem thi Rat khd de cd the khai quat hda ve sU khdi ngudn va tie'n trien cua eae thu vien dd'i vdi ngudi khiem thj bdi nhtfng dieu kien, hoan canh da dang eiia mdi nude tren the gidi. Da ed nhifng bai vie't va bai nghien eifu dupe trinh bay d mdt sd hdi nghj eua IFLA eho thay ed rat nhieu md 72 hinh khae nhau trong viee quan ly, eung nhu ngan sach hoat ddng ciia cae thu vien dd'i vdi ngudi khiem thj. d mpt vai nude nhu Anh va Canada, eae thu vien chuyen nganh eho dd'i tupng ddc gia nay da dupe xay dufng tU the ky 19 eho tdi nay ehung van dang hoat ddng bdi suf hao tam eiia eae nha tU thien hoac cae td chifc, nhtfng ngudi tinh nguyen. Mdt sd thu vien eho ngudi khiem thj d chau a va chau Phi dUde thanh lap bdi eae nha truyen giao. d mdt vai nUde khac, loai hinh thUvien nay dupe xay dufng va phat trien do eac td chifc hoac trung tam phue hdi chirc nang cho ngUdi tan tat. O My, chinh phii chju trach nhiem giao due va dao tao ngudi khiem thj va luat da dupe thdng qua nam 1931, ve eung cap eac djeh vu thu vien cdng edng mdt each binh dang vdi sU hd trp Djeh vu Thu vien Qud'e gia danh cho ngUdi khiem thj va ngudi tan tat. d Thuy Dien eung vay, eac djeh vu thUvien eho ngUdi khiem thj dupe bao dam bdi luat Thu vien chtf ndi va Sach ndi (Talking Books and Braille Library - TPB) tdn tai nhu mdt thue the rieng biet, nhung nd dupc tfch hpp vao eae djeh vu thu vien Idn dupe cap ngan quy hoat ddng bdi Nha nude nhu mdt bd phan ciia he thdng thu vien cdng edng. Mdt sd nude khae nhu Nam Phi, ed eae md hinh tUdng tu dang tdn tai, d dd eac thu vien cho ngudi khiem thj la mdt bd phan ciia dich vu thu vien qud'e gia. Trong bat cuf bdi canh chfnh trj nao, eae thu vien eho ngudi khiem thj la cae Cd quan gin nhu ddn nhat bdi vl hp khdng ehi eung dp cac djch vu thdng tin va thu vien cho ngudi khiem thj, ma edn chju trach nhiem xult ban sach d cae format de ngudi khiem thj cd the sir dung. Neu khdng cd eae hoat ddng nay eiia cac thU vien thi ehi ed mpt sd lupng rIt nhd tai lieu cho ngudi khiem thj, bdi d hlu he't eae nUde thi trudng thuong mai cho loai sach nay vd cimg han che. Viin canh ehung nhat la mdi qud'e gia ed mdt hoac mdt vai thU vien danh rieng eho ngudi khiem thj, va chuyen eung dp sach theo nhieu khuon dang khac nhau, nham dap ifng nhu elu eho eac dd'i tupng ngudi khiem thj khac nhau nhu sinh vien, hpc sinh Tuy nhien, thufc te viec san xuat va eung dp dang tai lieu chuyen biet cho dd'i tupng ngudi dimg nay ndi ehung cdn han che bdi sU ton kem ve ehi phf, vl vay qui md san xuat va cung dp edn tUdng dd'i nhd va rdi rac. Viec chuyen ddi tai lieu dang in sang dang cd the suf dung dupe cho ngudi khiem thj ddi hdi yeu clu cao ve ky nang va trang thie't bj chuyen dung. Cac thu vien eho ngUdi mil phai can nhac eung dp djch vu td't nhlt eho nhtfng ngudi d vimg sau, viing xa eua dat nude; hd trp hp trong viee lufa chpn va eung dp sach va thdng tin; tao eho hp ed cam giac dupe sif dung djch vu thU vien nhu nhtfng ngudi binh thudng khae trong cdng ddng xa hdi. Oe thUe hien dupc chire nang nay, eac thU vien eho ngudi khiem thj phai ft nhieu ed sU hpp tac vdi cac djch vu eiia cac thU vien Idn nhu he thdng thuvlen edng cdng va giao due. Trong mdt the gidi ly tudng, eae thu vien Idn se thUe hien viec dap irng nhu elu eho tat ea eae ddi tupng ngUdi sir dung tiem nang eiia thUvien. Tai hdi nghj IFLA duge to chUe d Glasgow nam 2002, Libraries for Blind Section (mdt bd phan eiia IFLA) da td ehife cudc thao luan kha gay gat ve sU tdn tai eua eac thu vien chuyen biet cho mdt bd phan dan cUdae biet la mdt dang kiem duyet. Cudi cimg, da sd y kie'n eho ring, eae thu vien Idn dap irng nhu clu eho tat ca eac dd'i tUpng ngudi sir dung tiem nang va eac thu vien chuyen biet vin edn hifu ich eho ngudi khiem thj. ThUc te, md hinh hpp tae giifa eae thU vien chuyen biet tren va cae thU vien Tap chi THU VIEN VIET NAM 3(19) 73 cdng cdng la kha da dang. Cae dai dien d cae hdi nghj IFLA gin day de'n tU Trinidad va Tobago, Canada, Anh, Thuy Dien, Han Qud'c va Viet Nam da lam sang td cae md hinh hdp tac tren dang tdn tai nhu the nao, dd la mdt loat mdi quan he tU td ehife tinh nguyen ve cae duf an dac biet tdi sU hdi nhap eiia dly du eac ITnh vufc khae dupe ngan sach eiia ehinh phii hd trp Trude day, eac thu vien eho ngudi khiem thj ed khuynh hudng kha tuf nhien la chi tap trung vao ngudi mil. Trong nhtfng nam gan day, nhieu thu vien cho ngudi mil da nhan ra rang cac ky nang va suf cung dp eua hp ed the la htfu ich tUdng tuf dd'i vdi nhifng ngudi nhupc thj khae. Tuy nhien, trong mdt vai trUdng hpp, dieu nay da dupe phan anh trong chinh nhifng ten gpi ciia ehung, vf du: Djeh vu ThUvien Qud'e gia eho NgUdi mil va NgUdi tan tat eua My, Thu vien Sach ndi va Chif ndi Braille eiia Thuy Dien IFLA IFLA la mdt td ehUe qud'e te difng diu dai dien eho quyen Ipi ciia cae djeh vu thu vien, thdng tin va ngudi sir dung cua hp. Dd la tieng ndi toan clu cuia eae chuyen gia thu vien va thdng tin; la mdt td ehife ddc lap, qud'c te, phi chfnh phu va phi Ipi nhuan. Muc dfeh cuia nd la: - Nang eao chat lupng eung dp djch vu thu vien va thdng tin; - Khuyen khfch sU hieu bie't mdt each rdng rai ve gia trj cuia djeh vu thUvien va thdng tin ed chat lupng; - Oai dien quyen Ipi cho cae thanh vien ciia nd tren toan the gidi. De thuyet phue eho nhifng mue dfeh nay, IFLA ludn de eao bdn gia trj cdt Idi: + Tan thanh nguyen tic tU do truy cap thdng tin, tri thirc, y tudng, khai niem nhu trong dieu 19 cua Tuyen ngdn toan eau ve quyen eon. ngudi. + Mdi ngudi dan, edng dong va eac td chifc dupe tie'p can mdt each binh dang va rdng rai ve thdng tin, y tudng ve xa hdi, giao due, van hda, dan ehii va kinh te + Cae djeh vu thu vien va thdng tin ed chat lupng eao se bao dam eho viee truy cap ciia ngUdi sir dung dugc nhanh va chfnh xae hdn. + Trao quyen tdi tat ea eae thanh vien eua Hiep hdi d eae nude de tham gia va giup fch eho mpi hoat ddng eiia Hdi ma khdng phan biet dd la ngUdi tan tat, ngudn gd'c dan tdc, gidi tfnh, vj tri dia ly, ngdn ngif, quan diem chi'nh trj, chimg tdc hoac tdn giao. IFLA eung hd trp mdt loat nhtfng Uu tien ve nganh thu vien nhu sau: - Ong hd vai trd eiia cae thu vien trong xa hdi - Ung hd nguyen tic tuf do thdng tin - Day manh xda mil thdng tin, dpe va hpe tap lau dai - Ho trp viec tie'p can khdng han che thdng tin - Can bIng quyen sd hifu tri tue eiia tac gia vdi nhu elu ngudi sir dung - Thue day chia se ngudn lUe thdng tin - Bao quan di san tri thife - Dao tao cae chuyen gia thu vien - Thiie day eac tieu ehuan, hudng dan va eac ifng dung td't nhlt - Hd trd Cd sd ha ting eho eae hiep hdi thu vien Nhu vay ed the thay IFLA img hd manh me trong viee binh dang tie'p can thdng tin trong dd ed lien quan de'n nhung kha nang tie'p can thdng tin, dd'i vdi ngUdi khiem thi. 74 Nhu ten gpi eiia minh, eae thanh vien euia IFLA bao gdm nhifng ed quan Idn, hien cd khoang 1.700 thanh vien. Cdng viee eiia nd la hudng dan, quan ly cae thanh vien ehu ye'u la tren cd sd tinh nguyen, thdng qua mot chUdng trinh gdm mdt loat cae hoat dpng dupe coi la mang tinh hat nhan va thdng qua cae hoat ddng eiia eae phdng ban, bd phan tap trung ehii ye'u vao cac khu vufc, ye'u td dja ly va cae ITnh vufc chuyen mdn thu vien. Hang nam, IFLA td chifc dai hdi mang ten Oai hdi Thu vien va Thdng tin the gidi (Worid Library and Information Congress - WLIC) va ed mdt ehUdng trinh xuat ban eac tai lieu ciia td ehife nay. Toan bd thdng tin ve IFLA va eae tai lieu lien quan de'n td chUe nay ed the dupe tim thIy trong www.ifla.org. Bd phan Khiem thi cCia IFLA Bd phan Khiem thj - mdt trong 47 bd phan, phdng ban eiia IFLA va la mdt thanh vien eiia Phdng III - phdng dai dien eho cae thu vien phuc vu edng chiing ndi ehung (phdng bao gdm nhieu bd phan). Phdng nay dupe dat ra nham ludn cap nhat nhifng thdng tin mdi nhat cimg vdi nhtfng tie'n bd, phat trien cua nd va de phdi hpp nhjp nhang vdi nhau trong cae hoat ddng lien ke't eiia cae thU vien cdng edng, thu vien thie'u nhi, cae thUvien phue vu ngUdi tan tat Bd phan Khiem thj eiia IFLA dupe hinh thanh vao nam 1978 ehi vdi qui md la mdt nhdm lam viee va chfnh thufc trd thanh Bd phan vao nam 1983. Tai thdi diem mdi thanh lap, nhdm lam viec cung da xae djnh nhifng van de dn thue hien nhu mdt chie'n lupe la: Su dn thie't phai danh gia, xem xet eae ngudn tai lieu eho ngudi khiem thj ed the dugc sii dung tren the gidi; Xae djnh va ehuan hda eac dang san pham thdng tin; sU dn thie't hinh thanh mdt he thd'ng mUpn qud'e te ed hieu qua va cudi cimg la phUdng thirc phdi hpp de suf dung edng nghe. Mae dii mdi trudng xa hpi va mdi trudng thdng tin da cd nhiTng thay ddi dang ke, song tat ca nhifng ke hoach ma nhdm lam viec de ra vin cdn mang tfnh thdi sU cho de'n ngay nay va hien tai nd van nam trong ke hoach hoat ddng eiia Bd phan. Hien nay Bp phan Khiem thj ed khoang 79 thanh vien d 41 nude, gdm cae chuyen gia dae biet eho ngUdi khiem thj, cac thu vien Idn va eac td ehufc thu vien tu khap ndi tren the gidi. Cae thanh vien cua Bd phan nay ehii ye'u d chau Au, Ble My va eae khu vUe phat trien khac tren the gidi. Ndi ed sd lupng thanh vien cao nhat la Ha Lan, Nhat Ban, Canada, Dan Mach, Tay Ban Nha va Phap. Dieu nay eho thay sd lUdng eac thu vien va djch vu thU vien eho ngUdi khiem thi rat dupe quan tam d eae nUde phat trien, ddng thdi nhUng vin cdn thie'u d cac nude dang phat trien. Mue dfeh nhifng ke hoach ehien lUde ciia Bd phan Khiem thj la lam sao ed the thu hut them nhieu thanh vien mdi. Nd eung xem xet, danh gia, md rdng pham vi euia minh tdi nhu elu eiia ngudi khiem thj, nham bao quat nhu clu eiia tat ea dd'i tupng dn dupc tie'p can tdi cac djeh vu thu vien. Gid'ng nhu eac Bd phan khae eiia IFLA, Bd phan eae thUvien eho ngUdi khiem thj dugc quan ly bdi mdt iiy ban Thudng trufc gdm gin 20 thanh vien dupc blu ra, trong dd difng dau la chii tjch hdi ddng, thU ky chii tjch hdi ddng va mdt can bd thdng tin. Nhung thanh vien eiia uiy ban la nhtfng tinh nguyen vien, gdm eac dai dien eiia eae thu vien eho ngudi khiem thj hoac dai dien eua cae td chifc cd hoat ddng lien quan den ngudi khiem thi d 14 nUde tren the gidi, trong dd Phap'(2), Difc (1), Ha Lan (1), Thuy Dien (1), Oan Mach (1), Phin Lan (1), Nga (2), Anh (2), Cdng hda Ireland (1), Nam Phi (1), Canada (1), My (2), Han Qudc (1) va Nhat (1). Sued mat eua dai Tap chf THU VIEN VIET NAM 3(19) 75 dien eae nudc dang phat trien hlu nhu khdng ed. Mue dfeh cuia iiy ban thudng true la chju trach nhiem ve viee thuc hien va phat trien theo ke hoach eae ehien lUde eiia Bd phan Khiem thi, va dupe kiem tra, giam sat hai lln/nam va ciT2 nam lai dupe thay ddi eho phii hdp vdi ehinh sach euia IFLA. Muc dich la: - Lam viee vdi eae td chirc dd'i tae de xay dung mdt thu vien mang tfnh toan elu cho ngudi khiem thj - Tao lap va cung dp nhiTng hUdng din va ifng dung td't nhat eho kha nang suf dung eac djeh vu thu vien va thdng tin. - Tie'p thj va hoat ddng hd trp cae djeh vu thu vien dd'i vdi ngudi khiem thj - Khuyen khfch dao tao va tie'p tue dao tao can bd thu vien trong ITnh vufc hoat ddng nay. Cae muc tieu nay dupc thue hien thdng qua ke hoach hanh ddng va cae phuong phap da dang sau: mdt ehUdng trinh md tai WLIC hang nam, hdi thao bd phan hang nam, td ehife cae cudc hpp khdng thudng xuyen, thuc hien eae du an lien quan den viee xult ban cac nghien ciTu hoac cac tieu ehuan ve ITnh vUe nay, tham gia vao eae hoat ddng khae eua IFLA Cac hoat ddng noi bat cQa Bg phan Khiem thi: - Djnh hudng hoat ddng Nhu da neu d phan tren, mdt trong nhiTng mue tieu eiia Bd phan Khiem thj la thie't lap va hd trp nhtfng djnh hudng phat trien, eung nhu nhirng ifng dung td't nhlt vao thue tiin trong eac djch vu thu vien va thdng tin. Dieu nay da dat dupe mdt sd ke't qua trong nhtfng nam gin day bang mdt loat eac dU an nghien eifu vdi quT hoat ddng true tie'p tU IFLA. Dd la eac nghien eiru nhU: HUdng dan truy cap va mupn lien thu vien cae dang tai lieu khae nhau, Cac thU vien eho ngUdi khiem thj trong thdi dai thdng tin: nhtfng dudng Id'i eho suf phat trien; Thie't ke va xay dung he thd'ng thu vien sd dupe tfch hdp: nhiTng hudng din Ben canh dd, eac cudc hdi thao cung eung dp nhtfng phan trinh bay htfu fch ve ifng dung thufc tiin cd the phuc vu tdi dd'i tUdng ngudi diing nay mdt each rdng rai. Ngoai ra cdn ed mdt sd nghien eifu khae dupe trinh bay nhU: Cac thu vien va edng tac giao due trong thdi ky so: phue vu ngudi khiem thj d vimg Caribe va My la tinh (hdi thaoACURIL/IFLALBS, 2002), Suy nghT ve van ve truy cap va ve cae thu vien (hdi thao dugc td chifc tai Dai hdi Lien doan NgUdi khiem thj tren the gidi) - Qng dung edng nghe sd vao phat trien eac san pham, djch vu thUvien. Cdng nghe sd da lam thay ddi ca cac djeh vu thu vien va thdng tin dupe td chifc va phan phdi, chif khdng chi rieng dd'i vdi dich vu eho ngudi khiem thj. Thufc te, ft khi cae thu vien danh cho ngUdi khiem thj tu san xuat sach eho dd'i tupng ngudi dimg nay. Bd phan Khiem thj eua IFLA ludn quan tam de'n nhtfng phat trien eiia cdng nghe trong tie'n trinh chuyen dang tai lieu phue vu ngudi khiem thj cho ngay cang cd hieu qua. Trong nhtfng nam qua, nhieu cudc hdi thao va trien lam euia Bd phan Khiem thj da trinh bay nhieu duf an ed tfnh chat sang kie'n, ddi mdi trong ITnh vUc san xuat chif ndi, anh xuc giac (cam nhan bIng xue giac), tai lieu in ed chif to Lfu viet hdn, Bd phan Khiem thj la noi sinh ra sach ndi sd (digital audio book). Hien dupe hdn 70 ed quan, td ehufc d 40 qud'c gia tren the gidi suf dung. Suf phat trien cuia DAISY da trd thanh mdt chuan qud'c te cho phUdng tien truy cap sd. 76 Hien tai, Bd phan Khiem thj dang tie'p tue tap trung vao cdng viee ifng dung cac cdng nghe mdi vao eung dp eac san pham td't hdn va cd che, ky thuat phan phdi tien Ipi hdn. Cac thanh vien cua hp dang tim kiem tiem nang cua cae san pham sd, giao dien sd, kho chifa file sd, san pham va sU phan chia cac loai sach theo yeu du, phan phdi dien tir va vai trd trong tUdng lai ciia cae thU vien trong ky nguyen sd. Vdi edng nghe mdi va re hdn, md hinh truyen thd'ng ve hoat ddng ghi am theo yeu du cd the dupe thay the bang phUdng phap mdi, nhu vay sach cd the dupe san xuat d dang ed the suf dung dupe hoac cd the phan phat den ngUdi tieu dimg dUa tren yeu elu eua hp. Bd phan Khiem thj da td ehufc cac cudc hdi thao d Stockport (1999) va Glasgow (2002) chuyen de ve chia se kinh nghiem trong viec phat trien thu vien sd. Chu de nay dupe coi la quan trpng de'n miTc ma nd hlu nhU dugc de cap de'n trong hlu he't cac chUdng trinh hdi thao. Cdng viee tien phong ciia Vien Qudc gia Canada cho ngUdi khiem thj (CNIB) la phat trien mdt he thd'ng thU vien sd tfch hpp, vdi sU hd trd eiia Microsoft. Dieu nay da thiic day Bd phan Khiem thj euia IFLA xuat ban cud'n Thie't ke va Xay dUng He thd'ng thU vien sd tfch hpp vao nam 2005. He thd'ng mdi nay dupc trinh diin tai mdt diin dan do Microsoft td ehire d Redmond, Washington vao thang 11/2004 cho eac thanh vien cuia Lien hiep DAISY va Bd phan Khiem thj ciia IFLA. - Van ddng hanh lang va phdi hpp hoat ddng O mufc dp qudc gia va qud'e te, Bd phan Khiem thj da lam viee rat tfch cue de tranh thii sur img hd, hd trp tU cae ehinh phii va cac td chUe qudc te. Mdt trong nhtfng mue dich quan trpng la sU anh hudng, tac ddng cuia hp dd'i vdi luat ban quyen, de khdng bj ngan can viee chuyen thdng tin sang nhiTng dang tai lieu eho ngUdi khiem thj ed the sijf dung dupc hoac cd the chia se, trao ddi qudc te nhiTng tai lieu nay. Lam viee ciing vdi Lien Hiep DAISY va iiy ban cae van de ve Luat va Ban quyen ciia IFLA (IFLA's Copyright and Legal Matters Committee), Bd phan Khiem thj da gay dupc anh hudng eua minh tdi Lien minh chau Au va Td ehufc Sd hifu Trf tue The gidi (Worid Intellectual Property organi- zation - WIPO). Ket qua la, WIPO da de xuat mdt md hinh luat ban quyen gdm nhung ngoai le dd'i vdi tai lieu eho ngudi khiem thj Ngoai ra, Bd phan nay edn thanh cdng trong viee phdi hpp vdi Hiep hdi Ngudi Mil The gidi de tae ddng tdi Hiep hdi Buu dien Toan elu bao ve quyen dupe miin phf gufi thU qud'c te qua bUu dien cho ngudi mil. - Thu vien eho ngUdi khiem thj tren toan elu Khdng nUde nao tren the gidi ed the ndi rang ngudi khiem thj d nude hp dupe sir dung djeh vu thU vien mdt each binh dang, va hien tai tit ca cae thUvien eho ngudi khiem thj deu phai chju suf thieu thdn ngudn tai lieu. VI the, dieu quan trpng bay gid la tat ca cae thu vien phai ciing nhau lam viee va chia se ngudn tai lieu nay. Tai mdt diin dan d Redmond, Washington vao thang 11/2004, cae thanh vien ciia Lien hiep DAISY va Bd phan Khiem thj eiia IFLA da thda thuan ring ea hai td ehUe mudn lam viec cimg nhau theo each hudng tdi mdt thu vien ao toan du eho ngudi khiem thj. Nhifng vin de nay gdm: lien ke't phat trien vd'n tai lieu, kha nang truy cap td't hdn tdi cac catalog cua cae thu vien khac, thue hien mupn lien thu vien Ket qua la ngudi diing ed the suf dung mdt each de dang hdn eac loai sach va se giam dupe van de triing ban khi bd sung gitfa eae eo Tap chi THU VIEN VIET NAM 3(19) 77 quan, td chifc. - Hd trd cae nude dang phat trien Bd phan Khiem thj ludn quan tam dae biet trong viee img hd cac nude dang phat trien. Rao chan ve ehi phf da ngan can thanh vien tU nhtfng nude nay tham gia vao cae suf kien eiia IFLA. Bd phan Khiem thi eung dang tim kie'm sU hpp tac mdt each manh me hdn tU nhufng nude ngheo tren the gidi. Trong nhieu nam qua, cae cudc hdi nghj giifa nam cua uiy ban Thudng trufc dupe td ehire tai mdt sd nude dang phat trien, hdi nghj thudng thufc hien vai trd la nhan td xiie tae thuc dly cho cae cudc hdi thao hoac hdi nghj d dia phUdng hoac trong vimg. Ke't qua la da ed eac eude hdi thao dupc td ehife d Rabat (2002). Zagreb (2003), va Vilnius (2004). Bd phan Khiem thj edn phdi hpp vdi quy FORCE tham gia vao cae du an phat trien khac, ddng thdi hpp sufc vdi Quy Ulverscroft ciia Anh de td chirc mdt giai thudng "iTng dung td't nhat" tren toan elu. Nhifng ngudi doat giai thudng da thUe hien du an mdt each hiTu fch trong viee hd trp cae nude dang phat trien. - Phat trien dpi ngu nhan vien Mdt thanh td quan trpng trong tat ea eac cdng viec dugc md ta d tren la sUtan tam trong dao tao va phat trien nhan vien. Ndi ehung, ed rat ft thu vien cho ngudi khiem thj (hoac cae trung tam, td ehUe tUdng tu nhU vay) hoat ddng chuyen nghiep d mdi nude, vl vay mdt trong cac hoat ddng nUa cuia Bd phan Khiem thj la hd trp tfnh chuyen nghiep eho cae thu vien nay. Bat dau tU eude hdi nghj diu tien ve chuyen mdn d Marburg nam 1983, cho den gin day, Bd phan Khiem thj da td chifc djnh ky hai nam mdt lln ve van de nay, dd la Washington DC (2001); Marburg - Dufc (2003) va Gothenburg - Thuy Dien (2005), Grahamstown - Nam Phi (2007). Hlu nhu ndi dung eua eac hdi nghj da dUpc dua len trang Web ciia Bd phan Khiem thj. Sd lupng ngudi tham gia mdi hdi nghj khoang tU 100 de'n 150 ngudi, va hdi nghj dupe danh gia la diin dan ly tudng cho viec hpc tap ve kie'n thirc va kinh nghiem trong ITnh vuc chuyen mdn nay. Giai thudng "ifng dung tdt nhat" dupc ddng td ehife vdi Quy Ulverscroft vao cae nam 2003, 2004, 2006 (nhU da de cap d tren) da tao cd hdi eho mdi ca nhan lam viee vdi mdt thUvien eho ngudi khiem thj khae nhau d eac ndi tren the gidi trong mdt thdi gian ngln. Ke't thuc eude thi, ed 5 ngudi dupe nhan giai thudng thude eae nudc Nam Phi, Nigeria, Nauy va Anh. Cach thife lam viec nay da tang eudng mdi quan he gitfa eac thu vien va tao cae ed hdi phat trien cho eae ea nhan tham gia eude thi. Tat nhien la khdng phai tat ea mpi ngudi deu ed ed hdi tham gia eae cudc hdi nghj, hdi thao qud'e te hoac ed ed hdi gap gd trufc tie'p vdi ddng nghiep d eae nude khac nhau. Bd phan Khiem thj da suf dung ca hai phUdng phap truyen thd'ng va hien dai de eung dp kinh nghiem bang each da xuat ban ban tin ndi bd theo djnh ky hai nam mdt lln bang cae thif tie'ng Anh, Nga va Tay Ban Nha, hoac cd the tu do truy cap tren trang Web cua IFLA eung nhu d tai lieu dang in va dang ndi eiia DAISY. Cac bai bao chfnh thirc dupe dang tai tren trang Web eiia Bd phan Khiem thj qua Website eua IFLA vdi dja ehi vvww.ifla.org/WII/s31/index.htm Ket luan Su tie'n trien eae mue tieu eua Bd phan Khiem thj cd the chUa nhanh ne'u khdng ndi la edn cham, bdi nhtfng han ehe ve ngan sach va suf lien ket ed thien ehf giifa eae thanh vien. NhUng nhtfng Xem tiep trang 71 78 sd ngudi lai eho rang thanh vien thUvien nen gidi han d nhdm dac biet. Cac quan diem khac chi ra viec thie'u hieu bie't ciia con ngudi ve vai trd eiia mdt thU vien qud'e gia. Trong khung Luat LUu chieu, chi nhtfng tai lieu in la phai nop lUu chieu. Luat lUu chieu khdng bao ham ca cae tai lieu nhu bang dTa, film Luat LUu chieu dugc dua tren 3 Sic lenh. (1) Sac lenh ve bao nam 1939. (2) Sac lenh ve in an va xult ban nam 1885 va (3) Luat in an nam 1902 khdng dupe sira ddi va dUa ra ap dung tU dd. Trong ehUdng trinh trao ddi qud'e te, SLNLSB ludn yeu elu eae td chifc giri bit ky tai lieu tie'ng Anh nao cho Thu vien, nhung mdt vai td ehufc khdng thue hien dung yeu clu nay. Thu vien mong mudn trao ddi xuat ban pham tie'ng Phap, Difc nhUng lai nhan dupc cac tai lieu tieng Trung Qudc, Han Qudc la nhtfng tai lieu ft ngudi quan tam. Tuy nhien, cae xuat ban pham vin dang dupc gifi deu dan de'n Thu vien Qud'c gia. Cd nhieu khd khan phai dd'i mat vdi suf thay ddi eiia xa hdi tang nhanh. Xa hdi thay ddi nhanh chdng va thu vien qud'e gia cac nude the gidi thif ba dang phai dd'i mat vdi nhtfng khd khan va thach thifc mdi. Mdt loat nhtfng thay ddi xa hdi nhu bao ve ngudi tieu dung, quyen cdng bang cho phu nif, phan biet chiing tdc, phat trien giao due, ngudi tan tat, thay ddi nghe nghiep, nan that nghiep, an toan sife khde rat de de tim kie'm thdng tin, bao ve mdi trudng ed the dupe dat ra. Mdi sU thay ddi tao ra nhifng nhu clu khae nhau hoac md rdng them cac djch vu khae nhau va tao ra mdt loat cae hinh thai mdi de dap Ung nhifng nhu elu mdi. Kei luan Bat chap nhtfng van de khd khan, Thu vien Qudc gia da hoan thanh mpt lupng edng viee rat Idn trong vdng 50 nam qua. Dae biet la viee len ke hoach, img dung va duy tri cac dU an la thir thach Idn. Ngay nay tat ea eac thanh tUu da dat dugc, nhifng phat trien vUdt bae eua ITnh vUc djeh vu thu vien va xuat ban la deu ed sur ddng gdp hieu qua eiia SLNLSB. AN KHANH lugc dich theo: "National Library in the knowledge based society" THUVIEN CHO NGUOI KHIEM THL. Tie'p thep trang 78 anh hudng tfch cue ciia nd la phii hdp vdi mdi quan tam cua eae thanh vien va tap trung vao nhifng ke't qua ifng dung. Mae dii edn nhieu khd khan, Bd phan Khiem thj van hoat ddng tfch cure va ehii ddng trong sudt hdn hai mUdi nam qua. Tuy nhien, cac thU vien eho ngUdi khiem thj vin dang phai dd'i mat vdi nhifng khd khan nhU: Lieu hp ed dap ufng dUde nhtfng nhu elu ngay cang tang eiia sd lupng ngUdi khiem thj hay khdng? Nhu elu ciia dd'i tupng ngudi dimg nay cd dugc dap irng mdt each hieu qua khdng? Day la nhifng eau hdi eIn cd Idi giai dap, ddng thdi, cin cd them nhieu suf iing hd, benh vUc dau tranh vl quyen ldi cho nhtfng ngUdi khiem thj ve ITnh vufc nay trong thdi gian tdi. NGUYIN TRONG PHUONG Theo tai lieu nude ngoai. Tap chf THU VIEN VIET NAM 3(19) 71 . ehi ed mpt sd lupng rIt nhd tai lieu cho ngudi khiem thj, bdi d hlu he't eae nUde thi trudng thuong mai cho loai sach nay vd cimg han che. Viin. sach bao va thdng tin, hdn the ntfa suf phan chia sd hda ra ddi cang lam cho quyen Ipi cuia hp bj anh hudng. Can bd thU vien ed the ddng mdt phin

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