Slide 1 Group 6 Meaning intentions PRESENTERS 1 Tran Thi Thu Hien 2 Vo Thi My Hanh 3 Hoang Le Hanh 4 Nguyen Thi Huong 5 Pham Phuong Hoa 6 Nguyen Duong Ha 7 Do Thi Hong Diep 8 Le Ngoc Han 9 Vu Lan Huong 10 Hoang Thi Diem Hang Instructor Dr HA CAM TAM OUTLINE PART I INTRODUCTION Communication Accidental information transmission Intentional Communication PART II MEANING(NN) AND INTENTIONS Meaning Intentions The link between Meaning (NN) and Intentions The first hypothesis The second hypothesis The.
Group Meaning- intentions PRESENTERS Tran Thi Thu Hien Vo Thi My Hanh Hoang Le Hanh Nguyen Thi Huong Pham Phuong Hoa Nguyen Duong Ha Do Thi Hong Diep Le Ngoc Han Vu Lan Huong 10 Hoang Thi Diem Hang Instructor: Dr HA CAM TAM OUTLINE PART I : INTRODUCTION I Communication II Accidental information transmission III Intentional Communication PART II : MEANING(NN) AND INTENTIONS I Meaning II Intentions III The link between Meaning (NN) and Intentions The first hypothesis The second hypothesis The third hypothesis PART III : CONCLUSION MEANING AND INTENTIONS PART I: INTRODUCTION I Communication HOW DO HUMANS COMMUNICATE? How humans communicate? with language Linguistic communication without language Non-Linguistic communication ☺ Humans: capable of inferring (‘working out’, ‘reasoning’) and decoding a speaker’s intended meaning Non-human communication Human comunication > Is an automatic coding- > Relies to a massive decoding process extent on the intensions behind communicative behaviour, and the inferential recognition of those intensions A quizzical look and a glance at tables ↓ “Which table you want to sit at?” A fake silver ↓ “I want to sit at the table inside.” These are in virtue of the intentions behind the behavior in question What is communication? Communication as something like “the transmission of information” TYPES OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION ACCIDENTAL INTENTIONAL COVERT OVERT I 1.Scenario Mr X (my good friend) My intentio n I intend to have some effect on Mr X Question about Scenario Does the photograph, or my putting the photograph in the bag meanNN anything? Analysis of scenario I’m keeping intentions I describe above for myself I don’t want Mr X to know about my intention to convey information to him Not a case of meaningNN Analysis of scenario Grice thought that intuitions are all important here The secrecy (or covertness) of my actions—i.e the fact that I keep my intentions to myself— seem to rule out my meaningNN by them The second hypothesis “To mean something is to intend to produce a response from an audience by behaving in a certain way, and, moreover, to have that intention recognized.” Scenario II: This time I am a private detective who has been hired by Mr X, who is suspicious about his wife and Mr Y… I’ve been following Mrs X, have tracked her and Mr Y down to a hotel, and have managed to take an incriminating photograph of them kissing in the hotel lobby As soon as I have had the photo developed I pay a call on Mr X, and when he brings me a cup of coffee I show it to him. Question about Scenario II: Does the photograph, or my showing it to Mr X meanNN anything? Analysis of scenario The photo of Mrs Y and Mr X kissing means they are having an affair (1) The fact that there is a photo of them kissing means that Mrs X and Mr Y are having an affair (OK) (2) The photo means ‘Mrs X and Mr Y are having an affair.’ (Pretty weird) (3) This photo means that Mrs X and Mr Y are having an affair, but they are not having an affair (Odd) Intentional communication but not meaningNN The third hypothesis “To mean something is to intend to produce a response from an audience by behaving in a certain way, to intend to have that intention recognized, and to intend the recognition of this intention to play some role in producing in the audience the intended response.” * Scenario III: I am a private detective, and again I have been hired by Mr X to investigate his wife’s activities Again I follow Mrs X, again I catch her kissing Mr Y, but unfortunately my camera isn’t working What I do? Well, I know that Mr X will want to know as soon as possible, so I head straight for his house On entering I realize how hard it will be to communicate with him—Mr X can’t speak English and I can’t speak Hungarian What can I do? Do a quick sketch and show the sketch to Mr X *Question about Scenario III: does the sketch, or my showing it to Mr X meanNN anything? Analysis of scenario My sketch only meansNN something, and I only meanNN something by showing it to him, because the recognition of my intention to inform Mr X that his wife is having an affair plays a crucial role in him discovering that is indeed the case 3rd hypothesis: the link between meaning and intentions (3)To mean something Is: to intend to produce a response from an audience by behaving in a certain way to intend to have that intention recognized to intend the recognition of this intention to play some role in producing in the audience the intended response References Grice, P (1957) Meaning In Philosophical Review 66; 377-88 Reproduced as Chapter 14 of Grice, P (1989) Studies in The Way of Words Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Sperber, D (1995) How we communicate? In Brockman, J & K Matson (eds.) How Things Are: a science tool-kit for the mind. London: Phoenix Recanati, F (1998) Pragmatics In Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, vol 7, 620633. London: Routledge (not in departmental file) PART III : CONCLUSION ... : MEANING( NN) AND INTENTIONS I Meaning II Intentions III The link between Meaning (NN) and Intentions The first hypothesis The second hypothesis The third hypothesis PART III : CONCLUSION MEANING. .. groans a little and holds out her arms to her mother PART II: MEANING( NN) AND INTENTIONS I.I Meaning Meaning Meaning Natural Non-natural “natural” vs “non-natural” meaning Natural meaning: what... appropriate? Second test MeaningN and direct quotation Paul Grice theory of meaning Formalizing the relationship between meaningNN and intending/ meaningNN something and intending to convey