Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourthyear students of English faculty in Thuongmai University ABSTRACT Today, in the context of globalization and integration around the world, the role of translators is increasingly enhanced, especially in economic texts Ony knowing a English does not mean you can become a good translator We must be fluent to use vocabulary and grammar in both mother language and foreign languages, the knowledge of diplomacy and the difference between the two cultures So, we are able to convey content from the source language to the target language completely Realizing t.
ABSTRACT Today, in the context of globalization and integration around the world, the role of translators is increasingly enhanced, especially in economic texts Ony knowing a English does not mean you can become a good translator We must be fluent to use vocabulary and grammar in both mother language and foreign languages, the knowledge of diplomacy and the difference between the two cultures So, we are able to convey content from the source language to the target language completely Realizing the importance of translators, TMU has officially introduced Translation to the final-year English major students However, the students all encounter certain problems related to the English-Vietnamese language and culture Seeing their negative impact on these students' academic performance, this small study was conducted to identify some common diffculties in the process of translating from English to Vietnamese in the field of economic The purpose of the research is to find reasons of these common difficulties and provide a number of methods to help students learn well in translation, having their own experiences in the future Therefore, in the hope of improving students’ ability to translate with the enthusiastic help of participants, I hope this research will be a neccessary tool for everyone ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the time of my graduation paper, I really appreciate the great support and guidance from teachers, parents and friends First and foremost, I would like to send my sincere thanks to all the teachers teachers of the Thuongmai University, especially the teachers in the English faculty who created the conditions for me to study and develop many skills in a very dynamic environment Next, with the deepest and most sincere affection, allowing me to express my gratitude to my direct instructor, Mrs Phan Tu Lan who spend much time on guiding, editing, and giving necessary advice so that I can complete this graduation paper Besides, I would like to thank all final-year students of English faculty at Thuongmai University They enthusiastically shared useful documents to each other Last but not least, I want to express my gratitude to my family.They took care of me and motivated me to complete my graduation report more easily Finally, during the process of writing graduation paper, I can not avoid mistakes because I am lacking in knowledge and skill I am looking forward to receiving your valuable comments and suggestions for graduation paper I wish you good health, happiness, and success in your life Ha Noi, Friday, March 6th, 2021 Sincerely thanks! Student Tran Thi Mai Lan TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES vi CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Previous studies 1.2.1 In the world .2 1.2.2 In Vietnam 1.3 Aims of the study 1.4 Research subjects 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Research methodology 1.7 Organization of the study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Translation theory 2.1.1 Definition of translation 2.1.2 Significance of translation 2.1.3 Types of translation 2.1.4 Criteria for a good translation version 11 2.1.5 Translation strategies and methods .12 2.1.6 Translation strategies .14 2.2 Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese 15 2.2.1 Difficulty in translating the major word .15 2.2.2 Difficulty in translating the abbreviation 15 2.2.3 Differences in language structure 15 2.2.4 Misunderstanding about culture 16 2.2.5 Words and choices of word meaning .16 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH FINDINDS 17 3.1 Methodology 17 3.1.1 Research questions 17 3.1.2 Participants .17 3.1.3 Data collection method 17 3.1.4 Methods of data analysis 19 3.2 The results of the study .19 3.2.1 The survey questionnaire’s results: .19 3.2.2 Discussion of the findings .28 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 31 4.1 Limitations of the study .31 4.2 Suggestions 31 4.2.1 Suggestions for students 31 4.2.2 Suggestions for teachers and teaching methods of Thuongmai University 33 4.2.3 Suggestions for further studies .34 CONCLUSION 35 REFFERENCES 36 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS NO i ii iii Abbreviation TMU SL TL Meaning Thuongmai University Source Language Target Language LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Chart 3.1: The students’ opinions about learning translation .19 Chart 3.2 The reasons why students learn translation .20 Chart 3.3 The amount of time students spend on studying translation (as self-study) 21 Chart 3.4 Difficulties students have to face when translating from English to Vietnamese 21 Chart 3.5 Reasons that make you have difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese 22 Chart 3.6 Solutions to improve translation from English to Vietnamese of students .23 Chart 3.7 Solutions for students to improve their vocabulary, grammar and their knowledge about economy 24 Chart 3.8 Solutions students often after they finish their translation .25 Chart 3.9 The factor students was influenced during their translation between their sense of learning and teaching methods of their teachers 26 Chart 3.10 Expection of students about what the teachers need improve during their translation lesson .27 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1.1 Rationale English is said to be the first global language and it is the most widely used language in the world in international trade, diplomacy, mass entertainment, international telecommunications, Nearly 60 countries use English as their primary language, besides their mother tongue and nearly 100 countries use English as their second language There are also over 1,130 million native speakers However, every country has its own language and has some differences in habits, cultures, traditions, These countries that not use English, must know two languages at the same time to communicate with international friends English translation is born to help people who have difficulty learning or acquiring a second language Nowaday, business, trade and commerce have become international It is an undeniable fact that English is the only common language to communicate with the present growing commerce and trade between companies from all over the world as well as Vietnam Therefore, the translation of economic and commercial documents from English to Vietnamese plays an important role Recognizing the importance of translation, TMU has introduced Translation into the subject The teachers teach the students how to translate English into Vietnamese and how to translate Vietnamese into English However, most students often find that they have a lot of difficulties during learning process In my research, I will investigate the common difficulties in learing translation encountered by the final-year English major students at TMU and suggest some solutions to this problem Therefore, I would like to conduct the study entitled “Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourth-year students of English faculty in Thuongmai University” I hope this study will help them find out their difficulties and provide them some solutions to learn translation more easily 1.2 Previous studies Research topics on issues “the difficulties of learners in English translation” have been studied by many different researchers around the world in general and in Vietnam in particular 1.2.1 In the world Through surveying the research on translation issues, I see that there have been many documents on this issue A article named ‘Students’ difficulties in translating english text by JOALL( Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature) The objectives of this research were to identify types of error in translation, students’ difficulties in translating text, and factors which influence students’ error in translating in English department of State Institute for Islamic Studies Bengkulu This research used descriptive quantitative method The results of this research showed that students’ difficulties in translating English text, were elliptical errors (67.29%), idioms (87.5%), and textual meaning (73.54) The difficulties of students in translating were lack of vocabulary (87,50%), difficult translating Islamic texts (75,00%), literary works (66,66%), and grammatical issues (62,50%) Then, the factors affected students’ error in translation were ignorance of ellipsis; unable to identify ellipsis, idiom, and lexical meaning; lack of strategy in translating ellipsis, idiom, and lexical meaning; translating words per word; most students lack a strong background on the content of the text It was concluded that the students got three types of error in transalation, four points difficulties in translation, and six factors which influence the students’ error in translation Ibrahim (2017) has conducted research about an investigation of difficulties of translation which faced by Sudanese students in Dongola University His research aims were to find out kind of difficulties in translation, introducing pupils‟ difficulties in detail, and how to overcome the problems The data were taken from Dongola University consisted of 30 students Questionnaire was used to take the data of the study He reported that Sudanese University students in College of Education in the second semester find students‟ difficulties in translating because of grammatical categories, linguistic level, lexical items, and some differences between source language with the target language 1.2.2 In Vietnam A study named “Problems in Translation Facing Vietnamese EFL College Learners” written by Do Na Chi The paper investigates how Vietnamese EFL college learners undertake translation tasks and the effectiveness of those translated versions in comparison with the Vietnamese documents Examining 10 translated texts of 10 participants, the findings reveal a high volume of inaccurate translated items caused by word-by-word translation technique and the influence of Vietnamese language Advices are provided to help educators and learners modify the program and teaching methods A study named “Difficulties and expectations in learning written translation at Dong Thap University” by Nguyen Thi Hong Tham and Bui Thi Huyen Tram This study was conducted to find out the students‟ difficulties as well as their expectations when they begin to learn written translation in order to make suggestions that can partly help them overcome these obstacles in studying this course Besides that, the study also aims at making some suggestions as a useful reference helping adjust learning and teaching method to get a better result in learning and teaching process The research methods used in this study are the questionnaire- a list of questions to find out the difficulties that students usually face and the interview questions which used to meeting students‟ expectations in learning the subject A study named “ “Difficulties in Learning the Translation of Students majoring in International Relations” by Hien Le In the process of conducting the research, the writer has used both qualitative and quantitative methods.The purpose of the research is to find out and explain these difficulties, and at the same time offer a number of methods to help students can study Translation well, have their own experience in the future The researcher has limited his research subjects to the 2-class students TA39A and TA39B, Department of English, Diplomatic Academy Above are some studies in the world and in Vietnam All studies find out what common problems students face and how to overcome it The studies will help readers have a more specific view of difficulties about learning translation from English to Vietnamese and gain experience for themselves 1.3 Aims of the study This study has three main purposes as follows: - To overview of the basics of translation - To point out the common difficulties faced by English faculty students, and explain the reasons for these difficulties - To propose a number of options to help students overcome the above problems 1.4 Research subjects The subjects of this study are the fouth-year students of English Faculty at TMU The study is concentrated on their common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese with the participation of 50 seniors who are learning Business English 1.5 Scope of the study The idea of this study comes from the writer’s observations and experiences after semesters of learning translation in the English Faculty Because of limiting about time, the study only focuses on exploiting the most basic issues in translation from English to Vietnamese of the final-year English major students at TMU 1.6 Research methodology In the process of conducting research, the writer used both qualitative and quantitative methods Methods of data collection including collecting information about research history Qualitative methods are used to analyze, synthesize and explain the difficulties faced by English language learners The quantitative method helps to convert data into percentages Database of research was collected from books and trusted websites 1.7 Organization of the study This study includes four main chapters, organized as follows: Chapter 1: Overview of the study This chapter includes the rationale, previous studies, aims of the study, research subjects, scope of the study, research methodology and organization of the study It points the reason why the author chose to research this study and the methods for the fulfillment of the study Chapter 2: Literature review The relevant theoretical backgrounds are revised in this chapter as the base for the research being carried out It focuses on the concepts of translation in general and the common difficulties and the reasons of them Chapter 3: Methodology and research findings i The factor students was influenced during their translation most between their sense of learning and teaching methods of their teachers Chart 3.9 The factor students was influenced during their translation between their sense of learning and teaching methods of their teachers It easily can be seen from the chart, the students influenced by their sence of learning English speaking only students account for the highest proportion (90%) 10% for the remaining factor: teaching methods of the teachers Translation was a difficult subject, teaching methods of teachers were very important However, doing well or not was still a subjective factor of each student Students must have an interest in the subject and had a sense of self-discipline Under the guidance of teachers in class, students needed to spend time at home to complete homework as well as practicing many other skills to get the better results 26 j Expection of students about what the teachers need improve during your translation lesson Chart 3.10 Expection of students about what the teachers need improve during their translation lesson As can be seen from the chart, the number of students meeting the expectation that the teacher should not put too much emphasis on time and score account for the highest percentage (74%) This showed the general pressure of the students when doing exercises if the teacher asked to get points Next, 65% of total students hope that teachers should make an interesting atmosphere in class The more comfortable and friendly the classroom was, the more interested students will be in learning Encouraging teamwork and spending much time on discussing and correcting their mistakes accounts for 42% and 40% of the total students, respectively Each assignment when tasked to a group will help students be more responsible for it After that, teachers should spend a lot of time on discussing and correcting their students' mistakes This helped students quickly realize their strengths and weaknesses and got more experiences At the same time, it also created a close relationship between teachers and students In addition, 6% of the number of students desired to reduce the amount of homework This idea was rarely mentioned by students because they were 27 afraid of their teachers The sufficient amount of homework would limit the pressure on students 3.2.2 Discussion of the findings After collecting opinions and analyzing data, the researcher had the following research results: Firstly, most of the students had a positive attitude toward translation.The number of students who found translation difficult but interesting account for approximately two-thirds (64%) of the total number of students participating in the questionnaires.However, most students only spent 1or hours per week learning translation Secondly, researcher summarized the rates and saw the causes of difficulties: Of the difficulties surveyed, the number of “Misunderstanding about culture” made up for the highest percentage (72%) Linguist Nida Eugene said: "The meaning of a word is determined by the syntactic content and cultural content" Therefore, only when students have understood the difference in cultural meaning between two languages, at the same time overcoming the cultural impediment to understand and explain the language created by the cultural difference between the two languages Therefore, from that to understand the cultural implications of the article or words, go one step further to grasp the exact meaning that the text language needs to convey For translators, if there is no comparative knowledge of culture, it is difficult to express or explain exactly the original Today, the students were very lazy to learn culture They had considered culture to be complementary knowledge until they learned translation In the English faculty of the business university, students said there were a cultural subject such as American culture, English culture, in the curriculum but it often had too much knowledge and focused on theory Most of the students felt bored and learned translation only because they wanted to pass the subject Next, 65% of total students also had difficulty translating abbreviation This difficulty was very common because nowadays, many terms and names of organizations that are abbreviated to ensure brevity and concise Abbreviation is the most difficult thing for translators to remember and understand Therefore, if students 28 did not spend time in finding out them on the Internet or reading some other documents, they would not know any abbreviation Difficulty in translating major words also was a challenge encountered by 58% of total students In economic literature, there were often specific terms that could not be replaced with proximate words Accrording to students, economic terms were difficult to memorize because they were very complex Students would often choose to ignore these abbreviation and keywords in the text if they did not know.They all got the low mark after that Students realized that the key point in specialized translation is that they must have a rich vocabulary and knowledge of the specific field being translated Next, 30% of students found “words and choices of word meaning” difficult A word in English or Vietnamese can have many different meanings Therefore, it was essential to study the meaning of words and use them in many contexts Studnets were ambiguous about the meaning of the word, leading to the use of meaning that was not appropriate with the context This could lose the accuracy of the original text Continuing to investigate, the researcher found out the main causes for these difficulties were the skill of using Vietnamese and basic English is not good The skill of using Vietnamese and basic English is not good In order to well in Translating, students must use fluent words and grammar in both their native language and foreign language There were many students, especially those who did not come from Hanoi, were used to using the local language, so sometimes they were not familiar with Vietnamese, leading to not fluent in using Vietnamese And the reason why students were fluent in basic English is that they started to learn English late (many places due to lack of facilities, so students up to secondary school can start learning English) Not being able to teach and learn English well when they were in high school and did not well in basic English subjects when they were a first and second year student in the English department Therefore, not to mention economic English, being able to fluently translate text in basic English into Vietnamese and vice versa had been a big challenge for many final year students.Some students shared that the reason was their attitudes towards subjects and psychological subjects The attitudes of learners had a great influence on the learning outcomes of the Translation subject From observations, the researcher found that up to 95% of the students studied felt that 29 translation was a boring subject and showed an uncooperative attitude with lecturers during and outside of class time This was shown by not paying attention to listening to lectures, not actively building lessons, not doing homework Because Translation was a highly academic and specialized subject, so it was difficult for teachers to find to create an attractive learning method for students In addition, because the psychology wanted the translation results to be "euphonised",during the translation process, many students had caused big changes and sometimes changed the semantics of the original sentence to match the writing style target language (this phenomenon was especially common when students were doing English-Vietnamese translations) This made the translation smoother but violated the rules of translation, not loyal to the original Next, of the solutions considered to improve the translation of students, Finding out business culture accounts for the highest percentage (80%) Besides, to improve their vocabulary, grammar and their knowledge about economy, the number of students mentioning solutions” Reading economic books, newspapers and other resources on the Internet” and “Watching the economic news and reality shows on Tv “accounted for the highest percentages: 78% and 70%, respectively About solutions that students often did after finishing their translation, nearly half a percent of students (46%) chose "Read it again to correct some mistakes if there are" This was a highly appreciated opinion to make students learn better Morever, the researcher questioned what students needed their teachers to improve Most students wanted to meet the expectation that the teacher should not put too much emphasis on time and score In addition, they also desired to reduce the amount of their homework This was an unreasonable opinion, the researcher believed The more practice opportunities students had, the more students developed their translation skills Last but not least, the above research result was an important basis to help the researcher give solutions in the following chapter Thank you for the contribution of all participants for a more accurate and complete graduation report CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 30 4.1 Limitations of the study Although the thesis has specifically identified the subject, research and analysis purpose with documents collected from many different sources, the thesis is still not perfect and still has certain limitations The first is the limitation on the number of participants Only 50 the fourth-year students of English faculty in TMU Therefore, the results are not comprehensive for all students of this subject Last but not leaste, the thesis is done during the covid pandemic, students not go to school Therefore, the researcher cannot organize direct interviews to find out the learners' attitudes and psychology in the most objective way 4.2 Suggestions 4.2.1 Suggestions for students a The students have to understand about business culture Each nation has its own culture, and each culture is clearly expressed through the language of the nation Accordingly, if translation cannot convey the culture of one language through the cultural beauty of another language, it will not fulfill the function of translation The best way to improve this skill is to learn and practice with native speakers Nowadays, learning about culture through information channels such as books, newspapers or the internet is very easy Here are some websites that give you a lot of knowledge about cultures around the world that you may not have known Internations Magazine, Information is beautiful, The World Fact Book, Commisceo Global, The website will take you around the world to learn about the cultural features of the countries Website will be a companion for you to expand your understanding, a tool to help you gradually become a global citizen For anyone from a different culture is also an interesting way You can make foreign friends and learn about their culture through work exchanges and daily communication You will learn more about the culture and improve your skills more than you think b Students need get economic background knowledge Among partners not from the same country, the economic field translation will be an indispensable part of any cooperation agreement Therefore, having basic economic knowledge is essential The more books and newspapers you read, the more you will 31 know Every day, instead of chatting with friends or playing games, you should spend more time looking at economic news and taking note new vocabularies and terminology Besides, try to use it as much as possible in many different contexts Here are some economic websites you can check out: The Economist (www.economist.com), Slate (www.slate com), Bloomberg (www.bloomberg.com) In Vietnam, Startup is a reality TV program that connects startups (startups) with venture capital investors (shark) If you think that economic knowledge is dry, the writer believe that when you watch this show, you will completely change your previous view and find it interesting because economic knowledge is conveyed under a negotiation c Students should accumulate vocabulary Here are some ways to help you accumulate a lot of vocabulary for an accurate translation: - Learning vocabulary by topic: instead of learning words separately in terms of meaning, the topic-based vocabulary learning method will stimulate brain and memorize vocabulary longer For example, the topic of the bank: bank; bank teller ; transfer; cash; bill of exchange - Every day learn -10 words: This number of words is enough for you to memorize proficiently, write down the words in the morning and repeat them over and over in day - Learning vocabulary with pictures helps to memorize words for the longest time, and very easy to learn, just by looking at the pictures, you can immediately guess that word without looking at the words - Use flashcard to increase effectiveness of learning vocabulary and review them at any time The flashcard set you can buy this card set at the bookstore or you can make your own - Practice writing business English essays or writing business correspondence Select suitable learning method: self-study at home; learn in class; study at an English center; or exchange, communicate with friends on the internet; d Students have to improve English grammar 32 There are many high-quality grammar and writing guidebooks on the market, and it's helpful to have a thorough reference book nearby that you can refer to while writing or translating Besides, a quick search on the Internet will find a multitude of websites offering grammar games and exercises If you know that grammar is a field you have to struggle with when translating, take a few minutes a day to complete grammar exercises, even a few English practice tests of any level When you are proficient, you should try to translate texts with complex grammar structures to improve your skills You should practice a lot, the more wrong you get, the more you can gain experience for yourself e Students should diverse various topics to translate Although the object of the thesis is the fourth-year students of English faculty in Thuongmai University, the students should not always focuse on economics They will find it very boring Morever, their knowledge and skills will be limited without expanding other topics Teachers can spend a number of lessons so that students can choose their favorite topics for translation It can be literature, music, science, theory, cuisine, Through various fields, students will accumulate a lot of vocabulary and consolidate their grammar knowledge Students feel even more comfortable and confident by their favorite topics 4.2.2 Suggestions for teachers and teaching methods of Thuongmai University a Making a friendly atmosphere in the classroom Psychological factor is one of the reasons affecting students' translation Therefore, creating a friendly atmosphere in the classroom is essential Since translation is a difficult and new subject, the teachers should share the initial difficulties with her students During the teaching process, teachers should provide exercises suitable to the student's level Be the friends you are willing to discuss and correct the mistakes that students make At the same time, teachers should not put too much emphasis on time and scores when giving translation exercises for students Otherwise, they will be under pressure and the translation will not be good 33 b Providing students chances to practice in the class Practice makes perfect Students should be divided into groups of four or five students, and two different translations of a particular text will be given to them All groups will be asked to compare these two target documents They must discover the strategies and methods used and make an assessment of the quality of both translations As Kussmaul, 1995) shared : "The ability to discuss translations in an objective way is central to a translator's competence" The teacher makes a final revision gives formative evaluation and makes comments, emphasizes findings, "happy" solutions and creative acts, on the one hand, and analyzes failures and weaknesses in the process,on the other 4.2.3 Suggestions for further studies If there is more time and opportunity, the researcher can increase the number of participants to get the most comprehensive results In addition, interviews that exchange both students and teachers will give you more specific and accurate information about the difficulties in learning translation Previous research papers on this topic, researchers can go to the library to borrow and refer The researcher will have a broader view and make a comparison between the difficulties faced by previous students 34 CONCLUSION Accrodingh the fourth-year students of English faculty in Thuongmai University, the system of Translation subjects with levels is a very important subject It both provides students with a large amount of knowledge about economics, while equipping students with the ability to think flexibly and convey the meaning of proficiency between the two languages English and Vietnamese However, there is a fact that many students have difficulty with this subject Recognizing that, the writer has conducted research with the desire to clarify what difficulties are affecting the students' learning of translation, what are the causes and solutions to help students learn better After conducting the research process, the researcher found four main types of difficulties: difficulties in translating specialized words and abbreviations; differences in language structure and culture There were many different reasons leading to these difficulties, and the writer has also summarized them into four main reasons: poor of basic English and Vietnamese skills, lack of economic background knowledge, cultural impediment and students' attitudes towards subjects and psychological subjects The researcher made a survey to collect information from the fourth-year students of English faculty in Thuongmai University Then the researcher started to analyze and did statistics on the responses to questionnaire to get the final results and discussion At the end of this thesis, the researcher also suggested some useful solutions to help students deal with difficulties in studying as well as make some suggestions for teachers on meeting the students' expectations in learning translation subject which is believed to be hard to master Last but not least, because this is the first time the writer has conducted the research, there are still many limitations on time, qualifications as well as research tools and documents Therefore, the writer cannot avoid many errors and hope to receive comments and suggestions from teachers and friends for the study to be more completed Being a final-year student of the English faculty, so the researcher hopes that the thesis named “Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourth-year students of English faculty in Thuongmai University” will be able to contribute its reality and helpfulness to both the students and teachers in adjusting the learning and teaching method 35 REFFERENCES Do Na Chi, (2018); A study on problems in Translation Facing Vietnamese EFL College Learners, EFL University Nguyen Thi Hong Tham, Bui Thi Huyen Tran (2014); English major students’ difficulties and expectations in learning written translation, Dong Thap University Arono Arono & Nadrah Nadrah, “Students’ difficulties in translating english text,” Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature, Vol No 1, 2019 Catford, (1965), A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford University Publishing House, Oxford Chesterman, Andrew (1997) Memes of translation: the spread of ideas in translation theory Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company Cohen, A.D (1984) On taking tests: what the students report Language testing, 11 (1) 70-81 El Shafey, F A (1985) Compounding in English and Arabic, Implications for Translation Methodology (Unpublished master’s thesis) Faculty of Arts, Cairo University Ghazala, Hasan, (1995) Translation as problems and solutions (4th ed.) Syria: Dar Elkalem ElArabi Ibrahim, M.A.E (2017) An investigation of difficulties of translation that face Sudanese university students: A case study of College of Education, Dongla University International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 5(3).587-601 10 Jaaskelainen, R., (1999) Tapping the process: an explorative study of cognitive and effective factors involved in translating Joensuu: University of Joensuu Publications in Humanities 11 Krings, H.P (1986) Translation problems and translation strategies of advanced German learners of French In J House, & S Blum-Kulka (Eds.), Interlingual and intercultural communication (pp 263-75) Tubingen: Gunter Narr 11 Loescher, W (1991) Translation performance, translation process and translation strategies Tuebingen: Guten Narr 36 12 Seguinot, C (1989) The translation process Toronto: H.G Publications 13 Yowell, A Muftan, S L (1999) principles of Translation Dar Annahda Alarabiya 14 https://translationjournal.net/October-2017/definition-of-translation.html 15.http://luanvan.net.vn/luan-van/de-tai-a-study-on-translation-of-economic-andtrade-terminology-from-english-into-vietnamese-71632/ 37 APPENDIX SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES Topic: Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourth-year students of English faculty in Thuongmai University This survey questionnaire is designed for my graduation paper.This survey aims to find out difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourth-year students of English faculty in Thuongmai University I would really appreciate it if you could take some time to fill out this questionnaire Many thanks! Choose the answers which are suitable for you Question From your point of view, learning translation is Interesting and helpful Easy and helpless Difficult but interesting Difficult and boring Question The reason why students study translation is … (You can choose more than one answer) Because it is a compulsory subject Because I find it interesting Because I want to have more knowledge and improve my English skills Because I want to become a translator after graduation Others: Question The amount of time you usually spend on studying translation (as self-study) or hours per week About hours per week About 10 hours per week More than 10 hours per week 38 Question Difficulties you have to face when translating from English to Vietnamese (You can choose more than one answer) Difficulty in translating the major word Difficulty in translating the abbreviation Misunderstanding about culture Words and choices of word meaning Others: Question Reasons that make you have difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese (You can choose more than one answer) The skill of using Vietnamese and basic English is not good Lack of economic background knowledge Cultural impediment Your attitudes towards subjects and psychological subjects Others: Question What you often to improve your translation from English to Vietnamese? (You can choose more than one answer) Finding out business culture Getting economic background knowledge Accumulating vocabulary Improving your English grammar Others: Question What you often to improve your vocabulary, grammar and your knowledge about economy ? (You can choose more than one answer) Watching the economic news and reality shows on Tv Learning and practicing with native speakers Reading economic books, newspapers and other resources on the Internet Practicing to write business English essays or business correspondence Others: 39 Question What you often after you finish your translation ? Read it again to correct some mistakes if there are Read it again and try to translate it in another way Discuss with friends Wait for teacher’s feedback Question Between your sense of learning and teaching methods of your teachers, which factors influence your translation most? Your sense of learning Teaching methods of your teachers Question 10 What you want the teachers to improve during your translation lesson? ( You can choose more than one answer) Making an interesting atmosphere in class Don't put too much emphasis on time and Encourage teamwork Spending much time on discussing and correcting your mistakes Others: 40 ... Recognizing the importance of translation, TMU has introduced Translation into the subject The teachers teach the students how to translate English into Vietnamese and how to translate Vietnamese into... semesters of learning translation in the English Faculty Because of limiting about time, the study only focuses on exploiting the most basic issues in translation from English to Vietnamese of the final-year... 15.http://luanvan.net.vn/luan-van/de-tai-a-study-on -translation- of- economic-andtrade-terminology -from- english- into -vietnamese- 71632/ 37 APPENDIX SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES Topic: Common difficulties in translation from English to Vietnamese encountered by the fourth-year students of English