CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4 CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (THE PASSIVE) PASSIVE FORM ( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG) 1 Với động từ NEED Active need + to infinitive Pasive need + V ing need + to be + PP Ví dụ John needs to be told the truth The house needs repainting The house needs to be repainted 2 Với động từ theo sau là to infinitive hoặc gerund Ví dụ I hope to be invited to their wedding They wanted the story to be told again She avoided being disturbed I want these dishes to have been washed when I come back She forgot having been given.
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (THE PASSIVE) PASSIVE FORM ( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG) Với động từ NEED *Active: need + to- infinitive * Pasive: need + V-ing … need + to be + PP Ví dụ: John needs to be told the truth The house needs repainting The house needs to be repainted Với động từ theo sau to-infinitive gerund Ví dụ: I hope to be invited to their wedding They wanted the story to be told again She avoided being disturbed I want these dishes to have been washed when I come back She forgot having been given a big sum of money that day Với động từ giác quan (verbs of perception) Các động từ giác quan: see, watch, hear, smell, taste, notice, feel, Ví dụ: They saw the man run away → The man was seen to run away They saw the man running away → The man was seen running away Với động từ MAKE LET Ví dụ: The manager made all the employees work at the weekend => All the employees were made to work at the weekend She lets her son play computer games on Sunday afternoon => Her son is allowed to play computer games on Sunday afternoon Với thể nhờ, bảo (Causative form) =>Ta dùng động từ have get Ví dụ: I had a technician repair my computer => I had my computer repaired by a technician I got a technician to repair my computer => I got my computer repaired by a technician Với động từ tường thuật bày tỏ ý kiến (verbs of reporting or opinion) Động từ tường thuật: say, claim, report, show Động từ bày tỏ ý kiến: think, believe, consider, expect, feel, hope, know, prove, expect, reporrt, suppose, understand …… Dạng 1: Active: People/They + V1 + (that) + S + V2 Passive: It + be + PP (V1) + (that) + S + V2 Ví dụ: People believe that the weather is changing dramatically => It is believed that the weather is changing dramatically They said that he served in the army => It was said that he served in the army Dạng 2: Active: People/They + V1+ (that) + S + V2 Passive: S + be + PP(V1) + to-V2 (chủ động) to be + PP (V2) (bị động) to be + V2-ing (tiếp diễn) to have + PP (V2) (hoàn thành) to have been + PP (V2) (hồn thành bị động) Ví dụ: They say that he is 100 years old => He is said to be 100 years old People believe that rice is grown well in the Mekong Delta => Rice is believed to be grown well in ihe Mekong Delta They thought that he was working in the office => He was thought to be have been working in the office People say that he served in the army => He is said to have served in the army People say that the project has been completed => The project is said to have been completed Với câu có tân ngữ Ví dụ: She GAVE ME A BOOK = She GAVE A BOOK TO ME => I was given a book (by her) = A book was given to me (by her) - Một số Động từ thường với dạng này: + give sb sth/ give sth to sb (tặng, đưa gì) + send sb sth/ send sth to sb (gửi gì) + show sb sth/ show sth to sb (chỉ cho gì) + tell sb sth/ tell sth to sb (kể chuyện gì) + pay sb sth/ pay sth to sb (trả gì) + bring sb sth/ bring sth to sb (mang cho gì) + lend sb sth/ lend sth to sb (cho mượn gì) + borrow sb sth/ borrow sth from sb (mượn gì) + offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb (mời gì) + buy sb sth / buy sth for sb (mua cho ai) => Chú ý: để công thức gọn mặc định Tân ngữ NGƯỜI, Tân ngữ VẬT, nhưng tân ngữ người vật => cần linh hoạt trường hợp khác) Động từ gây hành động khác cho tân ngữ Vd: They ASKED ME TO GO out => I WAS ASKED TO GO out (by them) - Một số Động từ thuộc dạng này: => make sb sth: bắt làm => asked sb to sth: yêu cầu làm => tell sb to sth: bảo làm => expect sb to sth: mong đợi làm => force sb to sth: bắt làm => allow sb to sth: cho phép làm => order sb to sth: lệnh cho làm => encourage sb to sth: khuyến khích làm => let sb sth: cho phép làm Câu Chủ động có NOBODY/ NO ONE/ NOTHING làm Chủ ngữ => câu Bị động chuyển sang thể PHỦ ĐỊNH BỎ BY + O Ví dụ: Nobody cleaned the house last week => The house wasn’t cleaned last week Nothing can change my mind => My mind can’t be changed 10 Câu CHỦ động có dạng PHỦ ĐỊNH + ANYTHING/ ANYBODY/ ANYONE làm Tân ngữ => câu BỊ động chuyển NOTHING/ NOBODY/ NO ONE làm Chủ ngữ Ví dụ: We can’t anything now => Nothing can be done now We haven’t told anybody about it => Nobody has been told about it 11 It is sb's duty to inf => Sb (be) supposed to inf Ví dụ: It's your duty to this work => You are supposed to this work 12 It is impossible to sth => Sth can't be done Ví dụ: It is impossible to repair that machine => That machine can't be repaired 13 S + V + Ving + O => S + V + O being + P.P Ví dụ: We enjoy writing letters => We enjoy letters being written 14 S + recommend / suggest + Ving + O => S + recommend / suggest that S + should be p.p Ví dụ: He recommends building a house => He recommends that a house should be built 15 Các động từ dùng “with” thay cho “by” : crowd , fill , cover Ví dụ: Clouds cover the sky => The sky is covered with clouds 16 Vị trí trạng ngữ câu bị động + Nếu có yếu tố thời gian để sau "by+ O" + Nếu có yếu tố nơi chốn để trước "by+ O" => Nơi chốn + BY+ O + Thời gian Ví dụ: Mr Xuan built that house in Ca Mau in 2010 => That house was built in Ca Mau by Mr Xuan in 2010 17 Nếu có trạng từ thể cách để đứng BE PP Ví dụ: Scientists have studied the problem carefully => The problem has carefully been studied by scientists 18 Bị động kép (Double passive) + Bị động kép nằm mệnh đề Ví dụ: They ordered the man to be shot => The man was ordered to be shot They opened the door and stole some pictures => The door was opened and some pictures were stolen + Bị động kép xuất mệnh đề câu Ví dụ: I can assure you that I will arrange everything in time => You can be assured that everything will be arranged in time 19 Cấu trúc bị động với chủ ngữ giả “it” It + be + adj + (for sb) + to st => It + be + adj + for st to be done Ví dụ: It is not difficult to this exercise => It is not difficult for this exercise to be done 20 Bị động với câu mệnh lệnh thức Dạng chủ động: V + O … Bị động: S + should/must + be + PP Let + O + be + PP Ví dụ: Clean the floor! => The floor should be cleaned! Write your name here => Let your name be written here Dạng chủ động: Don’t +V + O … Bị động: S + shouldn’t/mustn’t + be + PP Let + O + not + be + PP Ví dụ: Don’t insult the weak => Let the weak not be insulted 21 Một số nội động từ có hình thức bị động Trong trường hợp động từ phải kèm với giới từ Ví dụ: The Queen slept in this bed => This bed was slept in by the Queen Someone will care for her children while she is away => Her children will be cared for while she is away BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences The ozone layer _ harmful radiation from the sun A prevents B is prevented C is preventing D is being prevented Are you interested in the job ? A they are offered you B they have offered you C you being offered D you be offering Vietnamese goods _ to many European countries A have exported B have been exported C have been exporting D have being exported We expect students _ during the examinations A not to talk B not to be talked C not talking D not being talked This kind of cloth in warm water only A must wash B must be washing C must be washed D must washed Have you got the advisor _ the issue? A to examine B examining C to be examined D examined When we talked about the accident, no names _ A were mentioning B to be mentioning C were mentioned D to be mentioned Harvard University _ as one of the best universities in the world for hundreds of years A has regarded B is regarded C has been regarded D regards The Norman is said England in 1066 A to have invaded B to have been invaded C to invade D to be invaded 10 Jack accepted _ for his brother’s fault A to punish B to be punished C punish D being punished Exercise 2: Choose the correct option to complete the sentences I’m going to go out and ( Tơi ngồi cắt tóc) A cut my hair B my hair be cut C have my hair cut D have cut my hair Lots of houses by the earthquake A are destroying B destroyed C is destroyed D were destroyed Gold in California in the 19th century A was discovered B was discover C they discover D has been discovered We got our mail yesterday ( Chúng nhận đc thư hôm qua) A delivered B delivering C to deliver D been delivered We by a loud noise during the night A are woken up B were waking up C woke up D were woken up Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony next weekend A will be performing B is going to be performed C has been performed D will have perform It was announced that neither the passengers nor the driver in the crash A injured B were injured C was injured D had injured I must go to the dentist and _ A take care of my teeth B get my teeth to take care of C get my teeth taken care of: để chăm sóc D my teeth be taken care of No one enjoys _ in public A to be made fun of B making fun of C being made fun of D to make fun of 10 There a number of reasons for the falloff the Roman Empire A are said to have been B are said being C said to be D was said being 11 “Your kitchen is fantastic! Did you it all by yourself?” – “No, I by a professional ” A have it to be designed B had designed it C designed it D had it designed 12 yet? Bức thư đánh máy xong chưa? A Have been the letters typed B Have the letters typed C Have the letters been typed D Had the letters typed 13 Ted by a bee while he was sitting in the garden A get stung B gets stung C got sting D got stung 14 Sarah is wearing a blouse It of cotton A are made B is made C made D be made 15.The rumors go that Jack will be arrested He is said _ a bloody robbery A to take part in B to have taken part in C to have joined in D to join in 16 I suggest the room before Christmas A be decorated B were decorated C should decorate D is decorated 17 Bicycles in the driveway A must not have left B must not be left C must not be leaving D must not leave 18 Football is thought _ in the world A to have been the most popular sport B to have played the most popular sport C to play the most popular sport D to be the most popular sport 19 Maria Jannings is said her memory A to have lost B to be lost C to lose D to have been lost 20 Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy at A being laughed B laughing C to be laughed D be laughed 21 The preparation by the time the guest A had finished - were arriving B have been finished - were arrived C had been finished – arrived D have finished - arrived 22 It seems that no-one predicted the correct result A No-one seem to have predicted the correct result B No-one seems to has predicted the correct result C No-one seems have predicted the correct result D No-one seems to have predicted the correct result 23 Black, red, and even bright pink diamonds A have occasionally been found B have occasionally found C occasionally found D occasionally to find 24 James the news as soon as possible A should be telled B should told C should tell D should be told 25 The story I’ve just read Agatha Christie A was written by B was written from C was written D wrote by 25 References in the examination room A are not used B not are used C is not used D didn’t used 26 We can’t go along here because the road A is being repaired B repairs C is repaired D is repairing 27 Some film stars difficult to work with A are said be B say to be C said to be D are said to be 28.Today, many serious childhood diseases by early immunization A are preventing B prevent C can be prevented D can prevent 29.Body language communication effectively A knew to have been enhanced B was known to be enhanced C has known to enhance D is known to enhance 30.The boy by the teacher yesterday A was punished B punish C punished D punishing Exercise 3: Choose the best option a,b,c,d that has the most suitable meaning with the one given Some body cleans the room every day a The room every day is cleaned b The room is every day cleaned c The room is cleaned every day d The room is cleaned by somebody every day They cancelled all flights because of fog a All flights because of fog were cancelled b All flights were cancelled because of fog c All flights were because of fog cancelled d All flights were cancelled by them because of fog People don't use this road very often a This road is not used very often b Not very often this road is not used c This road very often is not used d This road not very often is used Somebody accused me of stealing money a I was accused by somebody of stealing money b I was accused of stealing money c I was accused of stealing money by somebody d I was accused stealing money How people learn languages? a How are languages learned? b How are languages learned by people? c How languages are learned? d Languages are learned how? People warned us not to go out alone a We were warned not going out alone b We were warned not to go out alone by people c We weren't warned to go out alone d We were warned not to go out alone 7 Somebody is using the computer at the moment a The computer is being use at the moment b The computer at the moment is being used c The computer is being used by some body at the moment d The computer is used at the moment I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation a I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded b I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded c I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone d Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded We found that they had cancelled the game a We found that the fame had been cancelled (Chúng tơi phát trị chơi bị hủy bỏ) b The game had been cancelled c We found that the game had been cancelled by them d The game were found to be cancelled 10 They are building a new highway around the city a A new highway is being built around the city b A new highway is being built around the city by them c A new highway around the city is being built d Around the city a new highway is being built 11 They have built a new hospital near the airport a A new hospital has been built near the airport by them b A new hospital near the airport has been built c A new hospital has been built near the airport d Near the airport a new hospital has been 12 People should send their complaints to the head office a Complaints should be sent to the head office b Complaints should be sent to the head office by people c Their complaints should be sent to the head office by people d Their complaints to the head office should be sent 13 They had to postpone the meeting because of illness a The meeting had to be postponed because of illness b The meeting had to because of illness be postponed c The meeting had to be postponed by them because of illness d The meeting because of illness had to be postponed 14 Somebody might have stolen our car a Somebody might have been stolen your car b Your car might be stolen c Your car might have been stolen by somebody d Your car might have been stolen 15 An electrical fault could have caused the fire a An electrical fault could have been caused by the fire b An electrical fault could have caused the fire c The fire could have been caused by a electrical fault d The fire could have caused an electrical fault 16 They are going to hold next year's congress in San Francisco a Congress is going to be held next year in San Francisco b Congress in San Francisco is going to be held next year c Next year's congress is going to be held by them held next year d Next year's congress is going to be held in San Francisco 17 They shouldn't have played the football match in such bad weather a The football match shouldn't have been played in such bad weather b The football match shouldn't have been played by them in such bad weather c The football match shouldn't be played in such bad weather d The football match shouldn't have played in such bad weather 18 The bill includes service a Service is included by the bill b Service included in the bill c Service is included in: bao gồm the bill d Service is in the bill 19 They have changed the date of the meeting a The date of the meeting has been changed b The date of the meeting has been changed by them c The meeting has been changed the date d The date of the meeting has changed 20 Brian told me that somebody had tracked him in the street a I was told by Brian that somebody had attacked him in the street b I was told by Brian that he had been attacked in the street c Brain told me to have been attacked in the street d Brian told me that he had been attacked in the street 21 They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview a You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview b You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by them c A lot of questions will be asked you at the interview d A lot of questions will be asked at the interview 22 Nobody told me that George was ill a I was told that b I wasn't told that George was ill c George wasn't told to be it d George was told not to be ill 23 His colleagues gave him a present when he retired a He was given a present when he retired b A present was given by his colleagues when he retired c He was given a present by his colleagues when he retired d A present was given him when he retired 24 We will send you the results as soon as they are ready a You will be sent the results as soon as they are ready b You will be sent the results as soon as they are ready by us c The results will be sent you by us as soon as they are ready d The results will be sent you as soon as they are ready by us 25 I think they should have offered Tom the job a I think Tom should have been offered the job by them b I think Tom should have been offered the job c I am thought they should have offered Tom the job d I think the job should have been offered Tom 26 They say that many people are homeless after the tsunami a They say many people to have been homeless after the tsunami b They say many people to be homeless after the tsunami c Many people are said to have been homeless after the tsunami d Many people are said to be homeless after the tsunami 27 They know that the Prime Minister is in favour of the new law a The Prime Minister is known to have been in favour of the new law b They know the Prime Minister to be in favour of the new law c The Prime Minister is known to be in favour of the new law d They know the Prime Minister to have been in favour of the new law 28 They expect that the government will lose the election ( Chính phủ dự kiến bị thua bầu cử) a The government is expected to have lost the election b The government is expected to lose the election c They expect the government to lose the election d They expect the government have lost election 29 They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall ( Tù nhân cho thoát cách trèo tường) a The prisoner is thought to escape by climbing over the wall b The prisoner is thought escaped by climbing over the wall c The prisoner is thought having escaped by climbing over the wall d The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall 30 They believe that the thieves got in through the kitchen window ( Bọn trộm cho vào nhà qua cửa sổ nhà bếp) a The thieves are believed to have got in through the kitchen window b The thieves are believed to get in through the kitchen window c They believe the thieves got in through the kitchen window d They believe the thieves have got in through the kitchen window 31 They report that over 200,000 people were killed in the tsunami a Over 200,000 people are reported to have been killed in the tsunami b Over 200,000 people are reported to be killed in the tsunami c Over 200,000 people are reported to have killed in the tsunami d Over 200,000 people are reported to kill in the tsunami 32 They say that three men were arrested after the explosion a Three men are said to be arrested after the explosion b Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion c Three mend are said to have arrested after the explosion d Three men are said to arrest after the explosion 33 The boys carried the box into the room a The box was carried by the boys into the room b The box was carried into the room c The box into the room was carried by the boys 10 d The box was carried into the room by the boys 34 Tom bought that book yesterday a That book was bought yesterday by Tom b That book was bought by Tom yesterday c That book yesterday was bought by Tom d That book was bought yesterday 35 The old man treated the little boy badly a The little boy was treated by the old man badly b The little boy was badly treated by the old man c The little boy badly was treated by the old man d The little boy was treated baldly by the old man 36 They didn’t offer Ann the job a The job wasn't offered Ann by them b Ann wasn't offered them the job c Ann wasn't offered the job by them d Ann wasn't offered the job 37 Scientists have not produced a miraculous drug which can cure SIDA => A miraculous drug _ a has not been produced by scientists which can cure SIDA b has not been produced by scientists who can cure SIDA c which can cure SIDA has not been produced by scientists d who can cure SIDA have not been produced by scientists 38 The letter that I received yesterday is from my sister a I was received that the letter is from my sister b The letter that was received yesterday is from my sister c The letter yesterday that is from my sister is received by me d I received yesterday that the letter is from my sister 39 People say that he is the most experienced teacher of English a He is said to be the most experienced teacher of English b He is said the most experienced teacher of English c He is to be said the most experienced teacher of English d That he is the most experienced teacher of English is said by people 40 He is teaching me speaking and listening a Me is being taught speaking and listening b I speaking and listening are being taught c I am being taught listening and speaking d Speaking and listening is being taught me III Change these sentences into the passive They told me that you were the best architect in this city → It was told that you were the best architect in this city = You was told to be the best architect in this city She reported that the flowers were killed by frost: sương giá → It was reported that the flowers were killded by frost = The flowers was reported to be killed by frost Some people inform me that the director is going to take a business trip to England → I am informed that the director is going to take a business trip to England 11 ( Tơi thơng báo giám đốc có chuyến đến Anh) = The director is informed to be going to take a business trip to England ( Vị giám đốc thơng báo có chuyến đến Anh) That officer announced that the meeting was delayed until next week → It was announced that the meeting was delayed unitl next week = The meeting was announced to be delayed until next week He discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt → It was discovered that this cotton was grown in Egypt = The cotton was discovered to be grown in Egypt They promise that the performance will start on time → It was promise that the performance will start on time = The performance is promise to start on time He recommends that we should stay at the city center → It is recommends that we should stay at the city center = We are recommened to stay at the city center We believed that Alice would pass the driving test → It was believed that Alice would pass the driving test = Alice was believed to pass the driving test The director notifies all the workers that they will have to work extra hard this month → All the workers are notificed that they will have to work extra hard this month = All the workers are notificed to have to work extra hard by director this month 10 They have persuaded me that they will go with me to the stadium → I have been persuaded that they will go with me to the stadium = They have been persuaded to go with me to the stadium 11 They have decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend → It has been decided that the company will go to the beach together at the weekend = The company has been to go to the beach together at the weekend 12 People think that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century → It is thought that Maradona is the best football player in the 20th century = Maradona is thought to be the best football player in the 20th century 13 They find that the job is not suitable for a girl like her → It is found that the job is not suitable for a girl like her = The job is found to be not suitable for a girl like her 14 The teacher explained that this powerful engine pulled the train → It was explained that this powerful engine pulled the train = This powerful engine was explained to full the train 15 He told me that his football team had played well last season → I was told that his football team had played well last season = His football teams was told that to have played well last season 12 13 ... People/They + V 1+ (that) + S + V2 Passive: S + be + PP(V1) + to-V2 (chủ động) to be + PP (V2) (bị động) to be + V2-ing (tiếp diễn) to have + PP (V2) (hoàn thành) to have been + PP (V2) (hoàn thành bị động) ... động: Don’t +V + O … Bị động: S + shouldn’t/mustn’t + be + PP Let + O + not + be + PP Ví dụ: Don’t insult the weak => Let the weak not be insulted 21 Một số nội động từ có hình thức bị động Trong... chủ động: V + O … Bị động: S + should/must + be + PP Let + O + be + PP Ví dụ: Clean the floor! => The floor should be cleaned! Write your name here => Let your name be written here Dạng chủ động: