Programming iot wearables to enact a rule based alert business process in smart healthcare

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GRADUATION THESIS Programming IoT Wearables to Enact a RuleBased Alert Business Process in Smart Healthcare Major: Computer Engineering COMPUTER ENGINEERING COUNCIL INSTRUCTOR: Dr Le Lam Son Student: Duong Tan Huy (1652228) Lam Bao Duy (1652096) Ho Chi Minh, 06/2021 ABSTRACT The Internet of Things is the use of network sensors in physical devices to allow for remote monitoring and control This technology has gained massive traction in various spheres like healthcare, banking, retail, manufacturing, consumer goods etc It is expected that patient will be treat more effectively with smart healthcare solutions where real time data are exchanged to help medical staffs make optimal decisions In this paper we demonstrate how wearables can be built semi automatically to enact a medical rule-based alert process that assists hospital doctors in taking care of outbreak patients in dengue epidemic ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like sincerely thank to our thesis supervisor Dr Le Lam Son of the Department of Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering at Bach Khoa University and my thesis advisor Dr Ton Phuoc Long of the Faculty of IT at Industrial University, who enthusiastically assisting us to build this system Their support has helped us immensely to move in the right direction and finish my work Last but not least, we are extremely grateful to our family for providing us with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout our years of study They all kept us going and this accomplishment would have never been possible without them Table of Contents CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Motivation 1.2 The rise of IOT in healthcare CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND 2.1 Internet of Things - IoT 2.1.1 What is IoT? 2.1.2 Fundamental stages of IOT 2.1.3 IoT Wearables in Healthcare 2.1.4 Advantages of IoT in Healthcare 2.2 Hypertext Transfer Protocol 2.3 MVC Architecture 2.4 RESTful Web Services 2.4.1 What is REST? 2.4.2 Making requests 2.4.3 HTTP Methods 2.4.4 Response Codes 2.4.5 Advantages and disadvantages of RESTful Web Services CHAPTER 3: PROPOSED SYSTEM 3.1 System goal 3.2 Case Study 3.3 Architecture of the System 3.3.1 State Machine 11 3.3.2 Use case diagram: 13 3.3.3 Hardware and server design 14 Hardware design 14 3.3.4 Components operating principles: 17 CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION 24 4.1 Programming Language and Database 24 4.1.1 Arduino 24 4.1.2 Spring framework 25 4.1.3 MySQL 28 4.2 System Implementation 29 i 4.2.1 Arduino IDE 29 4.2.2 Server and Web application 30 4.3 Test cases: 35 4.3.1 Wearable devices: 36 4.3.2: Web application: 37 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 41 5.1 Conclusion 41 5.2 Future Work 41 ii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1: THE FOUR STAGES OF IOT SOLUTIONS FIGURE 2.2: BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF A WEB APPLICATION FIGURE 2.3: MVC DESIGN PATTERN FIGURE 2.4: MVC ARCHITECTURE WITH USER ACTION FIGURE 2.5: REST COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN CLIENT AND SERVER FIGURE 2.6: COMMON HTTP STATUS CODES FIGURE 3.1: SOLUTION ARCHITECTURE 10 FIGURE 3.2: MEDICAL PROCESS 11 FIGURE 3.3: STATE MACHINE OF THE PATIENT S WEARABLE 12 FIGURE 3.4: STATE MACHINE OF THE DOCTOR S WEARABLE 12 FIGURE 3.5: WEB APPLICATION USE CASE DIAGRAM 13 FIGURE 3.6: COMPONENTS OF PATIENT S WEARABLE 14 FIGURE 3.7: COMPONENTS OF STAFF S WEARABLE 15 FIGURE 3.8: DATABASE STRUCTURE 16 FIGURE 3.9: LCD TEXT 1602 PINOUTS 18 FIGURE 3.10: LCD TEXT 2004 PINOUTS 18 FIGURE 3.11: ESP8266 SPECIFICATIONS 19 FIGURE 3.12: ESP8266 PINOUTS 20 FIGURE 3.13: PCF8574 SPECIFICATIONS 21 FIGURE 3.14: PCF8574 PINOUTS 21 FIGURE 3.15: 4X5 KEYPAD PINOUTS 22 FIGURE 3.16: DHT11 PINOUTS 22 FIGURE 3.17: LED PINOUTS 23 FIGURE 4.1: DIFFERENT BETWEEN TRADITION AND DEPENDENCY INJECTION PATTERN 25 FIGURE 4.2: SPRING CONTAINER WORKFLOW 26 FIGURE 4.3: SPRING BEAN LIFECYCLE 27 FIGURE 4.4: MYSQL MAIN PROCESS 28 FIGURE 4.5 WI-FI CONNECTION CONFIGURATION FOR WEARABLES 29 FIGURE 4.6: HOW PATIENTS WEARABLE SEND TEMPERATURE AND CHANGE LED 29 FIGURE 4.7: HOW DOCTORS WEARABLE RECEIVES PATIENT LIST FOR BROWSING 30 FIGURE 4.8: KEYPAD ASSIGNATION 30 FIGURE 4.9: DATABASE INITIALIZATION 31 FIGURE 4.10: LIMIT CONDITION FOR CREATING RECORDS 31 FIGURE 4.11: PROJECT STRUCTURE 32 FIGURE 4.12: ROLE RESTRICTIONS 33 FIGURE 4.13: LOGIN AND REMEMBER ME USING COOKIES APIS 33 FIGURE 4.15: DOCTOR S ACCESS 34 FIGURE 4.16: PATIENT S ACCESS 34 FIGURE 4.17: MYSQL DATABASE S CAPACITY TEST 35 FIGURE 4.18: PATIENT S DEVICE 36 FIGURE 4.19: DOCTOR S DEVICE MAIN SCREEN 36 FIGURE 4.20: DOCTOR S DEVICE DETAIL SCREEN 37 iii FIGURE 4.21: LOGIN PAGE 37 FIGURE 4.22: ADMIN HOME PAGE 38 FIGURE 4.23: ALL RECORD IN ADMIN VIEW 38 FIGURE 4.24: RECORD IN DETAIL OF PATIENT 39 FIGURE 4.25: DOCTOR LIST IN ADMIN VIEW 39 FIGURE 4.26: PATIENT LIST OF SPECIFIC DOCTORS IN ADMIN VIEW 40 iv LIST OF TABLES TABLE 3.1 MEDICAL RULE v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Motivation The shift in the computing paradigm always opens the door to the next generation of computer-aided solutions The success of e-commerce Web portals in the last decades is nowadays followed by the ever-growing deployment of IoT-driven business processes, giving rise to the term Business processes of such a smart solution should be geared up to best harvest IoT technologies like the IoT wearable a lightweight device that relies on IoT data-driven communications to keep people connected purposefully for, fire-fighting, prompting fast-food clients, and medical treatment, to name just a few IoT-driven smart solutions are expected to unlock new ways of handling challenges that most of the world is struggling with: environmental pollution, disease outbreaks, and natural disaster There are four fundamentals, yet separable functions of an IoT application: deploying interconnected devices, capturing data from the devices, transmitting that information across a data network, and taking action based on the intelligence collected From a such an IoT-based solution necessitates, to some degree, the automation of these functions though they could be engineered separately It would be significant if patients with IoT wearables who are informed daily about their clothes or body increases comfort, convenience, and the effectiven treatment Cons routine Remarkably, medical monitoring can be done in real-time through various devices, allowing patients to check their situation and getting new orientations via smartphones or tablets In this paper, I present a system, called OISP Hospital, where wearables play a central role 1.2 The rise of IOT in healthcare With the recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT), the field has become more and more developed in healthcare The Internet of things will help physicians and hospital staff perform their duties comfortably and intelligently With the latest advanced technologies, most of the challenges of using IoT have been resolved, and this technology can be a great revolution and has many benefits in the future of digital Nowadays, thanks to the help of IoT, people can remove barriers such as crowding at hospitals, saving tremendous costs by monitoring the patient's condition more closely and more than that, creating a closer relationship between the doctor and the patient by exchanging data between wearables CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND 2.1 Internet of Things - IoT 2.1.1 What is IoT? The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a system of interrelated, internet-connected objects that are able to collect and transfer data over a wireless network without human intervention These devices range from ordinary household objects to sophisticated industrial tools 2.1.2 Fundamental stages of IOT Stage 1: Sensor, aductors First step consists of the deployment of interconnected devices that includes sensors, actuators, monitors, detectors, camera systems, etc These devices collect the data Stage 2: Internet Gateways and Data Aggregation A data acquisition system collects raw data from the sensors and converts it from analog into digital format the data is also filtered and compressed to an optimum size for transmission Stage 3: Edge IT: Once the data is digitized and aggregated, this is pre-processed, standardized and moved to the data center Stage Data Center and Cloud: In this stage, data will be analyzed, managed and securely stored for in-depth processing and follow-up revision for feedback and crucial business decisions Stage processing may execute precise analysis by combining data from other sources, both in the digital and physical worlds These sources can analyze to identify significant trends and patterns 4.1.3 MySQL elational database management system (RDBMS) that based on the SQL (Structured Query Language) to create and manipulate databases MySQL uses client-server structure which means whenever client make a request, the server will response desired output Main process of MySQL: - Creates databases for storing and manipulating data, defining relationships between tables Takes request from clients (SQL statements) Responses the requested information to client-side interface Figure 4.4: MySQL main process (Source: https://www.hostinger.com/tutorials/what-is-mysql) 28 Advantages of MySQL: High performance with secure data protection Open source High transaction rate Flexible and easy to use - 4.2 System Implementation 4.2.1 Arduino IDE Requirement libraries for Arduino: LiquidCrystal_I2C, DHT, ESP8266 Library, ArduinoJson Board setting in Arduino: Node MCU 0.9 (ESP-12 Module) Implementation: First of all, we have to config the Wi-Fi connection Figure 4.5 Wi-Fi connection configuration for wearables For patients: The device will send GET request First request is for sending temperature from the sensor to the server Second one is to get patient record from the server in JSON format Figure 4.6: How patie For doctors/nurses: The device will get a list of patients belonged to the appointed doctor in JSON format and show on LCD 29 Figure 4.7: How doctors wearable receives patient list for browsing We only need keys from the keypad for browsing the list: Up, down, Enter and Escape Figure 4.8: Keypad assignation 4.2.2 Server and Web application Database: Firstly, we initialize the database within the configuration file Role table has roles: admin, doctor and patient An admin account and diseases are initialized after that 30 Figure 4.9: Database initialization To avoid overloading the server, not all records will be saved Taking consecutive records to be considered, if the temperature difference is less than a certain range (0.2 in this implement), the newer record will not be stored For example, patient A h temperature is 37.5 degree Celsius, the other is 37.6, therefore, the second record will not be saved due to the range Figure 4.10: Limit condition for creating records 31 Web application: Our project structure follows MVC figure, the View part will have HTMLs using Spring hibernate framework to perform Figure 4.11: Project structure 32 The application will be implemented based on roles: Admin, Doctors and Patients Figure 4.12: Role restrictions All users is required to log in before using any feature Password changing is also supported Figure 4.13 For admin: Admin will have these features: - Register new admin/doctor accounts View all records of all patients as well as doctors list in details Change the current disease of the system for others diseases Assign patients to specific doctor Assign room and bed number for patients 33 Figure 4.14 For doctors: Figure 4.15 For patients: records of this account Figure 4.16: 34 4.3 Test cases: All the test cases are performed by just using patient device and doctor device due to cost difficulty To be more exact, we simulated up to 10 doctors and 50 patients simultaneously in hour and the system still performs well Web application and server are run on ASUS VivoBook S15 Figure 4.17 The Wi-Fi connection depends much on Wi-Fi antenna, which mean the more quality of antenna we have, the stronger connection these devices make The max range of the connection tested with our home Wi-Fi repeater is 10m, latency is about 4ms to 50ms 35 4.3.1 Wearable devices: device will show list of assigned patients; if there is any patient in emergency status, red can view p Figure 4.18 Figure 4.19: n screen 36 Figure 4.20 4.3.2: Web application: User is required to log in before using any feature of this application Any access without login will redirect to login page Figure 4.21: Login page 37 are shown in home page Figure 4.22: Admin home page Figure 4.23: All record in Admin view 38 Figure 4.24: Record in detail of patient Figure 4.25: Doctor list in Admin view 39 Figure 4.26: Patient list of specific doctors in Admin view 40 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 5.1 Conclusion To sum up, the system helps the medical staffs reduce the workloads and help the patient can track their health condition However, the system is not completed yet, it still has some obstacles such as security: the system would be collapsed if hacker get the URL and make a change in the database Besides, the storage would be overloaded if there are massively accesses to the server 5.2 Future Work We will continue to improve our system as hard as possible There are things we are heading to: interface, communicate, security Firstly, we will build more friendly interface so that the user can find it more convenient to use In the future, we will add some feature such as heartbeat measuring, more flash lights, etc and upgrade the security system Moreover, we will be able to send messages on the devices between the patients and nurses Apart from that, the devices could be upgraded in many ways: temperature sensors work more properly, wearables are optimally lightweight designed, the administrator can configure the devices through web application instead of compiling code again when assigning/changing owners of devices, etc Last but not least, we have to improve some problems in conclusion 41 BIBLIOGRAPHY [1] What Is the Internet of Things (IoT)? | Oracle Vietnam (n.d.) https://www.oracle.com/vn/internet-of-things/what-is-iot/ resistance, vol 5, pp 103 112, July 2012 [3] K Komabayashi, J Seto, S Tanaka, Y Suzuki, T Ikeda, N Onuki, K Yamada, T Ahiko, H typical measles cases, Yamagata, Japan, 2017 in its eliminat no 6, p 8, Nov 2018 [4] Tôn, L P., Lê, L S (2019, October) Enacting a Rule-Based Alert Business Process in Smart Healthcare Using IoT Wearables In 2019 IEEE 23rd International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Workshop (EDOCW) (pp 104-107) IEEE [5 in cyber- A UML-based approach to exploit IoT 272, 2016 [6] Http - overview Tutorialspoint (n.d.) https://www.tutorialspoint.com/http/http_overview.htm [7] T Chou, Precision: Principles, Practices and Solutions for the Internet of Things, 1st ed Crowdstory, 2016 [8] Crusoveanu, L (2021, July 29) Inversion of control and dependency injection with Spring Baeldung https://www.baeldung.com/inversion-control-and-dependency-injection-in-spring [9 -Based Software Engineering to Tame the IoT ware, vol 34, no 1, pp 30 36, 2017 [10] Insight Into ESP8266 NodeMCU Features & Using It With Arduino IDE Last Minute Engineers (n d.) https://lastminuteengineers.com/esp8266-nodemcu-arduino-tutorial/ [11] MVC architecture in minutes: A tutorial for beginners Educative (n.d.) https://www.educative.io/blog/mvc-tutorial [12] Pshevoznitskaya, Y., & DevelopmentIoTLanguages (2019, September 23) Iot solutions: What language does your wristband speak? Intersog Israel https://intersog.co.il/blog/coding-foriot-what-language-does-your-wristband-speak/ 42 ... wearables include: - Real-Time monitoring ms Patient-Physician Information Sharing Social Media Sharing Capabilities 2.1.4 Advantages of IoT in Healthcare The major advantages of IoT in healthcare include:... 3.2: Medical process (Source: Enacting a Rule- Based Alert Business Process in Smart Healthcare Using IoT Wearables [4]) 3.3.1 State Machine owing states at run-time: Starting, Listening, Emergency,... Recovery, Incubation, Febrile or Abnormal 11 Figure 3.3: State (Source: Enacting a Rule- Based Alert Business Process in Smart Healthcare Using IoT Wearables [4]) Figure 3.4: Sta (Source: Enacting a Rule- Based