Faculty management model at universities of VN in the spirit of autonomy and accountability

39} 34] njer}oJs) 7ST] HS Ae International Conference on the Strategy of Technology Education in the Paradigm Shift for Creation and Innovation tải: 20081 †8# †74(s) 09:00~18:30 Š^ : SHLHHSlm sas : õ ASADSA ry s}olai(o x) = L : Innovation 16:00~16:20 practicing in teachers’ parts in methods order to form self-study for college students Nguyen, Duc Hoang, 16:20~16:40 : - Thanh(Ha Noi of instructing the habit learmers and in skill of in Vietnam University of Education) Thi- Kim Huyen(Ha Noi Pedagogical University No.2) FACULTY MANAGEMENT VIETNAM IN THE MODEL SPIRIT AT OF UNIVERSITIES AUTONOMY OF AND ACCOUNTABILITY Pham, a ea wt Van Thuan(Vietnam National University, Intermission (10 minutes) : Vocational Orientation in Secondary Dr Nguyễn Phúc Chỉnh (College of Education — ThaiNguyen 17:10~17:80 - Schools Universiy : A study of cognition in emotional Hanoi) in Vietnam Vietnam) reaction and visualized symbols LTSEN National LiU(ndustrial Kaohsiung CHUNG-SHAN National L¡ 17:30~17:50 Technology Normal Normal Technology Wen-Jiuh 18:10~18:30 Department : The experimental research of technology education Chiang, (Department of Kaohsiung Normal L Educational University) curriculum within Interactive Electronic L; 17:50~18:10 : Department University) SUM Industrial Kaohsiung Educational Chih-chia Chen, Industrial University) Whiteboard Chia-chien Technology Teng [Education National H438 BLO Sh 1) ABLA MR UAS BH) : BANAZILSV SFr UPR: MRUAFOSHHIC EOL T BRE (SRLRAZFES BAG Mh BR) EBLA (MKUAFABFS) KEMBEF (PURKUAFR AFB) FACULTY MANAGEMENT MODEL AT UNIVERSITIES OF VIETNAM IN THE SPIRIT OF AUTONOMY AND ACCOUNTABILITY Pham, Van Thuan Vietnam National University, Hanoi Problem statement According to the project of innovation in education of Vietnam in the stage of 2006-2020, //] one of the most important content and solutions to educational innovation is to innovate education in the spirit of increasing autonomy and accountability and enhancing competition capacity of university and of the whole svstem Defining clearly functions, missions of Government management on education and innovating university-level management in the direction: university has the right of autonomy in training, doing scientific researches, personnel, finance, international relationship; authority of making decisions is focused at university level to increase its competition capacity To carry out the road of the above project in the middle of October, 2007, the Minister of Education and Training has signed a decision of autonomy and accountability for 10 universities Personnel in universities include scientific staffs (lectures, researchers); management and administration staffs also play key roles in improving the quality of training Therefore, enhancing lecturer management is the top strategic goal in innovation in higher education and in improving quality of training Some rights of autonomy and accountability of Vietnamese universities For Vietnamese universities, Article 60 of Law of Education 2005 has prescribed the areas of autonomy and accountability of colleges and universities as follows: - 453- Building curriculums, textbooks, teaching and learni ng plans of training areas; Building enrollment criteria, organizing enrollment and training process, recognizing graduates and awarding degrees; Organizing apparatus of university, treating teachers and staff: enrollment, management, using, Mobilizing, managing, using resources; Cooperating with economic, educational, cultural, sport, medical and scientific research organizations in and outside the country prescribed by the Government When the context has changed and management mechanism changed into socialist-oriented market mechanism, universities must to deal with so many challenges and opportunities not as planned In this case, a university with given autonomy will have capacity to deal with new context and self adjustment to meet the needs of its own development quickly as well as the need of the Government, society and learners timely Autonomy is the necessary condition to help universities in training and disseminating knowledge ; becau se universities have to bar the way — go first, accept risks- find to forese e the events and have initiatives to satisfy the need of society Autonomy and accountability is two paralleled and un-separated faces: Without separated self control means without accountability and vice versa Democracy goes with laws, rights connect closely with duty In the education system of Vietnam, only two national universities have been handed over high autonomy in comparison with other training bases in training, scientific research, organizing, scientific research, personnel, finance and expanding international relations for all management level, avoiding the situation of sending official document 04 the senior level in the uncreative way of “asking and giving” Autonomy ¢ mechanism includes the content of initiative in building strategic developmef orientation, the road and suitable steps for the potentials and the real situatio its organization ~ 454- a ne * Necessity of enhancing the right of autonomy and accou ntability of Vietnamese universities 2.1 The right of autonomy and accountability of universities has become an international trend In the experiences of developed countries (OEDC), to manage higher education system, central and local hierarchic management models are different, however in general, most of countries has their “light above” and “serio us below” ways of authority division, it means to focus on authority of makin g decision at the university-department-subject-lecturer which, university council level (as in the picture below) // 07 In is a functional one and responsible for university administration Procedures of making decision combine model s of “association”, “administration” and “enterprise”, depending on types of univer sities (public or private) According to Burton Clark, higher education in developed countries often has the division of authority of making decision including: - Government/Ministry of areas - University/Board of Rectors - Department/Subject/Lecturers — 455 - Table 1: Models of authority division in higher education Level A B Cc D E a/ Governmment/Ministry b/University c/ epartment/ Subject Lecturer EU UK USA Developing countries, Vietnam among Resource: [Burton Clark, 1983] According to the analysis of higher education researchers, is it right that to enhance “autonomy” for universities is to transfer authority division from E to D? 2.2 Managing lecturers in the spirit of autonomy and accountability suitable for the characters of lecturers in modern higher education Training and doing research in a university are lecturers’ activities Depending on their own missions, they will have the specific activities at universities, contributing positively to the general development of university It can be said that: the power of a university firstly roots from the individual’s strength on the basic of a will and determination of building a strong university If we see training, doing research and serving society are responsibilities of an university, mission of teaching, doing research and serving society are of lecturers Lecturers at university, besides general missions of an officer, thev also have the — 456- main mission of teaching (education and training in the large meaning), doing research and serving society These activities have their own characters, different from usual activities of a usual officer as follows: + Can and also can not control administratively For example: assigning teaching, advising graduates, internship, and field trip according to date, hour, and controlled quantity However, making lesson plan is difficult to control + Effectiveness of these activities is defined via quality of teaching and doing researches It is difficult to define these contents quantitatively + This activity is affected by many factors, in which inner capacity; positive, self-conscious and passive factors in improving quality play important roles These factors need to have favorable environment to maintain This environment is created from combining closely administration, finance and spirit in which stimulating prestige, honour is very important These characters of teaching activity require management, improvement and development to have its own features, combining closely administration, finance and spirit In which, quality is the most interest, effectiveness of creating favorable environment is better than managing rigidly in term of administration Proposing lecturer management model of Vietnamese universities in the spirit of autonomy and accountability In the situation of innovation in higher education of Vietnam, the staff pressure is due to the increase in the quantity of learners, responsibility requirements, role of universities in society economy and the impact of new educational technology Advantages and disadvantages in the process of educational innovation in the spirit of autonomy and accountability as follows: Firstly, universities now are not subsidized completely as before, enhancing autonomy and accountability for universities is suitable for the development of market mechanism of society mechanism, education should be socialized, standardized and modernized Therefore, power and controlled areas of Government are limited Universities should be dynamic to create favorable operating mechanism to increase additional income for university activities ~ 457- Secondly, each university has its own mission which rules the whole activities of university, responsibility and right of each department are defined clearly, not overlapped Thirdly, university performs autonomy of academic, curriculum, training texts, human resource and finance Therefore, autonomy and accountability should be at the time of building strategy and university development plan to carry out specific tasks Fourthly, accordance with autonomy, university has to face with quality assurance, issues related to expenses, training curriculum, human resources If these universities want to exist and develop, and they have to apply the standards of quality assurance, evaluate performance management periodically Ensuring the principle of “training must be suitable for the need of society” to create diversified products with appropriate quality, meet all the demands of labour force market as well as the laws of value and competition of market economy This is responsible to the Government and related interest groups of university Fifthly, university has to take responsibility for its products (human resources for society development, scientific and technological products and services ) to the society Therefore, lecturers and university have to be responsible for their products of training, scientific researches and serving public human This means that resource trained by university must meet the demands of labour force market; graduates should have suitable jobs of their major training areas To gain this, in the great change of science and technology social-economic development, training curriculum should be developed increasingly, each lecturer has to advance and update their new and professional knowledge to stand steady on their legs This is the condition to make lecturers self authorized and self responsible for their jobs to students, university as well as society Finally, universities have to change their traditional training approaches to credit curriculum This is a good condition for lecturers and students to be self authorized and self responsible strongly to universities In short, Government should have a mechanism for universities enjoying their autonomy Enhancing universities and sanctions autonomy have the and to force them accountability entire right to be responsible for universities of operating - 458- without for their products does not mean that the controlling and interfering from the government It is to connect more closely the combination of impact of authorized government and authority of universities under the control of other related interest groups In which, government will draw out from direct management of higher education bases but give out new approaches to control universities’ responsibilities via management mechanism including areas such as finance, human resources, training and recognition financial of product’s quality Higher education bases have to try to meet the criteria of funding and performance regulations, and also have to affirm their trade marks in society Therefore, with other management activities, lecturer management in Vietnamese universities management mechanism has to carry out a mechanism which is suitable for such as planning staff, recruitment, usage, evaluating, improving and dismissing in the spirit of autonomy and accountability to catch the development of higher education of countries in the region and in the world and aiso suitable for the context of Vietnam On the basic of the above reason of argument and reality, and total human resource management /7/, the spirit of human resource management /5/ and spirit of autonomy and accountability of universities, lecturer management in universities of Vietnam in the spirit of autonomy and accountability can be generalized via models including components in the following figure: - 459- Figure 1: Lecturer management model in Vietnamese universities in the spirit of autonomy and accountability Recruitment, usage Treatment policies Served objects (Customers) Lecturer developmen Firstly, environment and development plans of universities (pyramid): stakeholders including objects: university, culture, lecturer show and customers (4 major activities: policies, lecturer (students, students’ parents, employers ) Secondly, recruitment, activities usage, (function) evaluating, of lecturer management selecting, treatment development) Thirdly, information system connecting lecturers (arrows) In conclusion Lecturer management in the spirit of autonomy and accountability is the indispensable general trend of higher education, suitable for the stage of developing and integrating into the higher education of the region and in the world in the context of Vietnam joining in WTO With the point of view that universities have to develop humanity and the process of democratizing training, management activities is the major trend of university management in general, ~ 460- and of lecturer management in particular It is necessary to have a research project that is systematic and comprehensive in human resource management mechanism of Vietnamese universities in the scale of current public administration reform in our country Lecturer management in the spirit of autonomy and accountability is suitable for the approach of innovation in higher education of Vietnam according to enhancing autonomy and accountability and competition capacity for each university as well as for the whole system as the project of innovation in higher education of Vietnam in 2006-2020 has proposed evaluating, selecting, , REFERENCES Bộ Giáo dục Đào tạo (2005), Đề án Đôi GDĐH Việt Nam giai tờ đoạn 2006-2020, Hà Nội Hanoi forum on Higher Education in the 21°", Program and G2 proceedings (2006), VNU, May 15-16 Higher Education in Asia and the Pacific 1998-2003 Meeting of Higher Education Parners, Paris 23-25 June, 2003 Beer, M/ Spector, B/Laurence P.R/Quinn Mills, D./Walton, R.E (1988), Managing Human Assets, New York Carrell M.R (1992): Personnel/Human Resource Management, New York Ngô Cương (2003), Đánh giá nghiệp giáo dục công cộng, Nxb Giáo duc Thuong Hai Matin Hilb (2003), Quan trị nhân téng thé — Muc tiêu- Chiến lược Cong cu, NXB Thong ké R.Glatter, B.Mulford, Shuttleworth D.Gorvenance, Management and Leadership In network of Innovation Toward new models for managing 9, Lâm Quang Thiệp, Quyền AUTONOMY va ACCOUNTABILITY cia trường dai hoc Tạp chí "Đại học Trung học chuyên nghiệp", số 6/1999 10, Paul E Lingefenlter (2003), Education accoutability Change; 11 Schools an systems OECD, 2003 ~ 461- ... in improving the quality of training Therefore, enhancing lecturer management is the top strategic goal in innovation in higher education and in improving quality of training Some rights of autonomy. .. project of innovation in education of Vietnam in the stage of 2006-2020, //] one of the most important content and solutions to educational innovation is to innovate education in the spirit of increasing... administration Proposing lecturer management model of Vietnamese universities in the spirit of autonomy and accountability In the situation of innovation in higher education of Vietnam, the staff pressure