BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC ĐÔNG Á CỘNG HOÀ XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập Tự do Hạnh phúc ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN THI TUYỂN ĐÀO TẠO TRÌNH ĐỘ THẠC SĨ MÔN TIẾNG ANH PHẦN 2 PART 5 READING COMPREHENSION[.]
BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC ĐÔNG Á CỘNG HOÀ XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM Độc lập - Tự - Hạnh phúc ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN THI TUYỂN ĐÀO TẠO TRÌNH ĐỘ THẠC SĨ MƠN TIẾNG ANH PHẦN PART 5: READING COMPREHENSION Passage Read the text Are the statements true or false? A university education is expensive You can borrow money from a bank, but if you so, you will have to pay it back when you start working In some countries you are not obliged to start making repayments until your salary is above a certain level, but you can’t put it off forever! This means that a fairly large proportion of your earnings will have to go towards paying back your loan in the years after you graduate Alternatively, you can try to work and study at the same time; you will get the education you want, and earn the money to pay for it Does this sound ideal? Before you embark on such a course, there are some things you should bear in mind By combining work and studies, you will have an advantage over full-time students Yes, their timetable will be less full than yours, but you will have one thing they don’t: experience If you are studying a subject related to your work, your real-life experiences in the workplace will help you understand the subject better But even if your work is unrelated to your studies, you will still learn a lot about balancing tasks, co-operating with others, and so on Of course, working and studying at the same time can be stressful, and time management is very important Make a plan for each day and each week – and stick to it! Set yourself goals, like completing your assignment by tonight, or finishing a task at work by lunchtime, and then give yourself a small reward for achieving it Buy yourself a chocolate bar, go cycling, or take an evening off to be with friends – whatever makes you happy And speaking of friends, make sure you keep in touch with them through email, text messages, social networking sites, and by meeting up face-to-face The opportunity to share ideas and experiences, get and give advice, and have fun together will keep you motivated and less lonely In short, human relationships are essential for your psychological health, especially when you are stressed Of course, there will be times when you must be on your own so you can focus on your studies In the busy life of a working student, it is easy to lose sight of the ultimate goal, which is to get an education If you find it impossible to balance the demands of working and studying at the same time, you might be better off getting a bank loan after all The author warns that it may take forever to pay off a study loan The author thinks having a job is only helpful if it has something to with your studies The author advises a system of short-term deadlines and treats for success The author suggests that using social media can help you to stay happy and beat stress The author advises against taking a loan if balancing work and study becomes difficult Passage Read the text and choose the best answer for each question Passage Read the text and choose the best answer for each question Advertising in the information age As new forms of communication are developed, so the world of advertising is changing in response Basic ideas which advertisers have always believed are being challenged For example, it used to be said that the more people you reached, the better it was for your business Not any more! Today, people are bombarded by information from television, the Internet, newspapers, magazines and countless other media sources A marketing campaign has to be good to stand out amongst all of these competing messages Because of this, businesses should aim to get their message not to the most people, but to the right people This is especially important for small businesses – but how can they this? Instead of buying expensive advertising space in magazines, or investing in radio and television airtime, the latest advice is to advertise only to potential customers If you own a local hairdresser’s, for example, it is better to post leaflets to all the households in your neighbourhood than to advertise on national television Ask shops that attract similar customers, such boutiques or cosmetics shops, to keep your brochures next to their tills In exchange, you can the same for them Forget general messages; advertise current offers instead ‘Have your hair coloured and get a twenty per cent discount throughout January!’ will work better than ‘Great hairstyles to suit all tastes’ Find out about local events and use them in your promotion Messages like ‘Wouldn’t you love a cool new hairstyle for your school graduation next month?’ will show that you know your customers and are familiar with their needs Use the Internet A website is a cost-effective way of communicating a lot of information: the location of your business, your opening times, your prices, your staff, and so on That way, you can print simpler brochures People rarely bother to read advertising literature with too much information Simply print your main message and add your website address Potential customers who want to know more about you will know where to look Finally, make use of your customers Make sure they are happy with your services, and ask them to recommend you to their friends Ask them for their email addresses so that you can keep them informed about special offers If they agree, there is a good chance that they will forward your emails to their friends Word of mouth is the best advertising there is According to the author, these days it is a challenge to a attract customers’ attention to your business b get your advertising message to as many people as before c advertise on every source of media d find the best possible people to advertise for you According to the author, the most effective way to advertise is to a buy advertising space in different media b speak to other businesses who are likely to become your customers c mail people living near your business d target the people who are most likely to become your customers The best advertising messages a refer to current promotions b include lots of useful information about your business c offer massive price reductions d are aimed at students According to the author, you should a include all the important facts about your business on your leaflets b all your advertising on the Internet c always include your website address on your leaflets d tell potential customers to find out about your business themselves The author says you can make sure that your customers help you to advertise your business by a asking them to advertise your business for a small fee b getting their feedback so they can change things they are not happy with c asking them for their friends’ email addresses so that you can reach more people d providing them with a good service Passage Complete the text with the missing sentences A–F There is one sentence you not need The game of love With the rise of social networking sites and online communication of all kinds, the idea that we can meet and interact with people online is becoming more and more acceptable Across the globe, people can share hobbies and interests – or even meet that ‘special someone’ _ If you are careful and follow a few sensible rules, it’s a relatively safe way to meet a romantic partner And, these days, more and more people are taking virtual dating a step further Online gaming has become very popular in recent years Thousands of people spend hours each day having adventures in virtual fantasy worlds Missions or quests within the game often require characters to work together to solve problems and progress through the game’s levels _ Using this technology, friendships can sometimes form between players through their virtual characters or ‘avatars’ Online games are now so sophisticated that players are not restricted to a single path and game progression as they were in earlier games Since the development of ‘go anywhere’ gameplay, characters can wander around and explore the fantasy landscape however they like Or they can just sit together next to a virtual waterfall and chat And they do! Friends who meet up to kill a dragon may sit down later to talk about their lives and dreams _ But is it really possible to form an accurate impression of a person through the way he or she behaves in an online game? _ And they may create avatars who have characteristics they don’t have in real life However, psychologists say that most gamers create avatars that are surprisingly true to themselves Of course, they may not really be a 6-foot warrior, but there is a stronger connection to reality than people might expect And their interactions with others are sometimes more frank and honest than they might be if they were on a date in the real world Gamers, online daters and users of social networks have to be cautious In the twentyfirst century we are all learning what it means to be connected to the rest of the world – and we need to be very careful when we choose how connected we want to be However, growing numbers of people are choosing to meet, chat, date – and even get married in the virtual world! A In a virtual world, people amazing things in exciting situations B Of course, meeting strangers can be dangerous C This has prompted many players to say that you can learn as much about a person through gaming as you can in real life D Millions of people have now found love on internet dating sites E Most games have a chat function, or even voice communication software F Make sure to tell your friends what you are doing, or even take one of them along with you Passage PART 6: MAKING SENTENCES Make meaningful sentences, using given words Example: I/not/want/stay/home/alone I don’t want to stay at home alone How long/ it/ take/ you/ get/ home/ here Thank you/ invite/ me/ dinner/ next weekend You/ like/ come/ stay/ me/ countryside? I/ look forward/ see/ you/ tomorrow night Joe/ fond/ sing/ dance She/ leave/ house/ without/ say/ word Sorry/ keep/ you/ wait Life/ city/ busy/ life/ country My teacher/ told/ me/ not/ talk/ class 10 How long/ it/ take/ you/ drive/ work? 11 On/ my way/ home/ meet/ old friend 12 I/ apologize/ teacher/ be/ late 13 How long/ it/ take/ you/ get/ home/ here? 14 What/ nice/ tie/ he/ wear! 15 I/ wish/ come/ here/ last week PART 7: REWRITE SENTENCES Rewrite the following sentences without changing meaning 1.I fell asleep because the film so boring The film was so …………………………………………………… Cars cause pollution but people still want them Although …………………………………………………… Please don’t play your music so loudly Would you mind …………………………………………………… Nobody has used this room for ages This room …………………………………………………… “Would you like a cup of coffee, Bill?” Tom asked Tom …………………………………………………… The flight to Ha Noi lasted hours It …………………………………………………… Nam is taller than any other boy in this class Nam …………………………………………………… Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes If Susan …………………………………………………… I started working for the company a year ago I’ve …………………………………………………… 10 The flight to Boston was delayed due to heavy rain Because …………………………………………………… 11 Turn off all the switches before leaving the room All the switches must …………………………………………………… 12 Let’s go for a picnic this weekend? How about …………………………………………………… 13 The woman said to her son “Don’t forget to post the letter” The woman …………………………………………………… 14 Learning to dance is quite expensive It is …………………………………………………… 15 Although I warned them not to climb that tree, they did Despite …………………………………………………… 10 Thì đơn: Form: (+) S + V/ V(s;es) + Object (-) S + do/ does not + V ? (?) Do/ Does + S + V? Cách sử dụng: -Diễn tả lực thân: VD: He plays tennis very well -Thói quen tại: VD: I watch TV every night -Sự thật hiển nhiên;Chân lí ko thể phủ nhận: VD: The sun rises in the East and set in the West -Diễn tả hành động xảy theo lịch trình, thời gian biểu định sẵn, đặc biệt động từ di chuyển VD: The train leaves at 7.00 am in the morning Các trạng từ kèm: always; usually; often; sometimes; occasionally; ever; seldom; rarely; every Cách thêm “s,es” vào động từ thể khẳng định đơn: -Khi chủ ngữ "I / You / We / They chủ ngữ số nhiều khác” giữ nguyên động từ -khi chủ ngữ "He / She / It chủ ngữ số khác" thêm "s" "es" sau động từ Với động từ tận "o,x, ch, z, s, sh" ta thêm "es" vào sau, cịn động từ khác thêm “s” Khi động từ tận "y" đổi "y" thành "i" thêm "es" vào sau động từ Cách phát âm s,es: /iz/: động từ kết thúc đuôi: ce, x, z, sh, ch, s, ge /s/:các động từ kết thúc t, p, f, k, th /z/:khơng có hai trường hợp Hiện tiếp diễn: Form: (+) S + is/am/are + Ving (-) S + is/am/are not + Ving (?) Is/Am/ Are + S + Ving ? Cách sử dụng: -Đang xảy thời điểm nói VD: I’m doing my homework at this time -Sắp xảy có dự định từ trước tương lai gần VD: I’m going to the cinema tomorrow evening -Không dùng với động từ chi giác như: SEE; HEAR; LIKE; LOVE Các trạng từ kèm: At the moment; at this time; right now; now; immediately… 11 Hiện hoàn thành: Form: (+) S + have/has + PP (-) S + have/has not + PP (?) Have/ Has + S + PP Cách sử dụng: - Xảy khứ, kết liên quan đến tại.( Nhấn mạnh đến kết hành động) VD: We have played soccer since we were children -Diễn tả hành động xảy ra, chưa xảy thời điểm không xác định khứ VD: She has been in China for a long time Các trạng từ hay kèm: just; recently; lately; ever; never; already; yet; since; for; so far; until now; up to now; up to present Hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn: Form: (+) S + have/has been + Ving (-) S + have/has been + Ving (?) Have/Has + S + been + Ving Cách sử dụng: -Xảy khứ, kéo dài đến tiếp tục xảy tương lai ( Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục hành động) VD: She has been studying in the library for hours Các trạng từ kèm: just; recently; lately; ever; never; since; for… Quá khứ đơn: Form: (+) S + Ved/ PI-cột bảng Động từ bất quy tắc (-) S + didn’t + V (?) Did + S + V Cách sử dụng: -Xảy chấm dứt hoàn toàn khứ -Nhiều hành động xảy liên tiếp khứ -Trong câu điều kiện loại Các trạng tù kèm: Yesterday; the day before yesterday; ago; already; last; in + mốc thời gian khứ Cách đọc ed: /id/: t,d /t/: c, ch, s, f, k, p x, sh /d/: trường hợp lại Quá khứ tiếp diễn: Form: (+) S + was/ were + Ving 12 (-) S + was / were not + Ving (?) Was/ Were + S + Ving Cách sử dụng: -Các hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ -Nhiều hành động xảy đồng thời khứ -Một hành động xảy hành động khác xen vào: hành động xảy dùng QKTD; hành động xen vào dùng QKĐ Các từ nối kèm: While; when Quá khứ hoàn thành: Form: (+) S + had + PII (-) S + had not + PII (?) Had + S + PII Cách sử dụng: - Một hành động xảy trước hành động khác QK ( hành động xảy trước dùng QKHT; hành động xảy sau dùng QKĐ) -Hành động xảy trước thời điểm xác định khứ -Trong câu điều kiện loại Các trạng từ kèm: before; after; when; while; as soon as; by(trước); already; never; ever; until Quá khứ hồn thành tiếp diễn (ít dùng): Form: (+) S + had been + Ving (-) S + hadn’t been + ving (?) Had + S + been + Ving Cách sử dụng: - Chỉ hành động diễn hồn tất trước hành động khác khứ ( nhấn mạnh đến tính liên tục hành động) Các trạng từ kèm: before; after; when; while; as soon as; by(trước); already; ever; until… Tương lai đơn: Form: (+) S + will/ shall + V (will ngày dùng với tất (-) S + will/ shall not + V shall dùng với “ I” “WE” ) (?)Will / Shall + S + V Cách sử dụng: -Sắp xảy tương lai khơng có dự định trước -Câu yêu cầu; đề nghị; lời hứa; dự đoán cho tương lai -Trong câu điều kiện loại Các trạng từ kèm: tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next; in + thời gian tương lai… Tương lai gần: Form: 13 (+) S + is/am/are + going to + V (-) S + is/am/ are not + going to + V (?)Is/Am/ Are + S + going to + V Cách sử dụng: -Sắp xảy tương lai có dự định trước -Chắc chắn xảy tương lai theo tình cho trước Các trạng từ kèm: tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; next; in+ thời gian tương lai… 10 Tương lai tiếp diễn: Form: (+) S + will / shall + be + Ving (-) S + will / shall not + be + Ving (?) Will / Shall + S + be + Ving Cách sử dụng: -Đang xảy thời điểm xác định tương lai -Nhiều hành động xảy đồng thời tương lai Các trạng từ kèm: trạng từ tương lai đơn; phải dựa vào hoàn cảnh cụ thể để chia 11 Tương lai hồn thành: Form: (+) S + will / shall + have + PII (-) S will/ shall not + have + PII (?) Will / Shall + S + have + PII Cách sử dụng: -Một hành động xảy trước hành động khác tương lai -Một hành động xảy trước thời điểm xác định tương lai Các trạng từ hay kèm: By the time; By + mốc thời gian khứ 12.Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn: Form: (+) S + will have been + Ving (-) S + won’t have been + Ving (?) Will + S + have been + Ving Cách sử dụng: -Kết hợp với mệnh đề thời gian ( by the time + đơn ) -Diễn tả hành động xảy hồn tất trước hành động khác tương lai Dấu hiệu nhận biết: By the time + mệnh đề thời gian tại; by + ngày/ 14