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ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET Qualification BTEC Level HND Diploma in Computing Unit number and title 10: Website Design & Development Submission date Date Received 1st submission Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission Student Name Student ID Class Assessor name Student declaration I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism I understand that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice Student’s signature Grading grid P1 P2 P3 P4 M1 M2 M3 D1 Summative Feedback: Grade: Signature & Date: Resubmission Feedback: Assessor Signature: Date: Table of Contents A Introduction B IDENTIFY THE PURPOSE AND TYPES OF DNS, INCLUDING EXPLANATIONS ON HOW DOMAIN NAMES ARE ORGANISED AND MANAGED(P1) I INTRODUCTION OF WEB II DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF DNS III DNS TYPES IV HOW DNS WORKS 10 How DNS are organised: 10 How DNS are managed 12 C EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS, SERVER HARDWARE, OPERATING SYSTEMS AND WEB SERVER OFTWARE WITH REGARDS TO DESIGNING, PUBLISHING AND ACCESSING A WEBSITE 12 I COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS 12 II WEB SERVER HARDWARE: 15 III WEB SERVER SOFTWARE: 15 IV OPERATING SYSTEMS: 16 V RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS, SERVER HARDWARE, OPERATING SYSTEMS AND WEB SERVER SOFTWARE 16 D EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF COMMON WEB DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND FRAMEWORKS WITH REGARDS TO WEBSITE DESIGN, FUNCTIONALITY AND MANAGEMENT(M1) 17 I Web Application Technologies and Frameworks 17 II EVALUATION THE IMPACT OF WEB TECHNOLOGIES AND FRAMWORKS 19 E REVIEW THE INFLUENCE OF SEARCH ENGINES ON WEBSITE PERFORMANCE AND PROVIDE EVIDENCE-BASED SUPPORT FOR IMPROVING A SITE’S INDEX VALUE AND RANK THROUGH SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION(M2) 20 I Definition of Search Engine 20 II Review the Influence of Search Engines on Website Performance 21 III The Evidence-based Support for Improving a Site’s Index Value and Rank Through Search Engine Optimisation 21 F DISCUSS THE CAPABILITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN FRONT-END AND BACK-END WEBSITE TECHNOLOGIES AND EXPLAIN HOW THESE RELATE TO PRESENTATION AND APPLICATION LAYERS(P3) 23 I Front-End 24 II BACK-END 28 Definition: 28 Back-end Technologies: 29 III Relationship Between Front-end and Back-end 31 IV How Front-End and Back-End Relate To Presentation And Application Layer 32 G DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ONLINE WEBSITE CREATION TOOLS AND CUSTOM BUILT SITES WITH REGARDS TO DESIGN FLEXIBILITY, PERFORMANCE, FUNCTIONALITY, USER EXPERIENCE (UX) AND USER INTERFACE (UI) (P4) 33 Online website creation tools 33 Custom Built Websites 34 The differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites: 35 H EVALUATE A RANGE OF TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP A CUSTOM BUILT WEBSITE(M3) 38 I IDE: 38 II Database Management System: 41 III Web Design 42 A Introduction B IDENTIFY THE PURPOSE AND TYPES OF DNS, INCLUDING EXPLANATIONS ON HOW DOMAIN NAMES ARE ORGANISED AND MANAGED(P1) I INTRODUCTION OF WEB WWW Stands for World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners Lee - a British scientist in 1989 From there, It always has been developing and upgrading time by time Figure 1: Web Image Web works in Client-Server Model Clients are the typical web user's internet-connected devices and web-accessing software available on those devices Servers are computers which store webpages, sites, or apps When a client device wants to access a webpage, a copy of the webpage is downloaded from the server onto the client machine to be displayed in the user's web browser (Krajacic, 2021) For a Web Works, There are some essential technologies: HTTP: Standing for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, HTTP is defined as a protocol that provides a language for Clients and Servers to communicate with each other It Enables to retrieve related materials from all across the web HTML: Also know as HyperText Markup Language, the markup (formatting) language for the web framework builder Websites built by HTML are exchanged in Client-Server Model Web Browser: It is defined as a software application ulitizied allows Clients to find, access, display, and view the information on the WWW One Clients request data or information, web browser retrieves it from a web server and presents it on the user's screen The fundamental function of a web browser is to render HTML (Krajacic, 2021) URL: Uniform Resource Identifier A kind of “address” that is unique and used to identify to each resource on the web It is also commonly called a URL Web Server: Web server is understood as software and underlying that responds to Client's requests via The WWW utilizing HTTP protocols The Web server's primary role is to distribute website content by storing, processing, and serving Webpages to Clients A web server also supports SMTP and FTP (Krajacic, 2021) More about Web Server: Web server is frequently viewed as the most crucial part during developing and hosting the comprehence website However, The expenditure cost of Web Server HardWare is so high for small business or individuals There are some reasons why Web Server Hardware cost is so high: Servers hardware are intended to be higher in levels of reliable security, redundancy, and run under more severe conditions than client PCs, hence server-grade parts are constructed to potentially serious requirements They will frequently have great features and ports, which will raise manufacture costs One server serving for so many Clients For example, because servers are normally intended to function 24 hours a day, we may switch out faulty components such as the power supply, hard disk, and RAM without having to shut down the server Speaking of has failed, servers now have a plethora of early warnings if their hardware is experiencing issues Associated costs of that server including: electricity, internet connections, a place to put it ( racks, secure rooms etc ), hiring people to look after the physical server ( hard drive failures, power etc ), hiring people to admin the server ( security patches, software upgrades etc) (Krajacic, 2021) Therefore, there are now so many server renting services available, which permit individuals, small business can rent to host their website Internet Protocol(IP): A device on the internet or a local network is identified by its IP address, which is a unique address The Internet Protocol (IP) is a collection of rules that regulate the format of data transferred over the internet or a local network Anything connected to the internet - laptops, tablets, mobile phones, websites - has an Internet Protocol (IP) address Your favorite website might have an IP address like 93.184.216.34, but this is obviously not easy to remember (Anon., 2021) This also lead to the establish of DNS II DEFINITION AND PURPOSE OF DNS DEFINITION: DNS stands for Domain Name System - A system for transforming alphabetic names to numeric IP addresses on the Internet to translate our domain names It was created in 1983 at the University of California, Irvine It is intended to be a distributed hierarchical system (Krajacic, 2021) Figure 2: DNS Image PURPOSE: It can handle the large volumes of requests required by the internet or a tiny private network When a user types a Web address (URL) into a browser, DNS servers return the IP address of the Web server that corresponds to that name The DNS translates the URL www.company.com into the IP address 204.0.8.51 in this made-up example To retrieve the website without DNS, you'd have to type a series of four digits and dots into your browser, which you can Look at the IP address It is a system that matches names with numbers like a phonebook does III When a client attempts to resolve google.com, it checks its DNS cache first If it has it cached, it will show up Simply type that address into your browser If it doesn't, the lookup procedure will begin DNS TYPES There are some main DNS server types: DNS Resolver: Once a DNS query has been sent from the client, a recursive resolver will bring back cached data if it is found in the cache, or it will send a request to a root nameserver, then another request to a TLD (Top Level Domain) nameserver, and finally a request to an authoritative nameserver If the recursive resolver does not have the requested website in its cache, it will go through the process of obtaining the desired website's IP address and returning it It will then save this IP address for a length of time in its memory (W3schools, 2017) DNS Iterative: The iterative DNS query will ask a DNS server for information on a website; the user will enter the URL of the website they are looking for, and the resolver will either provide an answer from cached memory or ask another DNS server if they have the answer by returning the address of that DNS server; if it cannot return a definitive answer, it will ask the next server The query will begin at the root server and work its way down the levels based on the referrals it receives DNS Root Servers: The root name server for DNS records is a server that plays a key role in converting a domain name into an IP address for a machine by responding to queries made in the DNS root zone The servers can respond to queries that have been cached in the root zone They can also redirect non-TLD server queries to the TLD server TLD (Top Level Domain) Nameserver: The TLD nameserver refers to the portion of a domain name that comes after the dot TLDs are divided into two groups: country TLDs and industry TLDs As an example FR stands for France, while.GOV stands for government websites In the root zone of the DNS for the internet, the TLD is the highest level of domain names It is the last section of the domain name for the other domains at lower levels The IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), which is part of the ICANN organization, is in charge of managing TLD nameservers (W3schools, 2017) Authoritative Nameservers: Answers to a DNS query are provided by an authoritative nameserver It does not deliver replies from the cached memory for websites The authoritative nameserver responds to recursive DNS nameservers with the IP address of the website (or other server) being sought The authoritative name server manages domain name records, which can be A, CNAME, MX, NS, SOA, or TXT records If a DNS server in a network stores a record for a website, such as www.example.co.uk, this DNS server becomes the authoritative server for the example.co.uk domain (W3schools, 2017) IV HOW DNS WORKS How DNS are organised: DNS servers are arranged in a hierarchical structure and communicate via private network protocols Each DNS server has a public IP address and a database of other Internet hosts' network names/addresses (Fielding, 2014) Process: Step 1: Requesting Website Information When you ask your computer to resolve a hostname, such as https://dyn.com, the procedure begins Your computer's local DNS cache, which retains information that it has recently retrieved, is the first place it checks for the associated IP address (Mitchell, 2018) According to the TIOBE Index 2021, Java is one of the most powerful backend technologies, ranking second This programming technology was created by James Gosling in 1991 and published by Sun Microsystems in 1995 For years, developers have preferred to use Java to create feature-rich and versatile online apps However, Java may also be used to write software for mobile devices, severe, and microcontrollers C# C#, sometimes known as C-sharp, is a popular backend programming language used in the Windows environment for automation The ASP.net framework also uses C# for web development In this day, this backend technology is primarily employed for desktop apps and embedded systems C# has a faster execution speed than most other programming languages, such as Python C# is an object-oriented language, which means you may use classes and relationships to organize your code It is beneficial to establish a system that allows for easy troubleshooting in the event that something goes wrong Cross-Platform: Applications that use the C# backend can run on a variety of operating platforms, including Windows, macOS, and Linux Interoperability: C# applications are compatible with older legacy systems Server: Web Server can support enlarge data storage support, so it is capable to make multiple websites Configure log file settings, such as where log files are saved, what data should be included in log files, and so on Configure the security of the website/directory For instance, which user accounts are permitted to visit the website, which IP addresses are permitted to view the website, and so on Make an FTP server Users can upload and download files to and from an FTP site Make virtual directories and map them to physical ones Custom error pages can be configured and nominated Server can create and show user-friendly error messages on your website Default documents can be supplied, for example, if a file's name is not specified, default documents will be displayed (Akhtar, 2021) Service: Web services are self-contained applications There is no additional software required on the client side To get started, you'll need a programming language that supports XML and HTTP clients You only need an HTTP server and a SOAP server on the server side Web services are self-explanatory A Web Service Description Language (WSDL) file contains all of the information you'll need to create a Web service as a provider or to use one as a requester Web services are fundamentally open, and the major technical foundations for Web services are standards-based XML and HTTP Open-source initiatives have been used to build a substantial portion of the Web service technology Database: Database management system (DBMS) is a software or tool which can be used for managing and maintaining the data within the database The major capabilities of DBMS are listed below: Data Storage: The data will be stored in a tabular manner in the RDBMS model, where a table is nothing more than a collection of rows and columns Data Retrieval: The index mechanism in RDBMS allows for faster data retrieval Data Update: DML commands are used by RDBMS to support data modification Security: Authentication and authorization will be used in the RDBMS paradigm to provide high-level security Data Independence: Authentication and authorization will be used in the RDBMS paradigm to provide high-level security III Relationship Between Front-end and Back-end The user interface/client and related code/tools are referred to as the front-end, whilst the server-side and related code/tools are referred to as the back-end CSS, HTML, and JavaScript, as well as the numerous tools and frameworks that operate with these technologies, will be used to interact with the application by the User/Human Particularly, Back-end or server side always ensure execute properly the program encompassing the whole code phrase, algorithm and network communication for each activities that users interact with on the front-end side The back-end/server will communicate across the internet in response to queries via the "http" protocol, which allows requests and responses to be sent as "packets" across a network or networks The back-end will have some code (PHP, Python, Java, etc.) that will instruct the server what to do, such as whether to acquire data, generate new data, update data, delete data, and so on based on what user perform on the front-end or client side The server will consecutively interact with a data store, such as a database, to store and provide data in a structured manner There are many more processes and technologies involved, but the basic relationship between frontend and back-end is that it permits interactions between a human on a browser (or another server with merely back-end via APIs) and a server/database someplace on the internet (Wales, 2020) Roles: Both are critical components of web development, and despite their differences, they are like two sides of the same coin The visual aspects of a website that a user may see and experience are referred to as frontend Backend web development, on the other hand, is responsible for everything that occurs in the background It's more of a frontend web experience enabler Frontend refers to the visual aspects of a website that users can view and interact with The backend, on the other hand, is responsible for everything that occurs in the background Essentials: The frontend is sometimes known as the "client-side" of an application, as opposed to the backend, which is the "serverside." Languages like Java, Ruby, Python, PHP,.Net, and others are necessary for backend web development HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are the most common frontend languages IV How Front-End and Back-End Relate To Presentation And Application Layer Front-end layer The presentation layer, also known as the front-end layer, is made up of the user interface, which is a graphical user interface that can be accessed via a web browser or a web application that displays content and information that is valuable to the end user Similarly, this application layer is created using web technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, as well as frameworks, and communicates with other levels via API calls (Wales, 2020) Back-end layer The functional business logic that drives an application's fundamental features is stored in the application layer, which is typically written in Java,.NET, C#, Python, C++, and other languages The database / data storage system and the database layer are both part of the Database layer, and systems such as MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Microsoft SQL Server, and others are examples of these systems The Application layer accesses data through API calls The presentation layer is typically delivered to desktops, tablets, and phones via a web browser or a web-based application hosted on a web server, while the application layer is typically hosted in the cloud or on a dedicated workstation, depending on the application's complexity and processing power requirements There are the different benefits of using three-layer architecture such as speed of development, scalability, performance and availability as well as it also helps to improve development efficiency by allowing team to focus on their core competencies G DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ONLINE WEBSITE CREATION TOOLS AND CUSTOM BUILT SITES WITH REGARDS TO DESIGN FLEXIBILITY, PERFORMANCE, FUNCTIONALITY, USER EXPERIENCE (UX) AND USER INTERFACE (UI) (P4) Online website creation tools Premade webpages or collections of webpages that are essentially clones of a website's key core framework pieces that can then be marginally customized and populated with your own content are known as Online website creation toolss These templates are designed by web professionals and include important elements such as HTML, CSS, and code to ensure that the website runs smoothly Similarly, to use an online website builder, users must first join in to their account Some templates are free, while others need payment Some sites also offer web hosting services after purchasing a template, as well as a dedicated server that allows the site to load as quickly as possible (Bhavin, 2019) Generally, it simplifies the web building process for customers that need websites fast and inexpensively but don't want anything particularly innovative in terms of design, performance, or functionality Some of Online Website Creation tools: Wix.com, Googlesite, WordPress Benefits of Utilizing Online website creation tools: o Online website creation tools are reasonable for people on a low budget It will give you all of the tools you need to get your site up and running at a reduced cost o Users don't need any prior coding experience Drag and drop features in template web designs allow anybody with any degree of knowledge to construct a website Regular functions require little to no coding o Prebuilt templates also result in lower initial expenses because you won't have to hire someone to put it up if you it yourself o You can drastically reduce the time it takes to construct your website by choosing a template Drawbacks of Utilizing Online website creation tools: o With such a large number of businesses using the service, Users will almost certainly find that many others are using the same designs as them In the end, this implies that this website will struggle to stand out among the crowd o The site's customization options are restricted The template limits the web to work inside its constraints, limiting your originality and features o The user interface may differ depending on the device developer use and may not function properly As a result, there may be inconsistencies in the user experience between devices o Some features and technologies may not be appropriate for website Templates use a structured approach, which may limit the number of plugins that may be used, limiting web's future capability (Bhavin, 2019) o Developers frequently create templates, release them, and then forget about them This means they aren't maintaining its coding and structure, which can lead to serious security risks if a WordPress platform upgrade is released that breaks the template's compatibility Custom Built Websites Custom-built websites are developed from the ground up for your business (much like a bespoke tailored suit!) and typically require a trained and trusted team to put it all together (Bhavin, 2019) It all starts with in-depth brainstorming sessions and a well-thought-out strategic plan that reflects the website value and brand In a nutshell, it's a creative approach to figure out who your target market is, how developers want to reach out to a broader audience, what this website's purpose is, and how developers want to represent themselves on the internet Benefits of Utilizing Custom Built Websites: o The website will have a entirely unique design that incorporates the company's branding and is perfectly suited to customer's demands o Future adjustments and expansion: because developers have complete control over all of the codes, development team of professionals can quickly make changes o Easy administration: because the website was developed to specifications, developers already know how to operate it o High security: custom-made websites are more secure than template sites provided they are updated on a regular basis o The site will be optimized for search engines (SEO) Speed, keywords, meta descriptions, and even URLs – being SEO friendly is one of the most important things about website o Total responsiveness: if the user experience or business rules need to be modified, developers can it instantly o Total adaptability: developers may customize the website to match company's image and marketing plans (Bhavin, 2019) Drawbacks of Utilizing Custom Built Websites: o Initial realization costs are high o Fixed maintenance costs: maintaining a team of professionals to monitor and enhance the website is required to ensure responsiveness and security o Longer development time: Depending on the intricacy of the website, it could take anywhere from a few weeks to a few months to build o Customers will need to have a background in coding or employ someone who does and can build their site to develop, produce, and submit custom-built website designs Above all, this means that having a custom-built website has a far greater entry barrier than using a template The differences between online website creation tools and custom built sites: Flexibility: Online Website Creation Tools - Most templates are designed in such a way that what users see is exactly what they receive The colors and possibly the typefaces can be changed, but the layout is relatively set If users really like the style and design and not want to modify it, a template can be a good option for users However, The site's customization options are restricted The template limits the web to work inside its constraints, limiting your originality and features Start-start businesses and do-it-yourselfers frequently require a website to be up and running quickly and on a tight budget Plug-and-play website layouts and platforms such as WordPress, Squarespace, and Wix are common (Bhavin, 2019) Custom Built Websites - A custom website can be expanded at any time Use can always call the web developer with a ridiculous idea, and they'll typically figure out a way to make it happen Making customer's website perform cartwheels is what we call it Custom features can be added to make managing website and, in certain cases, business easier When it comes to events, members-only sections, project portfolios, or any other concept customers or their developer have for showcasing how awesome their firm is, the creation won't be limited With a custom website, Users can and should use design to express their company's culture and personality A one-of-akind design can be presented, changed, and turned into a bespoke website template A good web development company is always updating their code and looking for new methods to make the sites they create last longer They're on the lookout for new Google SEO best practices as they emerge Performance: Online Website Creation Tools - Online website creation tools are created by skilled designers who make fewer mistakes, which improves site performance when compared to custom-built sites However, some sites perform poorly due to improper coding User cannot place complete reliance in an online website to deliver rapid performance, as the speed of an online site is dependent on the coding style used, as well as the number of plugins and animations used Custom Built Websites - A good web development company is always updating their code and looking for new methods to make the sites they create last longer Custom-built websites perform better in terms of search engine optimization However, custom build website is made by coding in which the designer can made mistake Custom Built Websites design the detail web with more plugins and animation are also slower (Bhavin, 2019) Functionality: Online Website Creation Tools - The user interface may differ depending on the device developer use and may not function properly As a result, there may be inconsistencies in the user experience between devices In websites using Online Website Creation Tools, functionality may be reduced In template sites, adding e-commerce and other bespoke applications is difficult or impossible Custom Built Websites - Web developers that create websites from the ground up have the technical expertise to ensure that your site is search engine optimized This is an important aspect of any digital marketing strategy, particularly if you're targeting a certain geographic location or service/product group User Experience(UX) Online Website Creation Tools - There are many users are dissatisfied with the style and outlook of websites created with online web creation tools, and it is unable to construct a user-friendly UX Furthermore, The user cannot alter the User Experience in order to attract visitors, and the user must be content with the design that is offered for User Experience Custom Built Websites - There are different User Interfaces that can be developed by the designer to attract visitors, as well as UX that can be designed in different pages of the same website to attract people and keep them coming back to your site to acquire the information you have accessible There are a variety of technologies that may be used to improve UX, and they can be customized to meet the needs of the customer Furthermore, online templates are unable to construct user experiences, whereas a custom-built website designer is able to so User Interface(UI) Online Website Creation Tools - Clients that continue to use online web creation tools that are not appropriate for their site, such as e-commerce, will not receive a proper User Interface since users will not connect with the site friendlier However, The website can be user-friendly in order for visitors to be able to access and engage with the information on the site Custom Built Websites - It manages the User Interface and renders the site more user-friendly Different information can be found on a website, and in case vary functions are available, it will be easier to handle that information This will help the site rank higher in terms of user information, as users will be able to access information more rapidly than on other sites Furthermore, designers can apply many UI technologies to design outstanding visuals in reasonable timeframes, which could be completed in a custom design website and help to boost design procedure in various ways, as well as the User Interface can be changed later if the user wants to create a different UI (Bhavin, 2019) H EVALUATE A RANGE OF TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE TO DESIGN AND DEVELOP A CUSTOM BUILT WEBSITE(M3) I IDE: Visual Studio Code: Visual Studio Code's central characteristic is a lightning-fast source code editor that's ideal for web development Syntax highlighting, bracket-matching, auto-completation, box-selection, snippets, and more are all available in VS Code, which supports hundreds of languages, especially JS We can manage our code with ease thanks to intuitive keyboard shortcuts, easy modification, and communitycontributed keyboard shortcut mappings When it comes to serious coding, we'll stand to gain from tools that understand more code than just blocks of text IntelliSense code completion, sophisticated semantic code understanding and navigation, and code refactoring are all included into Visual Studio Code When the coding becomes difficult, the tough turn to debugging We made it happen since debugging is generally the one feature that developers miss the most in a lighter development experience Developers may step through source code, analyze variables, view call stacks, and run commands in the console with Visual Studio Code's interactive debugger It helps building with love for the Web VS Code includes enriched built-in support for Node.js development with JavaScript and TypeScript, powered by the same underlying technologies that drive Visual Studio VS Code also includes great tooling for web technologies such as JSX/React, HTML, CSS, SCSS, Less, and JSON Visual Studio Code integrates the finest of web, native, and language-specific technology in its architecture VS Code uses Electron to integrate web technologies like JavaScript and Node.js with native app speed and flexibility The same industrial-strength HTML-based editor that powers the cloud editor, Internet Explorer's F12 Tools, and other projects is used in VS Code VS Code also employs a tools service architecture that allows it to interface with many of the same technologies that run Visual Studio, such as Roslyn for.NET, TypeScript, the Visual Studio debugging engine, and others Sublime Text: Sublime Text will start a process called "symbol analysis" when developers launch a project, which is a fancy phrase for discovering keywords in your code What I like about symbol analysis is that I can open a symbol search menu by pressing Cmd + Shift + R and quickly identify class names and methods across my code I typically deal with PHP I can search for it in the symbol search and have my PHP class file open in the editor right away Sublime Text can be viewed as the fastest text editor for writing code It opens almost instantly and conducts lightningfast searches There is a plugin for a nicer sidebar in ublime, and there are other keyboard shortcut plugins like AdvancedNewFile that help with the transition Although Sublime contains debugging plugins, they aren't as robust as those provided by VS Code out of the box Pycharm: Using PyCharm makes it easier to fast and effectively implement both local and global modifications While writing simple Python code and integrating with Python frameworks, developers can take advantage of the IDE's refactoring features For files, classes, functions, methods, properties, parameters, and local/global variables, they can use the rename and move refactoring Similarly, by extracting variables, fields, constants, and arguments, they can increase code quality PyCharm also has an extract method that helps programmers to break up lengthy classes and methods (W3schools, n.d.) Coding with PyCharm quite comfortable because PyCharm's smart code navigation options assist programmers in editing and improving code without wasting time and effort This IDE makes it easy for programmers to go to a class, file, or symbol, as well as invoke declarations from a reference The user can almost instantly locate an item in the source code, a code snippet, a UI element, or a user action They can also set bookmarks in the code and locate the use of particular symbols At the same time, engineers can use the code navigation capability to thoroughly examine the code in lens mode IntelliJ IDEA: IntelliJ IDEA is without a doubt the best IDE for Java developer The design incorporates efficiency and intelligence, resulting in a very seamless development workflow experience, from design through implementation, building, deploying, testing, and debugging, as well as refactoring! It's jam-packed with functionality and comes with a slew of plugins that we may use to customize the editor The easy and clever ideas go well beyond all the technological integrations, shortcuts, and other productivity-enhancing features They provide us advice on how to name everything, using naming conventions that provide best practices, or they propose how to move to new Java features (MCKINNON, 2020) JetBrains WebStorm WebStorm is a static code analysis tool that is reliable, fast, and customizable This analysis identifies language and runtime issues and recommends fixes and enhancements It also indexes your entire project and can find unneeded methods, variables, and other items I really appreciate the built-in test runner in WebStorm You can run and debug your tests directly from the IDE in this manner If you anticipate the following code to run only after the promise has been resolved, not waiting for promises can be a big pain If there are any unresolved commitments, WebStorm will show them WebStorm comes with everything you need to advanced git work right out of the box With a visual diff/merge tool built right into the IDE, you can commit files, evaluate changes, and resolve issues (MCKINNON, 2020) II Database Management System: MS SQL SERVER SQL server provides improved performance because to its built-in transparent data compression and encryption technologies Users not need to change apps to secure and encrypt data SQL Server has powerful permission management features and access controls to help users protect critical company data The SQL Server database is extremely safe, and it employs complex encryption methods that make breaching the security layers nearly impossible SQL Server is a commercial relational database with extra security features to help prevent intrusions SQL Server has a number of advanced tools that can help you restore and recover data that has been lost or destroyed It is feasible to recover the entire database using advanced recovery techniques The Database Engine, which is at the heart of SQL Server, manages data storage and aids in the execution of user requests and queries, including transactions, files, and indexes These SQL Server features are frequently used by large enterprises MySQL The MySQL database server is the pinnacle of scalability, with the ability to handle everything from deeply embedded applications with a 1MB footprint to enormous data warehouses with terabytes of data MySQL is known for its platform adaptability, which includes support for Linux, UNIX, and Windows Database pros may tune the MySQL database server particularly for individual applications thanks to a unique storage-engine architecture, resulting in incredible speed Because of its high-performance query engine, enormously quick data insert capability, and excellent support for specialized web tasks like fast full-text searches, MySQL has become the de-facto standard for high-traffic online sites These same advantages apply in data warehousing situations, where MySQL may grow up to terabytes on single servers or in scale-out structures III Web Design Adobe PTS Cs6 It quite uncomplicated to use, even newbie and people who are not designers When it comes to website design, it's always advisable to develop a website mock-up in Photoshop before diving into the coding This is because the coding phase will become easier if you have the design you want to apply right in front of your eyes In Photoshop, moving objects and tweaking things is simple When working with HTML, one minor modification might completely derail your project (MCKINNON, 2020) References Aasif, 2021 Appypie [Online] Available at: https://www.appypie.com/top-web-development-frameworks Akhtar, R., 2021 Quicky Tech [Online] Available at: https://www.quickytechx.online/2021/05/web-servers-its-types-characteristics.html Anon., 2017 Web Server [Online] Available at: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4928/web-server Anon., 2018 Web Server [Online] Available at: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/web_servers.htm Anon., 2019 blissbranding [Online] Available at: https://www.blissbranding.com/2020/01/02/top-10-seo-solutions-to-help-your-website-rank/ Anon., 2021 UKEssays [Online] Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/information-systems/purpose-and-types-of-dns-2.php?vref=1 Barnard, J., 2020 What Is SEO? A Beginner’s Guide to Search Engine Optimization [Online] Available at: https://www.semrush.com/blog/what-isseo/?kw=&cmp=AA_SRCH_DSA_Blog_Core_BU_EN&label=dsa_pagefeed&Network=g&Device=c&utm_content=515816678291&kwid=dsa1053501802787&cmpid=12565136841&agpid=119030067346&BU=Core&extid=203772963699&adpos=&gclid=Cj0KCQiA-eeMBh Bhavin, 2019 Advantages of Custom Built Sites vs Online Website Builder Tools [Online] Available at: https://www.icecubedigital.com/blog/advantages-of-custom-built-sites-vs-online-website-builder-tools/ Fielding, R., 2014 Httpwg [Online] Available at: https://httpwg.org/specs/rfc7230.html Krajacic, N., 2021 Domain [Online] Available at: https://domain.me/how-domain-names-work/ MCKINNON, J., 2020 List of Integrated Development Environments (IDE) [Online] Available at: https://websitesetup.org/best-ide-software/ Mitchell, R., 2018 Maker [Online] Available at: https://maker.pro/custom/tutorial/an-intro-to-http-and-its-basic-commands Nick, 2020 Nerd.Vision [Online] Available at: https://www.nerd.vision/post/pros-and-cons-of-frameworks-in-web-development W3schools, 2017 W3schools [Online] Available at: https://www.w3schools.in/types-of-network-protocols-and-their-uses/ W3schools, n.d [Online] Available at: https://www.w3schools.com/python/default.asp Wales, M., 2020 Web Dev Careers Decoded: Front-End vs Back-End vs Full Stack [Online] Available at: https://www.udacity.com/blog/2020/12/front-end-vs-back-end-vs-full-stack-web-developers.html ... https://www.semrush.com/blog/what-isseo/?kw=&cmp=AA_SRCH_DSA_Blog_Core_BU_EN&label=dsa_pagefeed&Network=g&Device=c&utm_content= 515 816 6782 91& kwid=dsa10535 018 02787&cmpid =12 56 513 68 41& agpid =11 9030067346&BU=Core&extid=203772963699&adpos=&gclid=Cj0KCQiA-eeMBh Bhavin, 2 019 Advantages of Custom Built Sites vs Online Website... 16 D EVALUATE THE IMPACT OF COMMON WEB DEVELOPMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND FRAMEWORKS WITH REGARDS TO WEBSITE DESIGN, FUNCTIONALITY AND MANAGEMENT(M1) 17 I Web Application... OF WEB WWW Stands for World Wide Web was invented by Tim Berners Lee - a British scientist in 19 89 From there, It always has been developing and upgrading time by time Figure 1: Web Image Web