WIDA English Language Development Standards Framework, 2020 Edition Kindergarten—Grade 12 Promote equity for multilingual learners • Teach language and content together Suggested citation: WIDA (2020) WIDA English language development standards framework, 2020 edition: Kindergarten–grade 12 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System © 2020 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System WIDA is housed within the Wisconsin Center for Education Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Version 1.5 WIDA English Language Development Standards Framework, 2020 Edition Kindergarten—Grade 12 The WIDA Consortium is a member-based organization made up of U.S states, territories, and federal agencies dedicated to the research, design, and implementation of a high-quality, standards-based system for K-12 multilingual learners WIDA Consortium Members Alabama Alaska Bureau of Indian Education Colorado Delaware District of Columbia Department of Defense Education Activity Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Kentucky Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico North Carolina North Dakota Northern Mariana Islands Oklahoma Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee U.S Virgin Islands Utah Vermont Virginia Washington Wisconsin Wyoming The WIDA International School Consortium is a global network of 500 accredited preK12 independent schools in over 100 countries focused on educating multilingual learners WIDA English Language Development Standards Framework, 2020 Edition Contents Introduction Welcome to the WIDA English Language Development Standards Framework, 2020 Edition Section 1: Big Ideas 15 Section 2: Understanding the WIDA ELD Standards Framework 21 Section 3: Grade-Level Cluster Materials 37 Kindergarten 41 Key Language Uses 42 Language Expectations, Functions, and Features 44 Annotated Language Samples 54 Proficiency Level Descriptors 57 Grade 61 Key Language Uses 62 Language Expectations, Functions, and Features 64 Annotated Language Samples 75 Proficiency Level Descriptors 79 Grades 2-3 83 Key Language Uses 84 Language Expectations, Functions, and Features 86 Annotated Language Samples 98 Proficiency Level Descriptors 101 Grades 4-5 105 Key Language Uses 106 Language Expectations, Functions, and Features 108 Annotated Language Samples 129 Proficiency Level Descriptors 135 Grades 6-8 139 Key Language Uses 140 Language Expectations, Functions, and Features 142 Annotated Language Samples 164 Proficiency Level Descriptors 171 Grades 9-12 177 Key Language Uses 178 Language Expectations, Functions, and Features 180 Annotated Language Samples 202 Proficiency Level Descriptors 209 Section 4: Resources 215 Key Language Uses: A Closer Look 217 Collaborative Planning for Content and Language Integration: A Jump-Off Point for Curricular Conversations 234 Glossary 251 Appendices 261 Appendix A: WIDA English Language Development Standards Framework, 2020 Edition—Meeting ESSA Title Requirements 263 Appendix B: Correspondence Tables for Content and Language Standards 266 Appendix C: A Compilation of K-12 Key Language Use Distribution Tables and Language Expectations 288 Appendix D: A Compilation of K-12 Proficiency Level Descriptors, with Technical Notes 329 Appendix E: High-Level Comparison of WIDA Standards Editions From 2004 to 2020 351 Appendix F: Theoretical Foundations of the WIDA ELD Standards Framework, 2020 Edition 354 Appendix G: Select References 375 Appendix H: Standards Development Process and Acknowledgements 379 Tables Table 1-1: WIDA ELD Standards Statements Table 1-2: Organization of the WIDA ELD Standards Framework, 2020 Edition 10 Table 1-3: Audience and Potential Uses of the WIDA ELD Standards Framework, 2020 Edition 13 Table 2-1: Abbreviated forms of the Five English Language Development Standards Statements 24 Table 2-2: The Anatomy of a Language Expectation 30 Table 2-3: Dimensions of Language in the Proficiency Level Descriptors: Criteria Foci and Sample Language Features 33 Table 2-4: What the WIDA ELD Standards Framework is and What It Is Not 35 Table 3-1: Representations of the Components of the WIDA ELD Standards Framework in Grade-Level Cluster Materials 40 Table 3-2: Snapshots of Key Language Uses in Kindergarten 42 Table 3-3: Distribution of Key Language Uses in Kindergarten 43 Table 3-4: Snapshots of Key Language Uses in Grade 62 Table 3-5: Distribution of Key Language Uses in Grade 63 Table 3-6: Snapshots of Key Language Uses in Grades 2-3 84 Table 3-7: Distribution of Key Language Uses in Grades 2-3 85 Table 3-8: Snapshots of Key Language Uses in Grades 4-5 106 Table 3-9: Distribution of Key Language Uses in Grades 4-5 107 Table 3-10: Snapshots of Key Language Uses in Grades 6-8 140 Table 3-11: Distribution of Key Language Uses in Grades 6-8 141 Table 3-12: Snapshots of Key Language Uses in Grades 9-12 178 Table 3-13: Distribution of Key Language Uses in Grades 9-12 179 Table 4-1: Definitions of Key Language Uses 219 Table 4-2: Narrate Genre Family 222 Table 4-3: Narrate Through the Years of Schooling 223 Table 4-4: Narrate Across Content Areas 224 WIDA English Language Development Standards Framework, 2020 Edition Table 4-5: Inform Genre Family 225 Table 4-6: Inform Through the Years of Schooling 226 Table 4-7: Inform Across Content Areas 227 Table 4-8: Explain Genre Family 228 Table 4-9: Explain Through the Years of Schooling 229 Table 4-10: Explain Across Content Areas 230 Table 4-11: Argue Genre Family 231 Table 4-12: Argue Through the Years of Schooling 232 Table 4-13: Argue Across Content Areas 233 Table 4-14: The Unit’s Academic Content and WIDA ELD Standards 239 Table 4-15: Sample Content Unit Architecture 240 Table 4-16: Progress Trackers, Reading Informational Text, Driving Question Boards, and Building Understanding 241 Table 4-17: Language Expectations with Embedded Language Functions 244 Table 4-18: Example Language Features that are Commonly Associated with a Language Function 245 Table A-1: Critical Elements in Meeting ESSA Title Requirements 263 Table D-1: Comparison of Criteria in 2014 Features of Academic Language Chart and 2020 Dimensions of Language Table 329 Table D-2: Differences Between Performance Definitions and Proficiency Level Descriptors 332 Table E-1: Comparison of Editions of the WIDA Language Standards 352 Table F-1: Updated Abbreviations for the WIDA ELD Standards, 2020 Edition 361 Table F-2: The Dimensions of Language: A Short Reference 367 Table H-1: SEA Standards Subcommittee Members (2018-2020) 380 Table H-2: LEA Advisory Committee Members 380 Table H-3: October 2019 Focus Group Participants, WIDA Annual Conference 381 Table H-4: Researcher/Teacher Advisory Panel (April 2020) 383 Table H-5: Domestic and International Educators 384 Table H-6: WIDA Standards Development Team 386 Figures Figure 1-1: Big Ideas in the 2020 Edition 17 Figure 2-1: The Components of the WIDA ELD Standards Framework 23 Figure 2-2: Relationship among the WIDA ELD Standards 25 Figure 2-3: Four Key Language Uses 26 Figure 2-4: Example Reference Code for a Language Expectation 28 Figure 2-5: Modes of Communication 29 Figure 2-6: Dimensions of Language within a Sociocultural Context 32 Figure 3-1: Kindergarten Language Functions and Language Features 45 Figure 3-2: Grade Language Functions and Language Features 65 Figure 3-3: Grades 2-3 Language Functions and Language Features 87 Figure 3-4: Grades 4-5 Language Functions and Language Features 109 Figure 3-5: Grades 6-8 Language Functions and Language Features 143 Figure 3-6: Grades 9-12 Language Functions and Language Features 181 Figure 4-1: The Four Key Language Uses 217 Figure 4-2: Sample Collaborative Planning Process 237 Figure 4-3: Honing a Language Focus through the WIDA ELD Standards Framework 246 Figure 4-4: Lesson Planning Considerations 249 Figure D-1: Cumulative Expansion of Multilingual Learners’ Linguistic Resources 331 Figure E-1: Editions of the WIDA Language Standards 351 Figure F-1: Four Big Ideas in WIDA ELD Standards Framework, 2020 Edition 355 Figure F-2: Communication Modes Used in WIDA 2020 Edition 358 Figure F-3: The WIDA ELD Standards Framework, 2020 Edition 360 Figure F-4: Relationship among the WIDA ELD Standards 362 Figure F-5: Key Language Uses 363 Figure F-6: Elements within WIDA Language Expectations 364 Figure F-7: WIDA ELD Standards Framework: Relationship between Language Expectations, Language Functions, and Language Features 365 WIDA English Language Development Standards Framework, 2020 Edition Introduction