Speaking test trns4

Speaking Test Trns4 1 What is DNA? Why is it important for life? Would you change your own DNA to become smarter or to have different colors of hair? Why or why not? (DNA) is a molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique DNA, along with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction In all living things, DNA is essential for inheritance, coding for proteins, and providing instructions for life and its proce.

Speaking Test Trns4

1. What is DNA? Why is it important for life? Would you change your own DNA to become smarter or to have different colors of hair? Why or why not? -(DNA) is a molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique DNA, along with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction

-In all living things, DNA is essential for inheritance, coding for proteins, and providing instructions for life and its processes DNA dictates how a human or animal develops and reproduces, and eventually dies

-Am I going to change my own DNA to be smarter or have different hair colors? The answer is no I'm proud when I can be myself, I don't need to change

my DNA to do anything My DNA is inherited from my parents, I respect and am proud of what they have passed on to me

2. What are genes? How do our genes affect us?

What is CRISPR? How is CRISPR used to edit genes? What are some pros and cons of CRISPR?

-The gene is the basic physical unit of inheritance Genes are passed from parents to offspring and contain the information needed to specify traits Genes are arranged, one after another, on structures called chromosomes A chromosome contains a single, long DNA molecule, only a portion of which corresponds to a single gene Humans have approximately 20,000 genes arranged on their

chromosomes

-Genes are instructions that dictate how a person's body is made, in the same way that blueprints are instructions for building a house Information from genes tells the body what traits a person will have, tall or short, black or brown hair These instructions come from our parents; when their genes were mixed, our

genome was formed This is why we often look like a mixture of our parents Most people have different information in their genes, which makes sense given the degree of variation in how people look and act

-CRISPR is a powerful tool for editing genomes, meaning it allows researchers to easily alter DNA sequences and modify gene function It has many potential applications, including correcting genetic defects, treating and preventing the spread of diseases, and improving the growth and resilience of crops However, despite its promise, the technology also raises ethical concerns

-Cancer Therapeutics: New immunotherapies can be developed using

CRISPR to treat cancer Scientists can genetically modify T-cells using CRISPR to locate and kill cancer cells

-Curing Genetic Diseases: CRISPR technology can eliminate the genes that cause genetic diseases such as diabetes, cystic fibrosis Given that the scientific community has already mapped many genes that cause genetic disease, CRISPR could be used to cure faulty genes that cause genetic diseases

-Drug Research: Scientists are predicting that CRISPR could potentially speed up the drug discovery process, given the technology is relatively cheap, precise, and simple to use Some of the drug makers in the world are already

incorporating CRISPR technology into their drug research and discovery phase

-3. The top goal of any company is to make enough money to stay in business

To reach that goal, a company needs a plan: detailed strategies (company missions, pricing, mergers and acquisitions, marketing, advertising…) for making money What is the purpose of each strategy? Which one interests you the most?What are some factors leading to the success of a company? Take a company you know as an example? What are the 2 most important factors?

-A mission statement is defined as an action-based statement that declares the purpose of an organization and how they serve their customers This sometimes includes a description of the company, what it does, and its objectives

-Pricing is the reflection of everything you do as a business, from your

product development all the way down to a link to your website, because we live in

a world driven by value Nothing else defines a business and a product more

-The main purpose of M&A activity is to increase the value or accelerate the growth of a business Both acquisitions and mergers allow a company to grow at a rate that would not be possible through organic growth

-The purpose of marketing is to generate revenue for a brand, company, or organization Marketing professionals and teams achieve this through the execution

of strategic digital activities that drive traffic, qualified leads, and sales, in direct collaboration with their sales team

-Advertising is at the front of delivering the proper message to customers and prospective customers The purpose of advertising is to inform the consumers about their product and convince customers that a company's services or products are the best, enhance the image of the company,demonstrate new uses for established products, announce new products and programs, reinforce the salespeople's

individual messages, draw customers to the business, and to hold existing

customers

Important:

Marketing helps businesses understand customers better, helps businesses build brands as well as helps convey information about brands and products to customers Not only that, it also helps to increase revenue, build and maintain relationships between businesses and customers and make businesses grow more and more

A mission statement covers the entire company or project, so there are a number of reasons why the mission statement is important A mission statement is essential in all aspects of a company, influencing it in the following important ways: It helps the company to create its own identity as well as attract more

talents, not only that, it also improves the performance as well as the future

direction of the company

EX:“To accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy.”

Tesla focuses on enhancing the use of sustainable energy throughout the globe, so it’s no surprise that their mission statement reflects this Plus, we love their use of “accelerate” right in the mission statement: it’s a great play on words that reflects their industry This mission statement narrows the focus down to

Tesla’s core purpose: to provide clean energy electric vehicles to the public, while still acknowledging the ongoing transition between fossil fuels and sustainable energy This self-awareness that their market is still relatively young sets Tesla apart as having one of the best mission statements

4. Elephants and other animals like chimpanzees, dolphins, bats, and bees also communicate using gestures, vocalizations, or other methods What do you know about how these animals communicate? Discuss and compare with humans’ ways of communication

-Animals generally communicate using four methods: visual, auditory, tactile and chemical Some species rely more on one form of communication over another; however, they all various methods to show affection, ward off threats or attract a mate

Some animals, like bats, make sounds that are beyond human hearing Not only that, Bats emit very high frequency sounds and then listen to the sounds

reflected from prey or other objects, using the information to navigate and hunt in the dark This behavior is called echolocation Higher frequency sounds have short wavelengths and can bounce off smaller objects better than lower frequency sounds with longer wavelengths

Although many scholars could add to this list, this article will examine seven key characteristics unique to human language: duality, inventiveness, mobility, interchangeability each other, cultural transmission, discretion, and biology

The basic difference is called the duality of pattern or structure Every human language has a fixed number of sound units called "phonemes" These phonemes are combined to form a sphere, the smallest unit of sound that holds meaning Therefore, language has two levels of stereotypes that are absent in the

communication of other animals

Yet another distinctive feature is creativity Human beings use their linguistic resources to produce new expressions and sentences They arrange and rearrange phonemes, morphemes, words, and phrases in a way that can express an infinite number of ideas This is also called the open-endedness of language Animal

communication is a closed system It cannot produce new signals to communicate novel events or experiences

6 Do you know any historical sites that are important to understanding human history or culture? Give examples during the discussion

Co Loa relic site is located in Hanoi, Unlike other historical sites, Co Loa is a mobile complex spread over a large site, with a conservation area of nearly 500ha This relic site is considered as specializing the address of the capital and the whole country

Co Loa used to be the capital of the Au Lac state in the An Duong Vuong period (3rd century BC) and of Dai Viet during the Ngo Quyen period (10th century), but

Co Loa citadel is a relic that has survived to this day Co Loa Citadel is assessed

by archaeologists as "the oldest citadel, the largest scale in the world, the structure

is also the most unique in the history of citadel construction of the ancient

Vietnamese"

Co Loa has a series of archaeological sites that have been discovered, reflecting the continuous development of the Vietnamese people from the beginning through the Bronze, Stone and Iron Ages, culminating in Eastern culture Son, is still

considered the Red River civilization in the prehistoric period of the Vietnamese nation

Co Loa citadel is associated with interesting legends of the Vietnamese people, about King An Duong Vuong setting up the capital and building the citadel; About the crossbow god Kim Quy shot down hundreds of enemies; About the tragic and touching love of My Chau - Trong Thuy For generations, this ancient citadel along with legendary historical figures has entered the subconscious of the

Vietnamese people

Co Loa today has not only become a cultural heritage, a proof of the creativity, technical level as well as culture of the ancient Vietnamese in the defense of the country and against foreign invaders, but it is also a An ideal destination for tourists from all over the world who want to discover the cultural values and familiar

images of a peaceful northern village

7 Marcus Garvey, a black political activist, writer, and publisher from Jamaica said, “A person without the knowledge of their past history, origin and cultures is like a tree without roots.” What does this mean? Do you think it is true for humans

in general? Share some knowledge of your country’s history

-A person without knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots I agree with this point of view Because if a tree has no roots, the tree will never be a tree, the tree will not be able to live or grow without roots Humans too, from historical events, each period of building human culture and civilization, people are also developing more and more From the mistakes and successes of the previous generations, those roots help us to recognize and correct our mistakes as well as serve as stepping stones for our society to become more and more modern in the future

-For example, We wouldn't have lights without the grace of Thomas Edison

or modern cars are now also thanks to James Watt for successfully inventing the steam engine

8 Tsunamis, earthquakes, tornadoes, and forest fires are examples of natural

disasters Discuss their processes and causes Do you think humans can do

something to limit their frequency of occurrence?

-Just like volcanoes, earthquakes happen in certain regions around the world

An earthquake is a sudden, violent shaking of the ground that sometimes causes

great destruction

A seismograph measures the size of an earthquake Earthquakes tend to form along

plate boundaries, just like volcanoes, but they can also occur in other locations When the Earth’s surface along a plate boundary moves suddenly, it causes the ground to shake Earthquakes can destroy buildings!

-Tsunamis are huge waves caused by an abrupt movement in the ocean floor,

often caused by an underwater earthquake

These waves can travel thousands of miles and reach enormous heights Since they can travel great distances, people far away can be affected by tsunamis

-Tornadoes form when warm, humid air collides with cold, dry air The denser cold air is pushed over the warm air, usually produces thunderstorms The

warm air rises through the colder air, causing an updraft The updraft will begin to rotate if winds vary sharply in speed or direction

Forest fire

-Natural causes - Many forest fires start from natural causes such as lightning which set trees on fire However, rain extinguishes such fires without causing much damage High atmospheric temperatures and dryness (low humidity) offer

favorable circumstances for a fire to start

-Man made causes - Fire is caused when a source of fire like naked flame, cigarette or bidi, electric spark or any source of ignition comes into contact with inflammable material

We cannot entirely avoid disasters, but we can prepare for and address them Awareness, education, preparedness, and forecasting and warning systems can reduce the disruptive impacts of disasters on communities However, mitigation measures such as the application of zoning, land use practices and building codes are needed to prevent or reduce actual damage due to hazards

Mitigation and prevention efforts aim to reduce the potential damage and suffering that disasters can cause While disaster management cannot prevent disasters, it can prevent them from becoming compounded as a result of neglecting causal factors and manageable risks Mitigation specifically refers to actions taken that can lessen the severity of a disaster’s impact Investing in measures that limit hazards can greatly reduce the burden of disasters

We cannot entirely avoid disasters, but we can prepare for and address them Awareness, education, preparedness, and forecasting and warning systems can reduce the disruptive impacts of disasters on communities However, mitigation measures such as the application of zoning, land use practices and building codes are needed to prevent or reduce actual damage due to hazards

Mitigation and prevention efforts aim to reduce the potential damage and suffering that disasters can cause While disaster management cannot prevent disasters, it can prevent them from becoming compounded as a result of neglecting causal factors and manageable risks Mitigation specifically refers to actions taken that can lessen the severity of a disaster’s impact Investing in measures that limit hazards can greatly reduce the burden of disasters

9 What do you know about global warming, its effects and suggest some measures

to stop global warming?

Global warming is the long-term heating of Earth’s climate system observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) due to human activities,

primarily fossil fuel burning, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels

in Earth’s atmosphere

Effects:

1: Global sea-level change

-It is the result of global warming that causes the ice sheets to melt and water

to flow into the ocean

2:Dramatically changing climate models

-As for precipitation: it will increase in equatorial, polar, and sub-polar regions and decrease in subtropical regions This will cause drought in some

regions while flooding in others

-As for the temperature of seawater: The hotter the Earth is, the higher the temperature of seawater will lead to natural disasters such as hurricanes, hurricanes, etc

-In general, the planet will experience extreme weather conditions,

characterized by floods and droughts, heatwaves and cold spells, and extreme storms such as hurricanes and tornadoes

3:Extinction of animals and plants

Climate change will cause habitat loss for many animals such as polar bears and tropical frogs More importantly, any change in climate patterns will severely affect the migration patterns of different birds Irregular patterns of precipitation will affect animals and humans alike

Some measures to stop global warming:

• -Where possible, we can switch to renewable sources of energy (such as solar and wind energy) to power our homes and buildings, thus emitting far less heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere

fossil fuels; or we can use mass transit instead of driving our own cars

and buildings, and by replacing old, failing appliances with more energy-efficient models

emissions by investing in commercial services that draw down an equal

amount of carbon out of the atmosphere, such as through planting trees or carbon capture and storage techniques

sustainable, climate-smart practices such as those listed above

will allow ourselves to emit into the atmosphere within a given timeframe