Tài liệu Project Management Fundamentals - A guide to the project management body of knowledge docx

Project Life Cycle Project Management Fundamentals The Five Project Phases Monitoring & Controlling Planning Executing Initiating Closing... Scope Management Time Management Cost M

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Project Management

Fundamentals

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Project Management Institute

Project Management Fundamentals

 PMI is an aggregation of best practices from thousands of professional project managers

 Principles in this training are based on PMI methodologies, there are other methodologies

 Organizations typically use these

as a basis for developing custom project management processes

 For PMPs, this course counts towards PDUs

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GW MS in Project Management

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– Project Lifecycle Phases – Project Management Functions

3 Project Participants

– Project Stakeholders – Project Sponsor & Owner – Project Manager

– Project Team

4 Basic Project Tools

– Project Charter – Project Management Plan – WBS / Schedule

– Action / Risk / Change Tracking

– Document Management

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Project Issues

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Project Characteristics

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Definition of a Project

Project - A temporary endeavor undertaken to

Temporary / Not Ongoing

- Definite beginning and end

- Does not mean a short duration

- Does not necessarily apply to product, service, or result created by a project

Unique

- Outcome is a unique deliverable

- Could come in the form of either products, services or results

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Projects vs Operations

The primary differences are…

Purpose of the project is to attain its

objective and ends

Purpose of an ongoing operation is to

sustain the business

Ends with transition to operations Only ends with product, process or

service no longer needed Project team comes together at

beginning and disbands at end Team continues to perform tasks

Both Projects and Operations are…

• Performed by teams of people

• Achieved by means of work

• Constrained by limited resources

• Planned, executed, and controlled

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Key Elements of Project Management

Constraints

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At the start of the project:

• The level of uncertainty is highest

• Stakeholders’ influence is highest

• Risk of failing to achieve the objectives is greatest

Effect of Stakeholders & Changes

Towards the end of the project:

• Cost of changes increases

• Stakeholder influence decreases

• Risk of failing to achieve objectives is reduced

Stakeholder Influence

Cost of Changes

High

Low

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Project Life Cycle

The Five Project Phases

Monitoring & Controlling

Planning

Executing Initiating

Closing

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Project Management Functions

PMI refers to these as Knowledge Areas

These are the actual functions performed within the life cycle phases

Scope Management

Time Management Cost Management Quality Management

HR Management Communications Mgt Risk Management Procurement Mgt Project Integration

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Monitoring & Controlling

Planning

Executing Initiating

Closing

Project Life Cycle

Bridge Team Reunion

 Discuss and list examples of where these processes were used in the bridge project

 What additional activities could have been performed?

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Project Participants

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Project Stakeholders

Customers / Users Operations

Functional Managers

Vendors

Project Team

Project Sponsors

Business Partners

People or groups positively or negatively affected

by the project outcome

Project Stakeholder

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Project Owner Executive Sponsor

• Accountable owner of the project objectives and outcome

• Provides funding and resources for the project, including the PM

• Manages the overall timeline (at a high-level) and key deliverables

• Provides regular decision making and direction for the project

• Approves key deliverables and artifacts

Project Sponsors / Owners

Champions, charters and funds the project, fosters cross-organizational support, manages escalations, makes key decisions and provides overall direction

Project Sponsor

In Finance, this is divided into two roles…

• Champions the project at the executive level

• Provides approval for the initiating group to fund the project

• Fosters support amongst other participating organizations

• Manages very high-level direction and escalations

• Approves phase and project completions

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Project Manager

Accountable manager of the project, including planning, leading, managing, monitoring, escalating and communicating project status, issues and tasks

Integration

Quality

Project Manager

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Project Team

Team members who carry out the work, including the project manager, project management team and team members with specific expertise to carry out the work

Project Team

Project Leads

~Own deliverables from their areas~

Project managers do not have to be the SMEs for a project to be successful

Temporary Reporting Matrix Project Management Team

~Coordinate, administer and monitor the project~

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Basic Project Tools

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Project Charter

 Authorizes the project

 Defines high-level scope, exclusions, objectives, milestones

 Prepared by project owner

 Approved by executive sponsor

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Business Requirements

 Defines the “what” for the solution to be delivered

 Breaks overall scope into specific actionable deliverables

 Allows the team to develop specifications for development of product, process or service

 Provides traceability of project team activities to project scope

 Prepared by project team in collaboration with customer / users

 Approved by project owner

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Project Management Plan

 Establishes the plan for project planning, execution, monitoring and closing

 Includes all subsidiary plans

 Defines the project phases and deliverables

 Establish clear project roles and responsibilities

 Prepared by project manager

 Approved by functional & project managers

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Work Breakdown Structure

 Breaks deliverables into manageable work packages

 Critical to the ability to determine resources needed, effort levels & cost

Stakeholder Communications WBS1

Posters WBS 1.1

Postcards / Mailings WBS 1.2

Email WBS1.3

Initial announcement email WBS 1.3.1

First reminder email WBS1.3.2

Last reminder email WBS 1.3.3

Meetings / Seminars WBS 1.4

Website Development WBS2

Graphics Design WBS2.1

Work Package Level

Control Account Level

Planning Package Level

“Software Implementation Project”

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Project Schedule

 Sequences and defines detailed project tasks

 Monitors status of project against milestones / baselines

 Guides project team in daily work activities

 Identifies task and external dependencies

 Identifies critical path and areas of required escalation

 Manages resource usage

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Action, Risk & Change Tracking

 Log and track all actions and issues being worked on by the project team – ensure accountability

 Identify, log and monitor all risks to the project – a continual process

 Log and manage all formal Change Requests – any request to modify the

To Do List

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Documentation Management

 RASI / RACI Matrix – Responsible, Approve, Support/Consult, Inform

 Clearly communicates documentation anticipated as part of project

 Clearly communicates roles required to complete documentation

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