NS simulator for beginners

Tài liệu tham khảo công nghệ thông tin NS simulator for beginners

{}‚@ƒ'„†…;‡ˆ‡ˆ‰

ša  Ž+?C@ 0;BC%6/?g.+1^.p34?'’=D:,D½‘“O4,/.!6/:\'6D?".-1h.p;0;BC1;:,/%-–;Bg:FO4%-')(:\6/=Q F E F F E F G F E F F E F E F l{aš

ša 2 " I&8;:<=/?C@ 0;BC%6/:\3^=/':\14%-,D?" F E F F E F E F G F F E F E F E F F E F G F E F F E F E F l{aš

 ¸>


I&8;:712= =/?"@A0;B"%!6D.+,<'K.‚-:\,9=F%o!:\,/żBC%!,/*!:V1a04@A–2:,<.p>%-O4O;B"?"'\%6D?".-12= .p>O4,/.!6/.a'.!BC= .p>1;:\6rqs.+,/(¼6rÅaOn:\= .p

1;:\6rqs.+,/(Q:\Bg:@A:1+6/=>%-1437.!p69,/%‹5'G@R.;3;:\B"=\ Y:F'\%B"BP6/8;:=D:-=D?C@ 0;BC%6/:\3h.-–a—e:'K69=2 ¨I&84:F*!.-%!B½.p¨.-04,1;.-6D:\=

?C=Q6rqs.!p.!BC3’‘7.+1 +1;:^82%!143Ÿ6D Bg:%!,91 8;.‚qz6D.›04=/:o12=R=/?C@ 0;BC%6/.-, ´%!143Ÿ.-1 6/8;:o.-6/8;:,R82%!143 ƒ6D.b–n:\'K.+@R:

%!'\Ìa04%?C1+6D:\3€q&?"6/8Ã%!143™6D.Ÿ02143;:\,9=/6/%!123Š6/8;:Y.-On:\,9%6/?g.+14=5.!p =D.+@A:¼.p<6/84: =/?"@A0;BC%6D:3Š.-–;—e:\'K69=704=/?C1;*Ÿ14=

=/?"@A0;B"%!6D?".-14=\ ÃLG04,V1;.-6D:=5O4,/.‚+?C3;:o6/84:\,/:Kp.-,/:ª1;.!6Q.+1;BgÅ =D.+@R:o–2%!=/?"=V%-143€3;:\=9',/?"O46D?".-1 pE14=5=/?"@A0;B"%!6D.+,

:B":\'6/,/.-1;?C'%!BgB"Ž‘ M%!,9'&G,/:?C==690;6D.+,D?C%B E%!143^6/84:F6/0;6/.-,/?"%!BP–-Å"!!%!:<„ƒ8a0414*Q%-143 M%!,9(7„sBC%`ÅaOn.a.!B #‚

|2.+,7%˜@A04')8Š3;:%!On:\,^=D69043;Å p<6/84:Y14=^=D?C@ 04B"%!6D.-,5.-1;: =/8;.+0;BC3Š,D:p:\,56/ 698;:Y14=^@Q%!1a04%!Btq>8;?C')8€?"=

O4,/:\=/:\1+6Eq>84%6Eqƒ:V'K.-12=D?C3;:\,E6/.ª–2:C!6rÅaO4?"'\%B 7:¶;%-@QO;Bg:= Qd p.-1;:V1;:\:\34=F%o@R.-,/:Q:K¶484%-04=D6/?g-:V3;:\=9',/?"O46D?".-1

.p“14= .-1;:<@Q%`Åhmn143o?"6t!:,DÅ^04=/:KpX0;B6D.7'.-14=90;B"6>6/8;:A14=N@Q%-1+02%BED &xt1M%!Bg6/:\,914%6/?g-:<=D?C@QO;Bg: qƒ%`Åh6D.7(a1;.‚q

%!–n.-046 !698;:\,AO2.+=/=/?C–;?gB"?"6D?":\= p.-, ')84.+.+=D?C1;*M1;:\6rqs.+,/(Y:B":\@R:1-69= }1;:\6rqs.+,/( O4,/.!6/.a'.!BC=F.-, 6/8;:\?",RO4%-,/%-@A:\6D:,/= 

%!O2O;Bg?C'%!6D?".-1QO4%-,/%-@A:\6D:,/= :69' !?C=“6/.FBg.a.-(A3;?C,D:'K6DB"ÅA%!6“6/84:>Bg?C–4,9%!,/ÅFm2B":\=}6984%6s3;:Kmn14:>6/8;:@GF! |2.+,}:K¶4%!@QO;B":

6/84:´3;:Km1;?g6/?g.+14=’.!p;@R.+–;?gB":“1;.;3;:=Pqƒ.-0;BC3E–2:¨mn123E?"1E698;:}m2B":´14= @R.+–;?gB":\14.a34:! 6/'KB 6/8;.+=D:“3;:=/'\,D?C–;?C1;*&Ìa0;:\0;:\?"14*

3;?C=/'?"O4Bg?C1;:\=G%!123MO4%!,9%!@R:\6D:\,9=&?C1M698;:<m2B":A12= rÌa0;:\0;:- 69'KB ½:6/'! tkG:KpX%-0;Bg69=EO4%!,9%!@R:6/:\,9=>'%-1M–n:<p.-02143¼%!6t6/84:

m2B":>14= 3;:pX%!0;B"6 6/'B N.!6D:-‘6/.<(a1;.‚q q>8;?C')8Q3;:KpX%-0;B"6“.-–a—e:'K6}?C=“,/:BC%6D:3R6D.Fq>8;?C')8Q'K.-@Q@Q%!123 !.+1;:&@R%`ÅR1;::3

6D.V')8;:')(V6/84:Em2Bg:<12= Bg?C–’ 6/'B%!=qƒ:F=/84%!BgBP=/::E?C1o%!1h:K¶4%!@QO;B":F?"1ªŽ+:'K6D?".-1 4 4

z \@JaJXN2{ccijiuitvIQWXI vU^]:m=ceZ:WXZ=R0q|ceZOWgcJ?mOJX_V?I}R0SdceIQZ:]:UgfBv\@J?q*S

~ \@JaJXN2{cceZ:IQSQUviNOI vU,]Om8c0€3:c

‚ WXU^UK\@JaJ?N({cciuijitvIQW?I vU,]Om8ceZ:WXZ:R0q|ceZ:WgceZ:Wa`M]:_@P^m:q*U^Z@JXReJXIQ_Z2v\@J?q*S

ƒ Z:W?`„R0SQSQIQZO_Z:Ug`abvQw^x=yRceZ:Wa`abvQw^x=yRcJ?P,SdceSQIQx

 ! #"%$'&( )$+*
,'-.$'/0/
1324"%567* )

EŽ›=D?C@ 0;BC%6/.-,F?C=R–4%!=/:\3b.+1b6rqs.MBC%!14*-04%!*!:\=\‘A%-1b.-–a—e:'K6A.-,/?g:1-6/:\3›=/?"@A0;BC%6D.+, q>,/?g6/6D:\1˜?"1 „988 }%!123›%

%!1^.-–;—e:\'K6.+,D?":\1+6D:37:¶;6D:\12=D?".-1h.p}I&'KB?}?"1+6D:,/O2,D:\6D:\, 404=/:\3^6D.Q:¶a:'0;6/:<04=/:\,='K.+@Q@R%-143o=/'\,D?CO;69=

EŽ 82%!=<%ª,/?"')8 B"?"–2,/%-,DÅM.!p14:6rqƒ.-,9(¼%!123 O2,D.-6D.;'K.-B}.-–a—e:'K6/=\ oI&8;:\,/:5%!,/:Q6rqs.M'B"%-=/=<84?g:,/%-,/')8;?":\=\‘F6/84:

xt=9=D?"*-1;?C1;*^%5‚%BC0;:R6D.h%h‚%!,/?"%-–;B":<?"=E3;.+1;:R6/84,/.-0;*+8ª6/84:  1°2&'V'K.+@Q@R%-143<A½p.+,N:¶4%!@QO;B":!‘| 1°2&IH

J R%!=9=/?g*+14=ƒ6D.5–^6/8;:F‚%!B"0;:E.!p¨‰2 ¨I&84?"=&?C=:\Ìa0;?"‚%B":\1+6&6D KHML J A?"1ª„€p.+,:K¶4%!@QO;B":!

de1›I&'KBƒ6/8;:h`%-,D?C%!–4Bg:=<%!,/:71;.-6<6rÅ;O2:3 “=D.Y%ª‚%!,/?"%-–;Bg:h'%!1›–n:h%¼=D69,D?C1;*M.+, %!1b?C1+6D:\*!:\,A3;:\On:\123;?"14*

.-1o6/84: ‚%BC0;: Å-.-0ª%-=/=/?g*+1o6D.5?"6 N|2.+,t:¶;%-@QO;Bg: %-=/=904@R:<6984%6Nqs:<q%!1+6N6D.7O4,/?C1-6N6/8;:R,D:=/04Bg6N.p“6/84:

I&8;:t'K.+@Q@R%-143Q±-5'& 1N?C=´04=/:\3Qp.+,´O4,/?C1-6/?"14* %!1V.+0;6/O20;6 t.-6D:-‘:%!')8Q6/?"@R:t698;:s±-5-& 18E'K.+@R@Q%-143Q?"=

04=D:3 4%Q1;:qÃBg?C1;:F?C=&=D69%!,/6D:3’ }I.V%`!.-?"3h1;:qÃBg?C1;: 4.-1;:F84%-=ƒ6D.5%!32387B74°!«n²6/O74° %‚p6/:\,6/84: ‚±-5'&918

'K.-@Q@Q%!123’ €dpGqƒ:oqƒ%-1-6Q6/.˜O4,D?C1+6Q?"1+6D.˜%Ym2B":

=9%`Ř698;:ª.-1;:oqƒ:ª3;:Kmn14:\3€%!–n.‚!:BEqƒ:o6rÅ;O2:o±-5'& 1

R /!²+° &4°XP-&  >I%!–20;B"%!6D?C1;*5?C=N34.-1;:R–-Åo?C14=/:\,/6D?C1;*"!B&½ t|2.+,t:¶4%!@QO;B":?ps%5`%-,D?C%!–4Bg: =9%`Å7¶ ’84%-=

6/8;:E‚%BC0;: %-1435qƒ:E6rÅaOn:N±(5'& 1IR /!²-° 3P$#RP N6/8;:17698;?"=q&?"B"B½O2,D?C1+6%AB"?"1;:E?C1+6D.R6/8;:Gm2B":Eq>8;.-=/:

I&8;: /(5'K.+@R@Q%-143h'\%!1o–n:<1;:\=/6D:3hq&?"6/8o.-6/8;:,* /(-!=%!123hq&?"6/8 +°a² 1!°(!=ƒ6/82%6>'%-1h%-O4On:\%!,?C1o6/84:

 °XP;°%:5'&4° 461.2^O4%!,/6 t.!6/:76984%6Aq>8;:\1›6/:\=/6D?C1;*¼:Ìa04%B"?g6rÅ }qs:h=/8;.+0;BC3˜04=/: L L-

6/'KB“%!BgB".‚q>=G6D.ª',/:\%!6D:QO4,/.a':\3402,D:= QI&8;:ÅY'%!1 ,/:6/02,/1 =D.+@R:A‚%BC0;:Q?C1Yq>84?"')8 '%-=D:Q6/84:ż'.-1+6/%!?"1Y%

!¯;°2&254¯27 <'K.+@Q@R%-143’ }I&8;:F*-:\1;:,/%!Bnp.+,/@ p}%RO2,D.;'K:3404,/:Eq>8;?"')8hqƒ:E12%!@R: !–;BC0;:OA?C=

I&8;: O4,/.;'K:\3204,D:F,/:\':?"!:\=t=D.+@A:<O2%!,9%!@R:6/:\,9=6/84%!6N'%-1o–2:<.+–a—e:\'6/= 4m2B":\=t.-,&‚%-,D?C%!–;B":\=\ ƒde1o.-04,>'\%!=/:

6/8;:=D:F%!,/:E14%!@R:\3oO4%-, ;O4%!, a:69' “I&8;:=D:FO4%-,/%-@R:6D:,/=ƒq&?"BgBP–n:<04=/:\3^q&?"6/8;?C1^6/8;:FO4,/.;'K:\3204,D:=q&?g698

de1bI%-–;B":ª! "Rqƒ:5=98;.‚q041 :¶;%-@QO;Bg:V6984%6<O2,D:=D:1-6<@Q%-1-ÅY%!,/?g6984@R:6D?C'Q.-On:\,9%6/?g.+14=E?C1b6/'KB 7I&8;:5On.‚q

de17I%!–4Bg:R! <698;:\,/:G?"=&%-15:K¶4%-@RO4Bg:G.p¨% 69'KBPO4,/.!*+,/%-@up.+,ƒ'.-@QO40;6/?"14*R%!BgB’698;:GO2,D?C@R:E1a04@A–2:,/=04O46D.Q%

*!?"!:15B"?"@R?"6¨—K }|2.+,s:¶4%!@QO;B":;6D.Q.+–;6/%!?"1h%B"B’6/8;:FO4,/?"@R:F1a04@ –n:\,9=04O^6D.^!G6rÅ;O2:F=/?"@QO;B"Å =7>1Ÿ±;¯ /;½°o.X& %-²

0O4 ¨I&8;:tO4,/?"@R:t1a04@A–2:,/=´:K¶4%!@QO;B":t=98;.‚q>=“8;.‚q 6D.R04=/:t%!1 /( '.-@Q@Q%!143 -B".a.-O4= -%-143V%<O4,/.;'K:\3204,D:- I&84:

‚%!,/?"%-–;B":A©+¯-® %Q'K.-1+69%?C14=&6/84:A1a04@ –n:\,t.p´O4%-,/%-@R:6D:,/=tO4%!=9=D:3o6D.5698;:AO2,D.-*-,9%!@^ &I&8;:<‚%!,/?"%-–;B":A©+¯-®h?"=N%

!:'K6/.-,6/82%6t84%`-:F6/8;:AO4%!,9%!@R:6/:\,9=&O4%!=9=/:\3^6D.V698;: O4,/.!*+,/%-@

=/ n©+¯+® % ?C=>6/84:<Bg:1;*-8+6&.!pG©+¯-®  4%-143o6/84:

'K.+@Q@R%-143Y²6/O7 4a°XP^%B"Bg.‚q>=N04=t6/.h69%!(!:<6/8;:Q'%-=D:A.p“698;:A-:\'6D.-,NO2.-?"1+6/:\3¼–+Åo6/84:R=/:\'.-143ªO4%-,/%-@R:6D:, FŽ+ 

I%!–;B":Q! ;‘}I&'KBO2,D.-*-,9%!@ p.-,&'.-@QO40;6/?"14*QO2,D?C@R:<1+02@ –n:\,9=

:7:K¶4O;BC%?C1 –2,D?":KÄ2Åb6984,D.+0;*-=A%!1 :K¶4%!@QO;B":7698;:ªLG–;—e:\'K6RO4,/.!*-,9%!@Q@R?C1;*¼O4%-,/%-3;?g*+@ ?C1 LGI&'B dptÅ-.-0

LGI&'KB }I&8;:F@R:6/84.a32=&.p6/8;:F'KBC%!=9=/:\=%!,/:G34:\'KBC%!,/:\3^04=/?"14*A698;:Fqs.+,/3 /O7 1=&+±4¯6%FO4,/:\':\3;:37.!p6/84:E12%!@R:E.p

6/84:5'KBC%!=9=F%!143¼p.!B"Bg.‚qƒ:\3¼.p6/8;:512%!@R:Q.p6/8;:5@R:698;.;3b%!143Y?g69=<O4%-,/%-@A:\6D:,/=\ RI&84:Q@R:\6/8;.;3 /O7>/:&ª?C=F6/84:

'K.+14=/6/,904'K6/.-,&.!p¨698;:A'B"%-=/=\ &I&8;: ‚%-,D?C%!–;B":G1!°;²7?"=N%5On.!?C1-6/:\,t6D.7698;:<.+–a—e:\'6>?g69=D:\Bp½B"?"(!: &($</21R?"1¼„988Ê.+,

!-%``%2 AI.ª3;:\'B"%-,D:R6/8;:Q?C14=/6/%!12'K:Q‚%!,/?"%-–;Bg:5LGI&'KB}04=/:\=E698;:Qqs.+,/3 /O7 1=&4©+¯n AI&8;:Qqs.+,/39'1:5a±2°+¯%-²+©61-1 ?"=

04=/:\35p.-,3;:\'B"%-,D?C1;*<6984%6&%A'KBC%!=9=´?C148;:,D?"6/=spX,/.-@ž%!14.!6/84:\,s.-1;: +?C1h6/8;:G:K¶4%!@QO;B":G6/8;:Gde1+6D:*-:\,ƒ'KBC%!=9=´?C148;:,D?"6/=

pX,/.-@ž698;:F†>:\%!BP'KBC%!=9= :<,D:'K.+@R@R:1437Å-.-0h6D.VB":\%-,/1h@A.+,D:F%-–2.+0;6NLGI&'KBP,/:\%-3;?"14*2‘

6+¯,* 1°2&­¯;°61:5n²8& (+,* (+* 1!°B&YP Ve°XP+±;¯YRP 

1!°2&­¯;° 1:5n²B& Ve°P+±4¯

²+© 1-1

1!°2& /O7'&4°-®;°+¯ VX74°!« O7'&4°-®;°+¯ [

1!°2& /O7'&4°-®;°+¯  VX74°!« O7'&4°-®;°+¯

q>8;?C')8 ?"=E698+02=F6/8;:Qm,/=/6FBg?C1;:V?C1 6/8;:V69'KB´=9',/?"O46 5I&8;?C=FB"?"1;:534:\'KBC%!,/:\=F%o1;:\q‚%-,D?C%!–;B": 7>1h04=/?"1;*o698;: 1!°B&

'K.+@Q@R%-143 nÅ!.-0o'\%!1ª'%!BgB6/8;?C=>‚%-,D?C%!–;B":<%!=tÅ!.+0hq&?C')8 –40;6t?C1ª*-:\1;:,/%!BPO2:\.-O;B": 3;:'KBC%!,/:\=&?"6N%-=%7>1R–n:\'%-04=/:

?"6G?C=E%!1¼?"14=/6/%-14'K:R.ps6/8;: 9/;65n²+©2&6+¯h'KBC%!=9= ’=/.^%-1M.-–;—e:\'K6\ F6/8;:V'.a34: VX72°!« 9/;65n²+©2&6+¯ [V?C=G?"1434::\3Y6/84:

I&8;:G%!–n.‚!:>',/:\%!6D:=´%<34%!6/%F69,/%-'K:&mnBg:G'%B"B":\3 .+0;6 6/,e<%-143V%<14%-@a?C=/02%B"?"=9%6/?g.+1A69,/%-'K:&mnBg:

p.-,´6/8;: Nx 

6D.a.-Ba“'%!BgB":\3 .+0;6 14%!@G2 Š?"6/8;?C1^6/8;:E69'KB’=/'\,D?CO;6 ;6/8;:=D:Gm2B":\=%!,/:N14.!6&'%!BgB":\37:K¶4O;B"?"'?g6/:B"Å7–+ÅV6/8;:\?",14%-@A:= 

–40;6s?"12=D6/:\%!3V–+ÅVOn.!?C1-6/:\,9=}6/82%6s%-,D:N3;:\'B"%-,D:3R%-–2.‚-:>%!1437'%B"B":\3 69,/%-'K:m2Bg:-E%!123 !14%-@ mnBg:O<,D:=/On:\'6D?"!:\BgÅ-

I&8;:Emn,9=/6%-1437p.-04,/6/8hBg?C1;:=&?"1^698;:E:K¶4%!@QO;B":<%!,/:N.+1;B"Å7'K.+@R@R:1-69= ;698;:Å^%!,/:G14.!6>=/?"@A0;B"%!6D?".-1^'K.+@R@Q%-1434=\

†>:@R%-,/(76/84%!6>6/84:Åo–2:\*!?C14=&q&?"6/8M% z=DÅ;@A–2.-B I&8;: =/:\'.-143^B"?"1;: -On:\1^6/8;: m2B":[.+0;6 6/,eR6D.7–n: 04=/:\3^p.+,

q>,/?g6/6D?C1;* 3;:\'B"%-,D:3hq&?"6/8M6/8;:<B":6/6D:,|q 2 ƒI&84:<6/8;?C,93oBg?C1;: 04=/:\=N%V=D?C@ 04B"%!6D.-,t@A:\6/8;.;3ª'\%B"Bg:3 &a¯;©%!°6-©;²a²

6/82%6}84%`!:ƒ%!=¨O4%-,/%-@A:\6D:,698;:&14%!@R:ƒ.pn698;:ƒm2B":ƒq>84:\,/:s698;:6/,9%!'K:=q&?"B"B;*!.2 Š?g698 698;?C=}=D?C@ 0;BC%6/.-,'K.+@R@Q%-143

qƒ:Gq&?"B"BP6/,9%!':E%!BgB’698;:F:-:\1+6/=?C1o%Q=/On:\'?mnÌa0;:Ep.+,/@Q%!6ƒ6984%6&qƒ:Eq&?gB"BP:¶;O4B"%!?"1^%‚p6/:\,?C1h698;?C=>')84%!O46D:\,\

I&8;:<BC%!=/6tB"?C1;:<6D:\BgBC=N6/8;:R=D?C@ 0;BC%6/.-,t6D.7,/:\'.-,93^%!BgB¨=/?"@A0;B"%!6D?".-1o69,/%-'K:\=>?"1 Gx ³?C14O4046tp.+,/@Q%6\ &dr6N%!B"=/.

*!?"!:=R6/8;:om2B":ª14%!@R:ª6984%6Q6/84:ª6/,9%!'K:oq&?"BgB>–n:ªq>,/?g6/6D:\1Ÿ6D.›BC%6/:\,Q–+Ř6/84:M'K.-@Q@Q%!123IR87>1 4²85>1O$ B&;¯;©%!°

I&8;:Nqs.+,/3R±4¯6%G3;:'KBC%!,/:\=´%AO4,/.a':\3402,D:>?C1V698;?"='\%!=/:t'%!BgB":\3  /O7</21:$Q%!143Vq&?"6/84.-0;6ƒ%!,/*-04@R:\1+69= ¨I&8;:tqƒ.-,93

®2²KH2©;²R?C=t04=/:\3M6D.56/:B"B6984%6>qƒ: %-,D: 02=D?C1;*5‚%!,/?C%!–;B":\=>34:\'KBC%!,/:\3o.+0;6/=/?C3;:<6/84:AO4,/.;'K:\3204,D:- &I&8;: =/?"@A0;B"%!6D.+,

1;.;3;:- ÃI&8;:M3;:mn1;?"6D?".-1€.!pG698;:MB"?"14( 6/8;:1€?"12'KBC043;:\=56/8;:Mq%`Ř6/.˜84%!1434Bg:ª.‚-:\,DÄ2.‚qz%6V6984%65Ìa0;:0;:! Ãde1

.-02,R'\%!=/:“?gpN698;:ª–40 ½:\,V'\%!O4%-'K?"6rÅ !pN698;:o.-0;69O40;6VÌa0;:\0;:o?C=R:K¶4'K:\:\3;:3˜6/84:\1 6/8;:oBC%!=/6RO2%!')(:\6 6/.b%-,/,/?"!:

H N=R0PUgJXW\=R,nUtW?_q*U3R0WXW?_P^I}ReJ?U^]lJ R0pWuij\:IQP\lR0VXU3m:N8]=ReJ?U^]IQZ|J?\:UKZ:UgJMi<_VlR0ZO]sJ?\=ReJjIQZ:]:IQP,ReJXUt\:_,i SQ_Z:p J?\:UgLsPR0ZsW?J?IQSQS

W?JXR,L|IQZ|JX\:UKZOU^JMi>_V|xBU d_VXUKV?UR0PX\:IQZ:p J?\:Ut]:U^W?J?IQZ=ReJ?IQ_Z(v \:U^ZlJ?\:IQW<JXIQq*U U^fN:IQV?U,WuJ?\:U^ZsJ?\:UtN=R0PUgJ3IQW<]:V?_N:N8U^](v

500kbps

I&8;?C=´'.-@Q@Q%!1434=´%BC=D.E*!?"!:=“%FOn.!?C1-6/:\,s'%B"B":\3G8& %`± G84:\,/:&6D.F6/84:tIt„s~ %*-:\1+6 !q>8;?"')8Q?C=´%-1R.-–a—e:'K6“?C1 EŽ

I&8;:<'.-@Q@Q%!143 R87>1 ©2&-&;©%:$ +©!®4°B7'& R87 J RB& %`±h3;:Km1;:\=t6/8;: =/.-02,/':<1;.;3;:F.p}6/84: It„s~­'K.+141;:'K6D?".-1P

1!°2&1'/7;¬ VX72°!«a®4°87'&6+ 

 9/O7;¬ [

3;:mn1;:\=698;:ƒ–n:\82%`+?".-,.pn6/8;:3;:\=/6D?C14%!6D?".-1 14.a34:´.pIt„s~ %-143<%!=9=/?g*+14=6/.N?"6¨%tOn.!?C1-6/:\,¨'%!BgB":\3 =D?C14( :1;.!6/:

6/82%6?C1FIt„s~M698;:s3;:=D6/?"12%6D?".-1F14.a34:´84%!=%!1F%-'K6D?"!:“,/.!B":“?C1E6/8;:ƒO4,/.!6D.;'.!B.!p4*!:\14:\,9%6D?C1;*&%!')(a1;.‚q&B":\34*!:\@R:1-69=

I%-–;B": ; w4‘}I&8;:F3;:Km1;?g6/?g.+1^.p}%V„s#† %!O2O;Bg?C'%!6D?".-1h04=D?C1;*5%RˆtkG~™%*-:\1+6

I&8;:o'K.+@R@Q%-143IR87>1 ©2&-&4©%:$ +©-®;°B7'&QR=7 R 1'/O7;¬b34:Kmn1;:=Q6/8;:ª3;:=D6/?"12%6D?".-1Ÿ1;.;3;:! €I&8;:o'K.+@R@Q%-143

R87>1%87-72°%=& R8& %`±SR 1'/O7a¬Rmn12%B"BgÅ7@Q%-(:\=ƒ698;:FIt„s~€'.-1414:\'K6/?g.+17–n:6rqƒ::17698;:<=D.+04,9'K:N%-143^3;:\=/6D?C14%6/?g.+1

1;.;3;:=

It„s~›84%!=´@R%-1+ÅAO4%-,/%-@A:\6D:,/=q&?"6/8Q?C1;?g6/?"%!B4m4¶;:3R34:KpX%!04Bg69=“‚%BC0;:\=“6/84%!6“'%!1Q–n:t')84%-1;*!:3 ?gpP@A:1+6D?".-141;:3

:K¶4O;B"?C'K?"6DB"Å! ¨|2.+,}:K¶4%!@QO;B":-6/8;:N3;:KpX%-0;Bg6sIt„s~˜O4%!')(!:6“=/?gf\:>84%!=“%F=/?"f:>.!p‰!‰!‰E–+Åa6D:= ¨I&8;?C=´'%-1Q–2:t')82%!1;*-:\3

6D.V%-1;.!698;:\,‚%BC0;: 2=/%`Å7j-j A–+Å+6/:\= 204=/?"14*R698;:<'K.+@Q@R%-143%R8& %`± 1!°2&Š±2©%`¬4°2& 9/;°

33n

6/,9%!12=/@R?C=/=/?g.+1 ,9%6/:3204,D?C1;*G6/8;: !.-1 GOn:\,/?g.;34=\ de1A6/84:&~“%!,/:6D.FLG1 !L 7=/.-02,/':sqƒ:&%BC=D.E3;:Km1;:&6/8;:*-=/84%-O2:O

O4%-,D:@A:\6D:,l1O$2©!±2°
4 xt1^:K¶4%-@RO4Bg:E.p}%R~“%!,/:6/.VLG1 -L ª?"=&*-?g-:\1^–+Å‘

1!°2&1854¯ %!° VX74°!«+±a±n²6/%!©2&>/ 879+ ;¯;©09/%B+  ©!¯;°B&X[

EŽb?"=A%ª3;?"=9',/:6/:5:-:\1+6 –4%-=D:3b=D?C@ 0;BC%6/?g.+1’ ªI&8;:7I&'Bs=9',/?"O;6A3;:Kmn14:\=<q>84:\1›:\!:\1+6<=98;.-04B"3b.;''\04,\ oI&84:

?C1;?g6/?"%!Bg?"f?C1;*o'K.+@R@Q%-143 1!°2& 7>10VX72°!« 9/;65n²+©2&6+¯ [7'\,D:%6/:\=G%!1M:\!:1-6E=9')8;:\3404Bg:, ’%!123¼:\!:\1+69=N%-,D:R6/8;:1

R87>1 425+±n²+°XP+²6/O7;¬!±QR=7 J R87 +¯ /°B7-&™¯ /`®($'&246!«-7

R87>1 425+±n²+°XP+²6/O7;¬!±QR=7 CR87 +¯ /°B7-&™¯ /`®($'&85a±

R87>1 1'/;2±n²+°XPa²6/O7;¬!± R87 YR87 +¯ /‚°B7'&­¯ /`®($-&

R87>1 1'/;2±n²+°XPa²6/O7;¬!± R87 YR87 +¯ /‚°B7'&˲+°(&

R87>1 425+±n²+°XP+²6/O7;¬!±QR=7 /°B7-&™¯ /`®($'&85a±

R87>1 425+±n²+°XP+²6/O7;¬!±QR=7 YR87

+¯ /°B7-&™¯ /`®($'&246!«-7

°2&91€© 1Š©+¯-®(5B;½°B7-& 1 &($4° 72©O;½°

 &2$2° & %`± 1B54¯ %° 7(4;°  %!©a²a²+°(4 & %`± 0854¯ %!° ›©B7 4,B5'&-±-5'& /!²-°o.

;   16/
"'?5316/7*
13 )$ "'/
13$'D$'?2

™8;:1bqs:5,9041 6/8;:7:K¶4%!@QO;B": ; "6/8;:Va?C=/02%B"?"=9%6/?g.+1Y6/.a.!B´14%-@ q&?"BgBƒ3;?C=/O;BC%`ÅY%ªvª14.a34:\=<1;:\6rqs.+,/( 7I&84:

B".a'\%6/?g.+1A.!p’6/8;:G1;.;3;:\=s'K.-04B"3V84%`-:>–2:\:\1V')8;.+=D:1Q%6´,9%!1434.-@^ de1Q.+,/34:\,}6/ ,D:O4,/.a3204'K:&698;:>?C1;?g6/?"%!BnB".;'%!6D?".-1

.p¨6/84:<1;.;3;:\=&%-=?"1^|¨?g*n ; ;qƒ:E%-343;:3h6/.Q6/8;:F69'KB=9',/?"O46&6/8;:Ep.-BgB".‚q&?"14*AB"?"14:\=\‘

/ 4° 7(4;°Ÿ± 1'/:&>/ 87  6+¯ 

R87>1 425+±n²+°XP+²6/O7;¬!±QR=7 J R87 +¯ /°B7-&™¯ /`®($'&246!«-7

R87>1 425+±n²+°XP+²6/O7;¬!±QR=7 CR87 +¯ /°B7-&™¯ /`®($'&85a±

R87>1 1'/;2±n²+°XPa²6/O7;¬!± R87 YR87 +¯ /‚°B7'&­¯ /`®($-&

R87>1 1'/;2±n²+°XPa²6/O7;¬!± R87 YR87 +¯ /‚°B7'&˲+°(&

R87>1 425+±n²+°XP+²6/O7;¬!±QR=7 /°B7-&™¯ /`®($'&85a±

p.-,&:¶4%!@QO;B":„s#† 4.+,>It„s~} 4I&8;:<6rÅ;On:<'K.+,/,/:\=9O2.+1434=ƒ6D.V698;: 14%-@R:F6/84%!6

qs:ƒ*-%`-:s6/.G698;.-=/:&%!O4O4Bg?C'%!6D?".-14=\ |n.-,:K¶4%!@QO;B":!6/8;:>It„s~›%!O2O;Bg?C'%!6D?".-1 ?"1RI%-–;B": 4 N?C=}'%!BgB":\3 69'O 2

=9',/?"O;6@/ ƒI&8;: =/::\3^‚%BC0;:F.!p}‰V,/:\=90;B"6/=&?C1^6/8;: *!:\14:\,9%6D?".-1h.p}%V1;:\q‡,9%!123;.-@ž‚%-,D?C%!–;B":F:\%-')876/?"@R:<qƒ:<,9041

6/84:>=D?C@ 0;BC%6/?g.+1 -=/.E?p½qƒ:&q&?"=98 6/.<84%`!:698;:>=/%-@R:ƒ*-:\1;:,/%!6D:3A,9%!1434.-@ ‚%!,/?C%!–;B":\=p.+,}3;?'½:\,/:\1+6“=/?"@A0;BC%6D?".-12=

qƒ:Vqs.+0;B"3b84%`-:Q6D.M=9%`!:Q6/8;:7*!:\14:\,9%6D:3Y,9%!123;.-@ `%-,D?C%!–4Bg:= 5de1b'.-1+6/,9%!=/6 ?p&qƒ:504=D:V.-6/8;:,<=/::\32=F6/8;:1

:\%-')8o6D?C@R: qƒ: ,/021o6/8;:R=D?C@ 0;BC%6/?g.+1 2698;:A=9%!@R: =/:\Ìa0;:14'K: p´,9%!143;.+@ ‚%!,/?C%!–;B":\=&6984%6G%!,/:F*!:1;:\,9%6/:\3o?C1ª%

.ps‚%!B"0;:=E‰“Q%!143 -&%!123¼*-:\1;:,/%!6D.-, ½qs:Q',/:\%!6D:Q%o=D:Ì+04:\14':A.!ps6/82,D:\:R,9%!1434.-@¸‚%!,/?"%-–;B":\=\

I&8;: % B5-7'&'t‚%!,/?C%!–;B":?"=s%!=9=D?"*-1;:3 698;:t1a04@A–2:,}.p½†G=“6/82%6}qƒ:>',/:\%6/:>04=/?"1;*F698;:|B&;°61=&'>p.+,}:\%-')8A=/::3

© a®YL VR-¯ 1!°2&é +® X[ 1:$2©!±4°IL V R-¯ 1°2&1:$2©!±2°X[

R-¯ &4° 1=& R%B5-7-&

© a®YL VR-¯ 1!°2&é +® X[ 1:$2©!±4°IL V R-¯ 1°2&1:$2©!±2°X[

R-¯ &4° 1=& R%B5-7-&

I%!–4Bg: 4

EŽM=D?C@ 04B"%!6D.-,N'%-1ªO4,D.‚a?C3;: %7Bg.-6t.pƒ3;:69%?"Bg:3M34%69%V.-1M:!:1+6/=N6/84%!6t.;''\04,N%!6t698;:A1;:\6rqs.+,/( Nd p“qs:Aq&?"=98

6D.^%!14%!BgÅaf\: 6/84:R34%!6/%7qs:R@R%`Ū1;:\:\3ª6/.7:¶a69,/%-'K6G,D:\Bg:\`%-1+6t?C1ap.-,9@Q%6D?".-1ªpX,D.+@ 69,/%-'K:=t%!123M6D.^@Q%!1;?CO40;BC%6/:

:E=984%!BgB½*!:\6&%!=%A,/:\=90;B"6ƒ=/.-@R:\6/8;?C1;*QBg?C(:-‘i© 4°+¯a©-®4° ) 
o 
 p.-,ƒ6/84:E%`-:\,9%*-:>.p'.!BC04@Q17

q>8;?C')8 q&?"B"B+*-?g-:s?C1R,D:=/On.-14=/:=D.+@A:\6/8;?C1;*GBg?C(: 1=&;©B7 4;°  ) o  J t.-6D:6/82%6¨?"1A6/84:%-–2.‚-:s=9',/?"O46 ‚qƒ:

84%`-:ƒ6/.<'K.+O-Å 6/8;:>%`-:\,9%*!:s‚%BC0;:&.-–;69%?C1;:\3 pX,/.-@u698;:>O4,/:a?".-04=}=9',/?"O46}?"1+6D.E698;:t'K.+@Q@R%-143A6/84%!6“'K.-@QO4046D:\=

q>8;:,D:%69,- 69,&?C=6/8;:.+,D?"*!?C14%B+6/,9%!':s%-143[!6/, ; 6/,e&?"=¨698;:1;:q›mnBg:- dpqs:ƒq&?"=98<6/.N.+–;6/%!?"1A%>mnBg:'K.+1-69%?C1;?C1;*

%B"B’B"?"1;:=&.p6/,\! 6/,6984%6>–n:*-?"1^q&?"6/8^6/8;:FB":6/6D:,>, ;qƒ:F=/84.-0;BC376rÅ;On:

®;¯;°± `¯ &;¯.X&;¯ &a¯o &;¯

$!« ;½©B7 H-&;°61˜«2°+¯;° &;¯;©87>1@;/:&(&4°(4 4B54¯ /O7;® & /;½° /O7'&4°-¯ 4©;² 1±2°%'/(9/°(4

H™®;¯a©B7-5n²+©-¯ /:& ±2©+¯;©:;°2&4°+¯ /7 1!°%B7 491

3;:\=9',/?"–4?"1;*^6/84:QO4Bg.-6D6D:3 -–a—e:'K6/=\ de1bO4%-,D6/?"'\0;BC%!, ’?g6E*!?"!:=Np.-,E:\%-')8¼O;B".!6/6D:3¼.+–a—e:\'6G698;:VB"?"1;:Q6rÅ;On:

.-,tOn.!?C1+6N6rÅ;On:A6984%6G?C=G02=D:3’ Ede14=D6/:\%-3M.pƒ%!1ª:¶;%-'K6GO2.-?"=/6D?".-1 ’.+1;:A'.-0;BC3¼02=D:A6/8;:V(:\Åaqs.+,/34=B":Kp6

1°2&™¬4°  H2°;²«

q>8;?C')8b=D:\6/=<698;:5(:\ÅY–n:B".‚q698;:5*+,/%-O48> .-,F=/?C@RO4BgÅ !=/:6<1;.+(:\Å-^q>8;?C')8b3;?C=/%-–;Bg:=F6/84:7(:\ÅY'K.+@ 

O;Bg:\6D:\BgÅ- t.!6/:h6984%6R6/84:o34:KpX%!04Bg6Q14%!@R:^.pt:%!')8›.+–a—e:\'6A6984%6Q%!O2O2:%!,9= ?C1˜698;:ª(:Åb?C=Q=D?C@QO;Bgś?"6/=

'K.-,9,/:\=9O2.+143;?C1;*7mnBg:712%!@R:! ^dp&qs:Vq&?C=/8b6/.ª*!?"!:5%-1Y.+–a—e:\'6 %o6D?"6DB":5.-6/8;:,F6/84%-1b6/8;:5m2Bg:h14%!@R:Vqƒ:

84%`!:G6D.Q:K¶4O;B"?C'K?"6&6/8;?C=&?C1h698;: !O4Bg.-6Q'K.+@R@Q%-143 ap.-,:¶4%!@QO;B":!‘

±2²2& 27 "& °P+±2°%=&;©2&>/ B7 o«u²6/O72°61,

 B7   & 4©+¯ /©87%!° o«u²6/72°61 

G :\,/:;698;:<14%-@A:=*:¶;On:\'6/%!6D?".-1 R%!143 !`%-,D?C%!12'K: q&?gB"B%-O4O2:%!,?C1^6/8;:<(!:Å!

d pP6/84:N=9%!@R:t=/:\Ìa0;:\12'K:>.!p’'.-@Q@Q%!1432=´%!,/:&6D.R–2:G04=/:\3V=/:!:,/%!B46D?C@R:\= -.+1;:t'\%!1Qq>,/?g6/:t6/84:\@ ?"1+6/ %Em2B":a=/%`Å

²a©24 e® %O;

*-1a04O4Bg.-6'\%!1^–2:<02=D:3h6/.Q:K¶;6/,9%!'6=/.-@R:F'K.-B"02@R1hpX,/.-@ %Q@A0;Bg6/?"'.!BC04@Q1hm2Bg:- “I&8;?C=&?"=&34.-1;:<%-=ƒp.!B"Bg.‚q>=

±n²B&  252°B52°Y.&;¯ G5>1'/O7;® ) <R 6+

& K±2©%‚¬;°2& 1 M« ²6/O74°61

q>8;?C')8V@R:\%!12=´O;B".!6/6D?C1;*<mn,9=/6´%<'02,D-:>04=D?C1;* '.!BC04@Q1o>.pP698;:&m2B":s-Ìa0;:\0;:- 69,@-%!=“698;:>¶V%‚¶;?C=´%-143Q 3;?"a?"3;:3

?C14=D69%B"Bg:35=/:\O4%-,/%!6D:B"Å / t.-6D:>6984%6ƒ?g6ƒ%B"Bg.‚q>=“6D.A'\,D:%6/:tO2.+=D69=/'\,D?CO;6 +I*-?p’m2B":\= a%!143V.-6/8;:,/= a–-ÅQ'KB"?C')(-?C1;*<.+1

6/84:–n.!6/6D.+1T G 34'\O-Å'2 dr6}'%-1 –n:ƒ?C1+!.;'K:3Fq&?"6/8;?C1R6/8;:6/'B;'K.-@Q@Q%!123 q>8;?C')8<698a04=},D:=/04Bg69=?C1R%!1<?C@Q@R:\3;?C%6/:

6/84:<It„s~™'K.;3;:! sI&8;?"=t@A:%!14=6984%6&698;: =/.-04,9'K:G?C=&.-–;B"?"*!:\3^6/.Rq%?"6>%!123^=/6D.+O^6/,9%!14=9@R?"=9=D?".-12=s698;:<1a04@ –n:\,

.p´O2%!')(:\6/=t6/84%!6N?"6N84%-3ª6/,9%!12=/@R?"6D6D:3¼%-143ª6/82%6N82%`!: 1;.-6G–n::1 !%-')(a1;.‚q&Bg:3;*!:3 V,/:\%!')84:\=tÇ Gde1ª.-,93;:,