Tài liệu Beginning writing 1 part 7 doc

48 Beginning Writing 1 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com NAME DATE   PREWRITIN G / I DEAS AND CONTENT: W RITING TO I NFORM A paragraph that informs shares information with the reader. A paragraph about the childhood of a famous person, for example, would be informative. A. Remember to limit your topic so you can present specific details. Circle the topic in each pair that would be most appropriate for an informative paragraph. 1. fads of the 1920s / the Roaring Twenties 2. King Tut / mummies 3. diseases / chicken pox 4. the solar system / meteorites 5. nutrition / Vitamin C One good way to begin an informative paragraph is with a clear definition. EXAMPLES: Vincent Van Gogh was a Dutch painter known for his use of bold, vivid color. The garter snake is the most common harmless snake in the United States. B. Write definition statements for five of the topics in the box. Make sure that each definition could serve as a topic sentence for an informative paragraph. (Use a dictionary or encyclopedia if you need help with facts.) the sea lion the common cold the northern lights palm trees fly-fishing the First Amendment the human heart the snail comets Romeo and Juliet the artichoke Santa Claus Central Park the Mississippi River Charlie Chaplin Paul Bunyan 1. ____________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________ 4. ____________________________________________________________________ 5. ____________________________________________________________________ CHALLENGE: Choose one of the definition statements you wrote in Part B. On the back of this sheet, write three details you would use to develop the definition as a topic sentence. Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 49 NAME DATE   my bus stop 1. What do you see? 2. What do you hear? 3. What do you smell? 4. What might you touch? 5. What is one small detail that is special about the place? PREWRITING / IDEAS AND CONTENT: WRITING TO DESCRIBE A descriptive paragraph needs specific details to create a picture in the reader’s mind. Like other types of paragraphs, a descriptive paragraph must have a topic sentence and supporting details. A. Each topic listed below is too general. Narrow it down to a topic suitable for one paragraph. Ask yourself: Could I create a clear picture for my reader in four or five sentences? The first one has been done for you. 1. my town ➞ _____________________ 4. the ocean ➞ __________________ 2. Italian food ➞ __________________ 5. spring ➞ _____________________ 3. my house ➞ ____________________ 6. trees ➞ ______________________ Clear description creates not only a visual picture, but a complete image. You can help your reader understand your experience by using more than one sense to describe. B. Each word below appeals to one of the following senses. Complete the chart by writing each word in the correct category. sour beeping sparkling frigid fragrant handsome slimy slender delicious silent sweltering earsplitting SIGHT HEARING TASTE SMELL TOUCH C. Add two descriptive words of your own to each category in Part B. CHALLENGE: Think of a place that you really like or especially dislike. Picture yourself there. On the back of this sheet, answer these questions: 50 Beginning Writing 1 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com NAME DATE   PREWRITING / IDEAS AND CONTENT: WRITING TO INSTRUCT (HOW TO) Some paragraphs instruct readers how to do something. A how-to paragraph should: 1. State the process in a topic sentence. 2. Describe any materials needed. 3. Present the steps in chronological order—the order of time. A. Read the following how-to paragraph. Then answer the questions below. Spice up your chips with homemade salsa dip. Make a quick trip to the grocery store to get tomatoes, an onion, green chiles, cilantro, fresh lemons, and salt. First, chop the vegetables into small pieces. (Before chopping the chiles, you might put on rubber gloves. Hot chile juice can burn. Also, don’t touch your eyes when handling peppers, and carefully wash your hands afterward.) After chopping the vegetables, mix them well. Then add salt and lemon juice to taste. Don’t be in a hurry to eat! The salsa will taste better if it sits for at least 30 minutes. Let those flavors blend! Finally, serve the salsa with tortilla chips. 1. What process is the writer explaining? ________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. What ingredients are needed to make salsa?___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the first step in preparing salsa? _____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the final step the writer describes? ___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5. Do you think you could make salsa after reading these instructions? Why or why not? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ B. You can help your reader follow your instructions by using certain words. Some of these words are before, first, after, next, then, and finally. Reread the paragraph in Part A. Circle words that help readers follow the order of the steps. CHALLENGE: Think of a simple activity you do well (serving a tennis ball, teaching your dog a trick, repairing a bike tire). On the back of this sheet, write a topic sentence for a how-to paragraph. Develop the paragraph by listing the materials needed and explaining the steps in chronological order. Use at least two clue words that will help your reader follow the steps. Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 51 NAME DATE   PREWRITING / IDEAS AND CONTENT: PERSONAL INTERESTS What kinds of things do you do well or find interesting? Your personal interests are good subjects for writing. What are your favorite things to do, read about, or think about? Your personal likes and dislikes can be used to spark topic ideas. A. Explore your own interests by completing the following statements. 1. I think I could teach a class in _______________________________________. 2. If I were in a waiting room, I would most likely pick up a magazine about ________________________________. 3. If I were in a library, I would most likely go to the _____________________ section. 4. When I have a spare hour or two, I like to ____________________________. 5. If I could take a class in any subject, it would be ______________________. 6. If I could live in any historical period, it would be _____________________. 7. When I’m with my friends, we often talk about _______________________. 8. If I won a trip anywhere in the world, I’d go to ________________________. B. Write three of your statements below. Then come up with a list of writing topics that relate to your interest. EXAMPLES: ______________________________________________________________________________________ TOPICS: ________________________________________________________________________________ 1. ____________________________________________________________________ TOPICS: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________ TOPICS: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________________________________________________ TOPICS: _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ When I have a spare hour or two, I like to go shopping. teen fashions, styles of the ’80s, money-saving tips, weird fads 52 Beginning Writing 1 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com NAME DATE   PREWRITING / IDEAS AND CONTENT: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES What am I going to write about? As writers begin to work, that’s the big question they ask. Many subjects can be found in your own experiences. Explore your memories—both good and bad. This exercise can help you generate a personal collection of writing topics. Complete each web diagram by listing examples from your own life. 1. 2. 3. CHALLENGE: Use one idea from above as the topic of a narrative paragraph. Imagine that someone has asked you, “What happened?” On the back of this sheet, write a paragraph that answers that. HUMOROUS MOMENTS THE BEST DAYS THE WORST DAYS Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 53 NAME DATE   PREWRITING / IDEAS AND CONTENT: BRAINSTORMING Try looking at things in a different way! Let your mind wander from thought to thought until you’ve created a “storm” of ideas. You can brainstorm alone or in a group. The following exercise works well with a partner. Focus on some object in your home or classroom that you’ve never before looked at carefully. View the object from far away. Walk closer to it. Touch it. Examine it from all angles. If appropriate, smell it. Then answer the following questions. 1. What is the object? __________________________________________________ 2. Which senses can you use to experience it? ____________________________ 3. What is the object’s practical purpose? ________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 4. In what other way(s) might it be used? _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 5. Who would be likely to use it? ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 6. What do you think it would say if it could talk? “_______________________ ___________________________________________________________________” 7. What tiny detail do you notice about the object that most people would miss? ______________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 8. How would life be different if this object did not exist? _________________ ____________________________________________________________________ CHALLENGE: Use the object and the ideas it sparked to write a paragraph. You might tell a story, persuade your readers to buy something, compare and contrast two things, or create an image. Write your paragraph on the back of this sheet. 54 Beginning Writing 1 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com NAME DATE   PREWRITING / IDEAS AND CONTENT: TONE (FORMAL OR INFORMAL?) Before you write, think about both your purpose and your audience . This will help you judge how formal the tone of your writing should be. A. Decide what tone best suits each of the following types of writing. Next to each item below, write F for formal or I for informal. 1. _____ letter requesting a job interview 2. _____ letter to a pal who has moved away 3. _____ party invitation to a picnic and hayride 4. _____ research paper for history class 5. _____ welcoming speech to a new second-grade class 6. _____ advertisement selling life insurance B. Read each of the following items and decide whether the writer’s tone is formal or informal. Again, write F for formal or I for informal. 1. _____ The yapping pup had not had a lick of training. 2. _____ The defiant canine is lacking basic obedience training. 3. _____ I regret to inform you that you must vacate the premises. 4. _____ Sorry! You’re out of here! CHALLENGE: Write formal or informal after each item. Then, on the back of this sheet, rewrite the item so that it has the opposite tone. 2. Dear valued friend, Ms. Margo C. McGuire and I would sincerely appreciate your presence at a summer barbecue on the evening of July the 14th, in the year 2000. Festivities begin promptly at 8 o’clock P.M. and will continue until guests feel compelled to depart. Ms. McGuire and I look forward to sharing the evening with you. Please respond promptly with your acceptance or regrets. Sincerely, Ms. Janine D. Lomax ____________________ 1. Hi there! Summer’s just around the corner, and I wondered if you’re hunting for new camp counselors. I’m a whiz with kids and a super swimmer and hiker. Dudes, you wouldn’t be sorry if you put me on the payroll! Don’t let me down, now. I’ll be waiting! Take it easy! Sam Sibone ____________________ Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 55 NAME DATE   PREWRITING / IDEAS AND CONTENT: DECIDING ON POINT OF VIEW Before writing, you have to decide how you will present your message. Through whose eyes will the reader view the details? Most often, you will write from one of the following points of view : 1. First-person point of view uses pronouns like I, me, my, we, and our. The first-person point of view is a personal account in which the narrator takes part. EXAMPLE: In my opinion, our school is best in the state. I am proud to be a Portsmouth Penguin! 2. Third-person point of view uses pronouns like they, he, she, and their . The narrator is not a part of the writing but tells about the subject. EXAMPLE: Students at Portsmouth say their school is number one. They are proud to be Penguins! Tell whether each sentence is written from the first-person point of view or third-person point of view. Write 1st or 3rd on the line. 1. _____ As I looked into the barber shop mirror, I knew I could not face my friends! 2. _____ The Japanese samurai faced death bravely because they were highly trained warriors. 3. _____ One autumn night I found out why the owl is said to be wise. 4. _____ We survived the car crash, but it changed my life forever. CHALLENGE: On the back of this sheet, rewrite this paragraph from a different point of view. I love the new Greek restaurant on 54th Street. Last weekend I ate there for the first time, and I especially enjoyed the lemon-flavored chicken soup. A garlicky spread turned my plain piece of bread into something special. Gobs of sweet honey made my dessert a sticky treat. When I returned there this weekend, I found a line of people waiting for a table. It seems I’m not the only diner who has fallen in love with Dimitri’s. 56 Beginning Writing 1 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com NAME DATE   PREWRITING / IDEAS AND CONTENT: DECIDING ON VERB TENSE As a writer, you must decide what verb tense to use in a piece of writing. You may write in the past tense . I decided to phone Sarah. My fingers twitched nervously as I punched the buttons. Or you may write in the present tense . I decide to phone Sarah. My fingers twitch nervously as I punch the buttons. Important hint: Whichever tense you choose, stick to it! Avoid shifting tenses throughout the written piece. A. Rewrite each sentence so that the tenses of the boldface verbs match. 1. The golfer makes her shot and then followed the ball with her eyes. ___________________________________________________________________ 2. The champ entered the ring, goes to his corner, and nodded to the crowd. ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Chico whistled for his dog Ranger, and Ranger bounds to his side. ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Everywhere Chico goes, Ranger followed him. _______________________ ___________________________________________________________________ B. Decide whether you will write each item below in the past tense or present tense. Then complete each sentence by adding verbs of that tense. The first one has been done for you. 1. ___________ The snow _______ silently and soon ___________ the ground with white. 2. ___________ The fans ____________________ into the stadium and ____________________ to their seats. 3. ___________ Dinosaurs ____________________ huge creatures that ____________________ the earth ages ago. CHALLENGE: On the back of this sheet, write a paragraph about an exciting day. Make sure you stick to the same verb tense from beginning to end! present falls blankets Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 57 NAME DATE   LAUGH OUT LOUD! MISPLACED AND DANGLING MODIFIERS Misplaced modifiers and dangling modifiers can make a mess of meaning! Sometimes speakers and writers send a very different message from the one they intended to send. These silly errors— sometimes called bloopers—can make people laugh out loud! Read each blooper below. Then rewrite it to convey its intended meaning. 1. Sports announcer at a San Diego Padres baseball game: Winfield goes back to the wall. He hits his head on the wall and it rolls off! Now it’s rolling toward second base! ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 2. Line written on an accident report: The cause of the accident was a guy in a small car with a big mouth! ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 3. In the classified ads: For sale: large dining room set perfect for big family made of solid oak. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 4. Anther ad: Holiday bazaar—hundreds of gifts for the hard-to-find person. ____________________________________________________________________ 5. Sign in a pet store: We will sell goldfish to anyone in a glass bowl. ____________________________________________________________________ 6. Road sign: Drive slower when wet. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 7. Sign in a clothing store: Huge pants sale! __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ . © 20 01 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92 618 • Phone: (888) 73 5-2225 • Fax: (888) 73 4-4 010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 51 NAME DATE   PREWRITING / IDEAS. © 20 01 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92 618 • Phone: (888) 73 5-2225 • Fax: (888) 73 4-4 010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 53 NAME DATE   PREWRITING / IDEAS