Tài liệu Beginning writing 1 part 2 pdf

CREATIVE WRITING 66 EXPANDING SENTENCES Answers will vary. 67 USING YOUR SENSES A. 1. babbling, meow, whisper 2. aroma, stinking, fragrant 3. painful, prickle, burn 4. sour, tangy, flavorful 5. sparkle, pale, scarlet B. Answers will vary. 68 HAIKU A. The / dew / drops / fal/ ling By / ones / and / twos, / rap/id/ly,— It / is / a / good / world. B. 1. nature 2. three 3. five 4. seven 5. first 6. does not C. 1. b 2. a 69 WRITING ABOUT PICTURES Answers will vary. 70 WRITING ABOUT PEOPLE A. 1. swaggered 2. tossed 3. piercing 4. smile 5. cat 6. whispered B. Answers will vary. 71 LAUGH OUT LOUD! What’s in a Name? A. 1. d 2. e 3. h 4. k 5. l 6. b 7. i 8. c 9. f 10. a 11. j 12. g B. Answers will vary. 72 REVIEW A. ACROSS: 1. character 4. vivid 5. touch 7. senses 9. image DOWN: 2. haiku 3. taste 6. hearing 7. smell 8. sight B. Answers will vary. CHECKING YOUR WRITING 73 SPELLING DEMONS A. 1. e 2. d 3. a 4. b 5. c 6. f 7. h 8. g B. combination, relative, invitation, competition, preparation, declaration, perspiration, author 74 DOUBLE TROUBLE A. 1. hoping 2. scraping 3. hopped 4. moped 5. robbed B. 1. biggest 2. thinnest 3. begged 4. tagged 5. bigger 6. madder 7. betting 8. hitting C. 2. holy, holly 3. desert, dessert 4. hot, hoot 5. raged, ragged 6. ad, add 7. hoping, hopping 75 LETTERS OFTEN LEFT OUT A. 1. bakery, chocolate 2. federal, veterans 3. sophomores, history 4. average, salary, government 5. several, environment B. 1. ordnary, Febuary, evry, intresting, celbrate, substatute CHALLENGE: 76 CAPITALIZATION I 1. September 2. Angela, Halloween 3. Captain Hook, Angela, Peter Pan 4. Monday 5. Julio’s Sweets Shoppe, Beach Boulevard 6. Dr. Richard’s 7. Thursday, November, Thanksgiving 77 CAPITALIZATION II A. 1. scientist, Professor 2. laboratory, Mount, Park 3. park, Doctor B. 1. New York City 2. Hudson River 3. none 4. Uncle Ted, Kansas City 5. none 78 COMMAS I A. 1. A one-horned rhinoceros, a ten-foot lizard, and a miniature buffalo all live in the jungles of Indonesia. 2. The orangutan, an ape with reddish-orange hair, also makes its home in Indonesia. 3. Professor Durand, can you explain why the orangutan is called “man of the jungle”? 4. Orangutans are, if you can picture this, about the size of humans. B. Answers will vary. 79 COMMAS II A. 1. Because they are big, football players usually eat a lot. 2. At our school, assemblies are held in the gym. 3. The committee was made up of the following four students: Carol Sue, Carlos, Molly, and Ruth. 4. For those who love chocolate, chocolate cake is the perfect dessert. 5. The five stars of the play were Peggy, Anthony, Mary, Jo, and Sam. 6. Rather than red, orange is my favorite color. 7. Instead of Michael, Jordan received the award. 8. While Brenda was climbing down, the ladder slipped. 9. Recognizing the man as his uncle, Joseph shouted a welcome. B. That that is, is. That that is not, is not. Is that not it? It is! 80 PUNCTUATING QUOTATIONS I A. Students should check 1, 3, and 4. B. 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. b INTERESTING CU OE B RLF S DEET IBI NRRT AUAU RAT YREE EVERY viii 81 PUNCTUATING QUOTATIONS II Bosco studied the weird machine. He read the strange sign. “ Enter here to travel through time, ” the words said. “ All tickets ten dollars. ” “ Would you like to buy a ticket? ” asked a little round man in a blue suit. “ You can go forward, backward, or any-which-way! ” Bosco was fascinated. “ How can I pass up this opportunity? ” he whispered. He pulled out a ten-dollar bill. “ All aboard, ” shouted the little man. “ Quickly now. Quickly now! ” Bosco climbed three metal stairs and passed through a swinging gate. He heard a lock click behind him. Suddenly he felt nervous. “ I’ve changed my mind, ” he called out. “ Too late! ” said the little man. “ Have a good journey. ” The strange contraption shook and groaned as it hurled Bosco into the future. 82 UNNECESSARY REPETITION A. 2. on his face 3. quickly 4. shape 5. victorious 6. round B. 2. Doctors help their patients by treating illnesses. 3. When I once had trouble walking, I hurried to a doctor. 4. Tests showed that I needed a knee operation. 83 DOUBLE NEGATIVES A. 1. ever 2. any 3. anybody 4. any 5. no 6. ever B. Students should check 1, 3, and 4. 84 PROOFREADER’S MARKS A. 2. You can lead a hors to water but you cant make it drink. 3. Evry cloud has a Silver lining 4. Dont bit the hand that feeds yuo. 5. Theres more than one way too skin a Cat. B. 1. Half a loaf is better than none. 2. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make it drink. 3. Every cloud has a silver lining. 4. Don’t bite the hand that feeds you. 5. There’s more than one way to skin a cat. 85 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Misspelled Words A. 1. laff=laugh 2. recieved=received 3. Acurrate=Accurate 4. proff=proof 5. grammer=grammar 6. carrot=karat 7. dames=dams 8. boys=buoys B. 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. a 5. b 86 REVIEW A. 2. Odin wanted to be wise as well as strong. 3. “I will drink from the Well of Wisdom,” Odin said. 4. “The water is not free,” said the guardian of the well. 5. The price of a drink was very high. 6. “You must give me one of your eyes, Odin,” said the guardian. 7. Odin gained wisdom, the ability to see the future, and the respect of all the gods. B. 1. Shaniko is a ghost town in the high desert of Oregon. 2. It’s called a ghost town because most of the people are gone, and the buildings are abandoned. 3. In the early 1900s Shaniko was a boom town, a bustling railroad hub. 4. A sign on the road into present-day Shaniko reads, “Population 30.” 5. Some visitors say they hear ghostly laughter in the schoolyard. IMPROVING YOUR WRITING 87 SENTENCE VARIETY I: Varying Sentence Beginnings 2. preposition 3. verb 4. preposition 5. adverb 6. preposition 88 SENTENCE VARIETY II: Combining Sentences A. 2. Seven Great Danes live in the Lavine house, and two will soon have puppies. 3. The family may keep all the puppies, or neighbors may buy some. B. 2. A stage crew of talented artists is designing sets. 3. Tickets for the play, which opens March 5, are going fast. 89 SENTENCE VARIETY I: Avoiding “And” Sentences A. 1. b 2. a B. Answers will vary. 90 CONCISE WRITING A. 1. b 2. d 3. a 4. c B. This launched his career; The cartoon did well; The rodent was very humorous; She thought it was not the right choice. 91 AVOIDING MIXED COMPARISONS A. Students should check 2, 3, and 4. B. Answers will vary. Possible answers: 2. His mind galloped from thought to thought like a nervous horse. 3. The warmth of the sun wrapped itself around our campsite like a blanket. 4. The teacher growled at the tardy students like a bear. 92 RECOGNIZING FACTS AND OPINIONS A. 1. F 2. O 3. T 4. F 5. T B. 1. O 2. O 3. F 4. F 5. O e e e ix 93 QUALIFYING OPINIONS A. Students should check 1, 3, and 6. Underline: 2. Mike thinks; 4. In my opinion; 5. I think B. Students should circle 1, 3, and 4. 1. Most students can benefit from a physical education class. 3. I think Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have overly strict rules for their children. 4. It seems that no amount of arguing will convince the Wilsons to change their minds! 94 MAKING AND QUALIFYING GENERALIZATIONS A. Answers will vary. Possible anwers: 1. Most 2. Many 3. supposedly 4. usually B. Answers will vary. Possible anwers: 2. Annmarie will likely make a good doctor some day. 3. At the tournament, our debate team should be hard to beat! 4. Our house may need a new roof in three to five years. 5. The growing population will likely lead to overcrowding. 95 WORD CHOICES A. 1. pranced 2. growled 3. mature 4. moderate, quaint 5. screamed B. Answers will vary. 96 NEW BEGINNINGS A. 1. a 2. b 3. a 4. b B. Answers will vary. 97 EFFECTIVE ENDINGS A. 1. a 2. c B. thus, in conclusion, in summary 98 WRITING TITLES A. 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. b B. 1. Tales from the Titanic 2. The Lady or the Tiger? 3. Chief Joseph: Man of Honor 99 LAUGH OUT LOUD! Headline Horrors 2. Students upset by teacher strike 3. Man-eating sharks spotted offshore 4. Woodview Heights man murdered 5. Burglar robs Richard’s Pants Shop 6. More meat-eaters deciding to eat vegetables 7. New law cuts curfew violations in half 8. U.S. steel giant puts end to strike 9. Two small planes collide; one person dies 10. Free clinic offers medical care for the poor 10 0 REVIEW A. 1. vary in length 2. different parts of speech 3. a generalization 4. qualify 5. summarize ideas 6. gets to the point without wasting words B. Answers will vary. Possible answers: 1. Scientists think humans could live on Mars, but there is no food or water there. 2. Mars, one of our closest neighbors in space, has been called Earth’s “red twin.” x Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 1 NAME DATE   UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH: NOUNS A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. A common noun names any person, place, thing, or idea. A proper noun names a specific person, place, thing, or idea. EXAMPLES: COMMON NOUNS: student, forest, pencil, confusion P ROPER NOUNS: Howard, Everglades, Statue of Liberty A. First underline all the nouns in the following sentences. Then write CN above each common noun and PN above each proper noun. 1. Emily was training herself to become a spy. 2. The teenager anxiously prepared to complete her first mission. 3. Emily took off her shoes and tiptoed across the carpet. 4. The young spy quietly opened the door and peeked into the bedroom. 5. “Margo isn’t doing her homework!” Emily yelled to her mother. 6. “I hate sneakiness!” Margo shouted at her sister. B. Rewrite each sentence. Replace the boldface common noun with a specific proper noun. The first sentence has been done for you. 1. The seashore is my favorite vacation spot. ____________________________________________________________________ 2. The teacher carefully explained the rules. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. Passengers were upset when the airline canceled flights. ____________________________________________________________________ 4. The store offered a refund to every unhappy customer. ____________________________________________________________________ CHALLENGE: Select one of the proper nouns from Part B. On the back of this sheet, write three sentences telling about that person, place, or thing. For example, you might write three sentences about Waikiki Beach. Circle each noun you use. Waikiki Beach is my favorite vacation spot. 2 Beginning Writing 1 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com NAME DATE   UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH: COLLECTIVE NOUNS A collective noun names a group of persons or things. The word jury is a collective noun. So is the word committee . A. Write a letter to match each collective noun in the first column with its description in the second column. The first one has been done for you. 1. _____ crowd a. a group of many 2. _____ flock b. a lot of bees flying together 3. _____ swarm c. a great number of persons gathered together 4. _____ class d. women who feel a common bond 5. _____ sisterhood e. students who meet with a teacher Depending on how the collective noun is used in the sentence, it may take a singular or plural verb. Here are the rules: • If you are thinking of the collective noun as a single unit, use a singular verb. EXAMPLE: The committee is meeting once a month. • If you are thinking of the group members as separate individuals, use a plural verb. EXAMPLE: The jury are entering the courtroom one by one. B. Read each sentence about the 1980s. Then underline the collective noun that is the subject of the sentence. Finally, circle the verb form that agrees with the subject. 1. The year is 1981, and the Senate ( has / have ) voted to make Sandra Day O’Connor the first woman on the Supreme Court. 2. Today, as in the ’80s, a family often ( needs / need ) more than one wage-earner. 3. It is 1980, and the team from the United States ( is / are ) not attending the summer Olympic Games. 4. The Soviet army ( had / have ) invaded Afghanistan in December of 1979. 5. President Jimmy Carter and the U.S. Olympic Committee ( has / have ) called for a boycott of the Moscow games. CHALLENGE: On the back of this sheet, write a brief news report about a concert, a big game, or some other group event. Circle each collective noun you use. Be sure to use the correct verb form. c Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 3 NAME DATE   UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH: VERBS Verbs are words that express an action or a state of being. Action verbs (run, talked, went) tell what people do . Other verbs (is, am, are) express a state of being . A. Add a verb to complete each sentence. Then, on the line before the sentence, tell what the verb expresses. Write A for action or S for state of being. 1. _____ Many people ____________________ the taste of chocolate. 2. _____ Montezuma, a ruler of the ancient Aztecs, _________________ 50 cups of hot chocolate a day. 3. _____ Hot chocolate ____________________ still a favorite drink. 4. _____ Chocolate, however, ____________________ quite high in calories. 5. _____ Do you ____________________ chocolate or vanilla? Most verbs change form to show the time something is happening. The form of a verb shows whether something is happening now, has happened in the past, or will happen in the future. EXAMPLES: The car needs a tune-up. (present) The car needed a tune-up last month. (past) The car will need a tune-up in three months. (future) B. The action in the following paragraph takes place in the present. First underline each verb. Then rewrite the paragraph on the back of this sheet. Replace each present-tense verb with a past-tense verb. The first one has been done for you. In my grandma’s living room is a portrait of Elvis Presley on black velvet. Everyone in the family voices an opinion about the picture. Uncle Leo calls it hideous. Aunt Sally groans when she looks at it. When I look at the picture, I feel happy. I believe it is the most beautiful thing in Grandma’s house. was was 4 Beginning Writing 1 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com NAME DATE   UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH: VERB PHRASES One or more helping verbs are often used along with the main verb in a sentence. Together, the helping verb or verbs and main verb make up a verb phrase . A helping verb can show time or add meaning to the main verb. EXAMPLES: The mechanic will check the tires before we leave. The mechanic should check the fluid levels too. The mechanic has been working for an hour. Sometimes the words in verb phrases are separated by other words. EXAMPLES: You should not pay your bill until the work is completed. I had never seen such a big repair bill! Find the complete verb phrase in each sentence. Write it on the line. Hint: The number in parentheses tells how many words are in the verb phrase. 1. During World War II, a homing pigeon named Beachcomber would carry messages across enemy lines. (2) ____________________ 2. In all, 32 homing pigeons were used in the war. (2) ____________________ 3. Homing pigeons have been used for service and for sport. (3) ____________________ 4. Their owners will often release them far from home. (2) ____________________ 5. The birds will cleverly find their way across many miles. (2) ____________________ 6. A racing pigeon must reach its home loft as quickly as possible. (2) ____________________ 7. That weary bird over there must have been flying all day! (4) ____________________ CHALLENGE: On the back of this sheet, write three sentences about a race or contest. Use a verb phrase in each sentence. Circle the main verb and underline the helping verb in each verb phrase. Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 5 NAME DATE   UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH: IRREGULAR VERB FORMS Add -ed or -d to form the past tense of a regular verb. To form the past tense of an irregular verb, you will usually change the spelling. EXAMPLES: REGULAR VERB:IRREGULAR VERB: PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST look looked sing sang A. Read the irregular past-tense verb forms in the box. Then complete the puzzle by matching each one to a present-tense form listed as a clue. ran swam caught grew tore sent sank froze ACROSS DOWN 2. swim 1. catch 5. run 2. sink 6. grow 3. freeze 7. tear 4. send B. Fill in each blank with the past-tense form of the verb in parentheses. The verb you write should rhyme with the words in italics. The first one has been done for you. 1. With a bong and a clang, the steeple bell (ring) ____________________. 2. The baby eagle grew and grew; then from its nest it bravely (fly) __________________. 3. Into the shady, peaceful cove, my little boat I slowly (drive) _________________. 4. The list of promises each candidate (write ) _________________, should help us decide just how to vote. CHALLENGE: On the back of this sheet, write five sentences using the past-tense form of the following verbs: steal, catch, dive, do, buy. C SF S RG T 1 6 5 4 32 7 rang 6 Beginning Writing 1 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com NAME DATE   UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH: PRONOUNS Imagine you are writing a story about a fellow named Mike. How do you avoid repeating the word Mike in your story? You use pronouns! A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. Notice the boldface pronouns in the following example: Mike plays baseball for the Riverside Rockets. He is their star pitcher. When he winds up, batters stop breathing! They wait nervously for his fast ball. They know the umpire is likely to call, “Strike three. You are out!” A. Circle the three words in each group that are not pronouns. 1. it Karen him her Marvin president 2. they teenagers yellow my I Rudy 3. car our us family we Charlene A pronoun must always agree with the noun it replaces. INCORRECT: People should not volunteer for a job unless he really wants to do it. CORRECT: People should not volunteer for a job unless they really want to do it. B. Complete each sentence with one of these pronouns: one, they, it, its. Notice that each pronoun replaces a boldface noun or nouns. 1. The octopus is a fascinating creature, but some people think ________________________ is scary. 2. The octopus has eight twisting tentacles. ________________________ help the creature move along the ocean floor. 3. The octopus uses ________________________ tentacles when hunting. 4. When an octopus’s tentacle is cut off, a brand new ________________________ grows! CHALLENGE: On the back of this sheet, write a short paragraph about an animal with a frightening appearance. Use pronouns to avoid repetition— and make sure each pronoun agrees with the noun it replaces! Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 2001 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92618 • Phone: (888) 735-2225 • Fax: (888) 734-4010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 7 NAME DATE   UNDERSTANDING PARTS OF SPEECH: INDEFINITE PRONOUNS Indefinite pronouns can cause writers problems. These pronouns include words like all, each, either, few, and none. As with other pronouns, writers must make sure that every indefinite pronoun agrees with its verb. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS SINGULAR MAY BE SINGULAR OR PLURAL either anyone no one each any more some neither everybody none all most A. Read each sentence. Then circle the indefinite pronoun and underline its verb. Finally, write S if the pronoun is singular or P if it is plural. The first one has been done for you. 1. _____ All of the party guests have been given a list of items for the scavenger hunt. 2. _____ Each of the party guests has been given a list of items for the scavenger hunt. 3. _____ Everybody in the group is expected to participate. 4. _____ Some of the guests don’t want to join the hunt. 5. _____ A few feel silly going door to door asking for unusual objects. 6. _____ Most think it sounds like great fun! 7. _____ I’ll bet that nobody will be able to find a wooden clothespin. B. Complete the two sentences below. Make sure to use a verb that agrees with the boldface indefinite pronoun. 1. All of the job applicants ____________________________________________. 2. Both Hector and Neil ______________________________________________. CHALLENGE: Indefinite pronouns are often the subject of a sentence. In fact, one indefinite pronoun and one verb can make a complete sentence! EXAMPLES: Everyone screamed. Nobody answers. On the back of this sheet, write three two-word sentences containing an indefinite pronoun and a verb. P . Publishing, Inc. © 20 01 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92 618 • Phone: (888) 735 -22 25 • Fax: (888) 734-4 010 • www.sdlback.com • Beginning Writing 1 1 NAME DATE . vacation spot. 2 Beginning Writing 1 • Saddleback Publishing, Inc. © 20 01 • Three Watson, Irvine, CA 92 618 • Phone: (888) 735 -22 25 • Fax: (888) 734-4 010 • www.sdlback.com NAME