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BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI HOÀNG XUÂN THÀNH MẬT Mà DỮ LIỆU ẢNH ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT HỖN LOẠN LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ KỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN TỬ HÀ NỘI - 2020 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC BÁCH KHOA HÀ NỘI HOÀNG XUÂN THÀNH MẬT Mà DỮ LIỆU ẢNH ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT HỖN LOẠN Ngành: Kỹ thuật điện tử Mã số: 9520203 LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ KỸ THUẬT ĐIỆN TỬ NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS.TS HOÀNG MẠNH THẮNG HÀ NỘI - 2020 LỜI CAM ĐOAN Tôi xin cam đoan kết trình bày Luận án cơng trình nghiên cứu tơi hướng dẫn PGS.TS Hoàng Mạnh Thắng Các số liệu, kết trình bày luận án hồn tồn trung thực chưa công bố cơng trình trước Các kết sử dụng tham khảo trích dẫn đầy đủ theo quy định Hà nội, ngày 22 tháng năm 2020 Người hướng dẫn khoa học PGS.TS Hoàng Mạnh Thắng Tác giả Hoàng Xuân Thành LỜI CÁM ƠN Để hoàn thành Luận án này, xin gửi lời biết ơn sâu sắc đến Thày cô Bộ môn Điện tử Kỹ thuật máy tính, Viện Điện tử–Viễn thông hỗ trợ, giúp đỡ động viên suốt trình làm luận án tiến sĩ Trường Đại học Bách khoa Hà Nội Tôi gửi lời cám ơn đến người hướng dẫn, PGS Hoàng Mạnh Thắng, người bảo định hướng cho trình nghiên cứu Xin cám ơn nhiều! Hà nội, ngày 22 tháng năm 2020 Mục lục Trang DANH MỤC CÁC KÝ HIỆU VÀ CHỮ VIẾT TẮT iv DANH MỤC CÁC KÝ HIỆU TOÁN HỌC vi DANH SÁCH CÁC HÌNH VẼ, ĐỒ THỊ vii DANH SÁCH CÁC BẢNG x MỞ ĐẦU Chương 1: TỔNG QUAN VỀ HÀM HỖN LOẠN VÀ ẢNH SỐ 1.1 Giới thiệu 1.2 Mật mã đại phân loại .8 1.2.1 Định nghĩa 1.2.2 Phân loại mật mã 1.3 Hệ thống hỗn loạn 12 1.3.1 Hệ hỗn loạn liên tục theo thời gian 12 1.3.2 Hệ hỗn loạn rời rạc theo thời gian .13 1.3.2.1 Hàm Logistic 14 1.3.2.2 Hàm Henon 14 1.3.2.3 Hàm Cat 15 1.3.2.4 Hàm hỗn loạn Cat-Hadamard 15 1.3.2.5 Hàm Standard .16 1.3.2.6 Hàm Skew tent 16 1.3.2.7 Hàm Chebyshev 17 1.3.2.8 Hàm hỗn loạn không gian-thời gian 17 1.4 Các thuộc tính hàm hỗn loạn phù hợp cho ứng dụng mật mã 17 1.4.1 Các thuộc tính 17 1.4.2 Các tham số tính chất hàm hỗn loạn dùng mật mã 19 1.5 Tạo chuỗi ngẫu nhiên dùng hàm hỗn loạn .21 1.5.1 Tạo chuỗi bit ngẫu nhiên 22 1.5.2 Tạo chuỗi số giả ngẫu nhiên 23 1.5.3 Một số ý thiết kế phần cứng cho hàm hỗn loạn .24 1.6 Ảnh số đặc điểm 25 1.6.1 Biểu diễn ảnh số .25 1.6.2 Các đặc trưng liệu ảnh 26 i 1.7 Kết luận 28 Chương 2: MẬT Mà ẢNH Ở MỨC BIT ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT HỖN LOẠN 30 2.1 Giới thiệu 30 2.2 Mơ hình mật mã cấu trúc SPN .31 2.2.1 Hoán vị điểm ảnh sử dụng hỗn loạn 33 2.2.1.1 Các chế hoán vị liệu cho ảnh 34 2.2.1.2 Luật hoán vị dựa vào biến trạng thái 34 2.2.1.3 Luật hoán vị dựa vào đặc tính động hàm hỗn loạn rời rạc 38 2.2.1.4 Đánh giá hiệu phép hoán vị 40 2.2.2 Phép thay sử dụng hỗn loạn 43 2.2.2.1 Phép thay không tạo lan truyền 43 2.2.2.2 Thay có lan truyền 45 2.3 Đề xuất hệ mật mã hỗn loạn làm việc mức bit 46 2.3.1 Đề xuất 1: Hệ mật mã dựa tác động lên đặc tính động hàm hỗn loạn 47 2.3.1.1 Bộ mật mã 48 2.3.1.2 Bộ giải mật mã 51 2.3.1.3 Kết mô 52 2.3.1.4 Phân tích khả bảo mật 52 2.3.1.5 Kết thiết kế mạch cứng 57 2.3.2 Đề xuất 2: Hệ mật mã hỗn loạn cho ảnh mức bit 64 2.3.2.1 Giải thuật mật mã dùng hàm hỗn loạn Cat-Hadamard 65 2.3.2.2 Giải thuật giải mật 66 2.3.2.3 Chi phí tính tốn 67 2.3.2.4 Giải thuật phân phối khóa 67 2.3.2.5 Phân tích khả bảo mật 68 2.4 Kết luận 72 Chương 3: PHÂN TÍCH MẬT Mà HỖN LOẠN CĨ CẤU TRÚC SPN 74 3.1 Giới thiệu 74 3.2 Một số qui ước phân tích mã 76 3.3 Mô tả hệ mật mã hỗn loạn đề xuất W Zhang 76 ii 3.4 Đề xuất 3: Phân tích hệ mật mã hỗn loạn có cấu trúc SPN với vòng lặp mã 80 3.4.1 Tấn công lựa chọn văn trơn 81 3.4.1.1 Tấn công vào q trình hốn vị 81 3.4.1.2 Tấn công vào khuếch tán 85 3.4.2 Tấn cơng lựa chọn văn mã hóa 88 3.4.2.1 Tấn cơng q trình hốn vị ngược 88 3.4.2.2 Tấn công khuếch tán ngược 92 3.4.3 Ước lượng thời gian công .95 3.4.3.1 Thời gian cơng hốn vị 95 3.4.3.2 Thời gian công khuếch tán 96 3.4.4 Một số bàn luận công vòng lặp mã 97 3.5 Đề xuất 4: Phân tích mật mã hỗn loạn có cấu trúc SPN với nhiều vịng lặp mã 98 3.5.1 Giải thuật mật mã giải mật nhiều vòng lặp mã 98 3.5.2 Phân tích mã 100 3.5.2.1 Nhận diện điểm yếu hệ mật mã 101 3.5.2.2 Khơi phục luật hốn vị 105 3.5.3 Đề xuất phương pháp nâng cao bảo mật cho hệ mật mã 115 3.6 Kết luận 122 KẾT LUẬN VÀ HƯỚNG PHÁT TRIỂN 124 DANH MỤC CƠNG TRÌNH CƠNG BỐ CỦA LUẬN ÁN 126 TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 127 iii Danh mục ký hiệu chữ viết tắt VIẾT TẮT TIẾNG ANH TIẾNG VIỆT 1D One-dimention Một chiều tự 2D Two-dimention Hai chiều tự AES Advanced Encryption System Chuẩn mã hóa tiên tiến BDB Bit Distribution Balancing Cân phân bố bit BIC Bit Independence Criteria Tiêu chí độc lập bit đầu CCA Chosen-ciphertext Attack Tấn cơng mà người phân tích lựa chọn tập văn mã hóa CD Chaotic Diffusion Khuếch tán hỗn loạn Cdr Ciphertext difference rate Tỷ lệ sai khác văn văn mã hóa CML Coupled Map Lattice Ghép hàm hỗn loạn COA Ciphertext-only Attack Tấn cơng có văn văn mã hóa COL Column Ma trận cột CPA Chosen-plaintext Attack Tấn công lựa chọn văn rõ CPP Chaotic Pixel Permutation Hoán vị điểm ảnh hỗn loạn DBAP Distance Between Adjacent Pixels Khoảng cách điểm ảnh lân cận DES Data Encryption Standard Chuẩn mã liệu 3DES Triple Data Encryption Standard Chuẩn mã liệu gấp ba FIPS 199 Federal Information Processing Bản công bố tiêu chuẩn xử lý Standard Publication 199 thông tin liên bang 199 FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array Mảng cổng lập trình HSV Hue, Saturation, and Value iBDB Inverse Bit Distribution Balancing Giải ngược cân phân bố bit iCD Inverse Chaotic Diffusion iCPP Inverse Chaotic Pixel Permutation Giải ngược hoán vị điểm ảnh hỗn Giải ngược khuếch tán hỗn loạn loạn ID Initial for Diffusion Giá trị khởi đầu cho khuếch tán iv IP Initial for Permutation Giá trị khởi đầu cho hoán vị IV Initial Vector/values Giá trị khởi đầu KPA Known-Plaintext Attack Tấn công biết rõ LFSR Linear Feedback Shift Register Thanh ghi dịch phản hồi tuyến tính NIST National Institute of Standards Viện quốc gia chuẩn công and Technology nghệ NPCR Number of Pixels Change Rate Tỷ lệ số điểm ảnh thay đổi giá trị PAPC Percentage of adjacent pixels Phần trăm điểm ảnh lân cận count PRESENT Mã hạng nhẹ PRESENT PKI Public Key Infrastructure Nền tảng khóa cơng khai PV Primary vertex Điểm sơ cấp PWLCM Piece-wise Linear Chaotic Map Hàm hỗn loạn gồm đoạn tuyến tính RGB Red, Green, and Blue Kênh màu đỏ, xanh xanh dương ROW Row Ma trận hàng RSA Rivest–Shamir–Adleman Thuật toán mật mã RSA SAC Strict Avalanche Criterion Tiêu chí thác chặt SAFER Secure And Fast Encryption Rou- Thủ tục mật mã hóa nhanh an tine SPN toàn Substitution-Permutation Net- Mạng thay thế-hoán vị work SV Secondary vertex Điểm thứ cấp UACI Unified Average Changing Inten- Cường độ thay đổi trung bình sity VHDL VHSIC Hardware thống Description Ngôn ngữ mô tả phần cứng VH- Language SIC v Danh mục ký hiệu toán học Ký hiệu Ý nghĩa λ Lũy thừa Lyapunov ⊗ Tích Kronecker ⊕ bit-wise XOR of two binary vectors or matrices det Định thức ma trận rand i rcv _rd Dãy số ngẫu nhiên, hay rand viết ngắn gọn random Giá trị khôi phục rd, viết tắt recovered random sequence Xn Véctơ biến trạng thái (x, y ), (x i , y i ) Tọa độ điểm ảnh p(x, y ) Điểm ảnh tọa độ (x, y ) pR (x, y ), p G (x, y ), pB (x, y ) Điểm ảnh màu tương ứng R, G, B tọa độ (x, y ) (a mod n) mod(a, n) div (x, y ) Hàm modulo a cho n Hàm thực phép chia x cho y (i) X (i) (t), X n F ( ) , G(.), Biến trạng thái T (.), Hàm liên tục f (.), f i (.) U NIQU E (.) 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Shift Register Thanh ghi dịch phản hồi tuyến tính NIST National Institute of Standards Viện quốc gia chuẩn công and Technology nghệ NPCR Number of Pixels Change Rate Tỷ lệ số điểm ảnh thay đổi giá... vectors or matrices det Định thức ma trận rand i rcv _rd Dãy số ngẫu nhiên, hay rand viết ngắn gọn random Giá trị khôi phục rd, viết tắt recovered random sequence Xn Véctơ biến trạng thái (x,... tục mật mã hóa nhanh an tine SPN toàn Substitution-Permutation Net- Mạng thay thế-hoán vị work SV Secondary vertex Điểm thứ cấp UACI Unified Average Changing Inten- Cường độ thay đổi trung bình