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p 11 (BL): © P H O V O I R / Alamy; p 11 (BL): © wareham.nl (sport) / Alamy; p 11 (BL): © E.D Tonal / Alamy; p 11 (BL): © Zoonar G m b H / Alamy; T h e p u b l i s h e r s are grateful to the following contributors: p 11 (BL): S T O C K B / Getty Images; p ( T R ) : © wiba / Alamy; p 13 ( T R ) : © hyphen: editorial, design and project management; Leon Chambers: audio HolgerBurmeister / Alamy; p 14 (CR): ©James Davies / Alamy; p 14 (CR): A F P recordings; Karen Elliott: Pronunciation sections; Matt Norton: G e t it right! / Getty Images; p 15 ( T R ) : Kali Nine LLC / Getty Images; p 15 ( T R ) : Kali Nine exercises LLC / Getty Images; p ( T R ) : omgimages / Getty Images; p ( T L ) : Laurence www.frenglish.ru CONTENTS Welcome Sporting life UNIT One world Grammar Grammar 64 Vocabulary 66 Reading 68 Writing 69 Listening 70 : Sum it up 71 Grammar 72 Vocabulary 74 Ю 12 Vocabulary 14 Reading 15 Writing Listening Sum it up 16 17 UNIT feel happy ,« Grammar 18 i 20 Vocabulary Reading Writing 22 23 Listening 24 25 Exam skills: Reading Reading 76 Writing 77 Listening 78 Exam skills: Reading 79 Consolidation & 80 Consolidation & 26 UNIT Me and my family » Grammar 28 Grammar Vocabulary 30 Vocabulary • Reading Writing 32 33 Writing i Listening 34 Listening Sum it up 35 Sum it up I UNIT Would you like dessert? Reading тШШШШШШШШШШШШШШШШШШ Grammar Vocabulary 36 Grammar 38 Vocabulary Reading 40 ; Reading Writing 41 : Writing ; Listening 42 Listening ; Exam skills: Listening 43 Consolidation & 44 Exam skills: Listening Consolidation & 10 I UNIT 11 A world of animals Grammar 46 Grammar Vocabulary 48 Vocabulary Reading 50 Reading : Writing •; Listening 51 Writing 52 53 Sum it up : Sum it up Listening ХШВШШШШШШк 54 ЩЯЯШЯЯИЯШЯШЯШЯЯЯЯЯИЯтШяЯЯШтЛ Grammar 54 Grammar i Vocabulary 56 : Vocabulary Reading 58 Reading I Writing 59 Writing ! Listening j Exam skills: Writing 60 61 62 j Consolidation & Pronunciation page 118 Grammar reference page 122 Listening Exam skills: Reading and Writin Consolidation 11 & 12 Irregular verblist page 128 www.frenglish.ru The alphabet С И Colours Listen a m e n a m e s a n d t h e cities Names О H a r jr _ _ _ Listen a n d w r i t e t h e c o l o u r s T b e n CO У b l a c k Cities 3» Put up your Close your boo Plural nouns H o w many? Find, count and write the plurals book | chair j child | computer ) door I man pencil j pen j phone j window | woman $ Listen I That's right Listen I Look at the picture Open your books I Look at the picture Work with a par That's wrong Work with a partr Put up your hand www.frenglish.ru A n s w e r i n g open cioze questions R e a d D a n n y ' s a n s w e r s in t h e exam task b e l o w H o w m a n y d i d he get right? H o w m a n y d i d he get w r o n g ? Complete the text about travelling to and from school Write O N E w o r d for each space n I live (0) ' a small town and my school is about eight kilometres away Most days I take the school bus It stops outside my house (1) (2) 7.30 every morning In the summer when the weather good, I usually cycle to school It's quicker (3) fh^M are the bus because the bus stops all the time The problem with the bike is when my school bag is too heavy Then it's (4) Sometimes I wake up late and (5) She doesn't like this (7) .becaHse W? s n fun H°f the school bus Mum takes me to school (6) W the car e needs to get to work, too Once I missed the bus home and I had to (8) :tired home It took me more than (9) hdfw hour to walk I don't want (10) that again Reading and writing tip : • Read the instructions carefully Underline the key words Words like circle, tick, choose and underline tell you how to complete the question Look for other important information, for example, Only write one word : • When you have finished, read your answers again Have you followed the instructions? Have you used the correct type of word (verb, noun, adjective, etc.)? Have you used the singular and plural forms correctly? Is your spelling correct? : Don't leave any gaps If you don't know the answer, guess! Put D a n n y ' s mistakes u n d e r t h e c o r r e c t h e a d i n g W r i t e t h e n u m b e r U s e d more than one w o r d U s e d the w r o n g t y p e of w o r d (adjective instead of verb) U s e d singular a n d plural forms incorrectly U s e d incorrect spelling C o r r e c t D a n n y ' s m i s t a k e s W r i t e the c o r r e c t w o r d s next to t h e n u m b e r s in E x e r c i s e C o m p l e t e t h e text a b o u t favourite h o l i d a y s W r i t e O N E w o r d for e a c h s p a c e My favourite holidays (0) holidays (2) a r ? the train Last year w e went (4) was a river and a lake and lots (6) by the sea is usually hotter (7) m ° u n t a i n s this year I'm (9) e beach t h beach holidays I like the sun (1) the sea I usually go on beach the summer with my family Sometimes Dad drives and sometimes w e (3) holiday in the countryside We stayed on (5) farm There fields, too It was OK but I prefer beach holidays The weather in the countryside Dad wants to (8) on holiday in the happy about that idea I don't want another year away (10) www.frenglish.ru CONSOLIDATION LISTENING VOCABULARY Listen to A r n i e a n d ( c i r c l e ) t h e c o r r e c t a n s w e r s your reasons safe How old is Arnie's brother? A eight В nine С ten В the lions motorbike plane В three С four Listen again a n d a n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s forest sea lake train river undergrc a break a good time photogra boat ferry taxi a mistake a shower a noise breakfast elephant horse field beach farm What two things does Arnie think zoo animals need? Yesterday I _ me tickets _ Her name'sjulie but I made I practise a lot and I'm getting after foot We went to the beach but I didn't swim - I think it's dangerou than yesterday, (bad) every day! I like having get clean again! The weather today is I'm really tired Let's take and have some coffee (good) many presents for my birthday, (not get) than jaguars? (big) — and called herjenny that film on T V last 10 Are tigers This party's great I'm having Sunday night? (see) I than the one on Friday, (difficult) you My mum doesn't like me riding my bike any noise, (not make) Yesterday's test was We went for a walk in the city She thinks it isn't _ to the cinema three times I arrived home late last night but I orth this morning The trees were very beaul My friends and I Shh! Don't make pretty bird will fly away some money on the street in For my last birthday, my parents U s e a w o r d o r p h r a s e f r o m Exercise 41< complete each sentence last weekend, (go) a mistake Why was Arnie sorry for the jaguars? for a concert, (give) homework What did Arnie think about the visit to the zoo? town, (find) shopping What was Arnie happy about? C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s with t h e c o r r e c t f o r m o f t h e Who took photographs at the zoo? w o r d s in b r a c k e t s helicopte Why did Arnie's family go to the zoo? GRAMMAR Chomewor С the tigers How many jaguars were there? A two clean a noun - the other two are adjective At the zoo, which animals scared Arnie's brother? A the elephants ( C i r c l e ) t h e o d d o n e o u t in e a c h list Expl ( А , В or C ) www.frenglish.ru DIALOGUE C o m p l e t e t h e d i a l o g u e w i t h t h e w o r d s a n d p h r a s e s in t h e list T h e r e a r e t w o extra w o r d s AH right better j came j cheaper could i couldn't j Did j lovely j made j Poor you j suddenly | What happened MIKE How was your weekend at the beach? MARIA Oh, awful Everything went wrong MIKE Oh, dear MARIA Well, first, we missed the train MIKE But you got there in the end? MARIA Oh, yes, we got there We always stay at the same hotel But it's very expensive, so this year ? Dad said: 'Let's stay at a that's because it's hotel.' I said, 'Dad! If our usual hotel is more expensive, than the cheaper ones.' The hotel was horrible! MIKE MARIA a lot of noise! , but what about the beach? _ he listen? No, he didn't sleep at all - there were cars outside all night They The beach there is really _ We like it a lot So we went there on the first day - but , it started to rain! We home a day early The weekend was well, it was horrible READING - : x The Lake District - there's nowhere more beautiful! Are you thinking about taking a break? Then think about going to the Lake District This lovely part of England has mountains, forests, rivers - and, of course, lakes! There aren't many more beautiful lakes in the world than Lake Windermere or Lake Grasmere and the others Some lakes have boat trips You spend an hour or two in the sun (in summer, anyway!), as you travel slowly along the lake There are small market towns like Ambleside and Windermere Some of the shops there are more expensive than the ones you see in the big towns and cities, but they're different and also m u c h nicer These small towns are safe, clean and very nice to visit The Lake District has lots of hotels and small bed-and-breakfast places The B&B places are cheaper but sometimes they're as good as hotels, or even more comfortable! It's easy to get to the Lake District Trains from London to Windermere take about three hours From Manchester it's even quicker: it's only one or two hours from there So, think about visiting the Lake District We're looking forward to seeing you here! Read the w e b p a g e M a r k t h e s e n t e n c e s T (true) or F (false) WRITING There are forests in the Lake District Lake Windermere and Lake Grasmere aren't in the Lake District [_ J a r e a that y o u know U s e the 't's possible to travel by boat on some of the lakes q u e s t i o n s to h e l p y o u W r i t e Ambleside is a big town You find the same shops in the Lake District that you find in big towns and cities The small towns in the Lake District are a bit dirty H ° t e l s there are more expensive than B&B places W r i t e a p a r a g r a p h a b o u t a nice - words • What is it called? » What are the good things about it? • What can people there? • How can you get there? Q www.frenglish.ru UNIT / h / or / w / iti question w o r d s C o m p l e t e t h e t a b l e w i t h t h e w o r d s in E x e r c i s e j a (cat) L o o k at t h e q u e s t i o n w o r d s T w o of t h e m start j I о angry w i t h t h e Ihl s o u n d a n d t h e o t h e r s start w i t h t h e j e (get) i (six) з jо (do; I / w / s o u n d W r i t e Ihl or / w / next to t h e w o r d s i i ! Why Iwl How Where u (bus) Who What When 11 Listen, check and repeat DMi M a t c h t h e w o r d s that s o u n d t h e s a m e UNIT Why How Where Listen, check and repeat s \ \ a now this / that b got с chair u n d e r l i n e d s o u n d s a n d (circle) t h e o d d s o u n d СЖЭ I these Who d then What e I those When f you Г Л Listen, check and repeat those Listen a n d r e p e a t T h e n look at t h e out \ I (bore' home that go sad late have them these please meet give like this sing UNIT hot cold know thos< Vowel sounds - adjectives wife this nice exciti these she get we famous that family hapf ГЛО i Listen a n d r e p e a t t h e a d j e c t i v e s - - — - - • j angry awful bored busy friendly funny happy hot sad thirsty worried j hungry 118 I ir (bird) TO or (for) O E B L i s t e n again, c h e c k a n d r e p e a t www.frenglish.ru PRONUNCIATION UNIT W o r d stress in numbers UNIT L o n g v o w e l sound / e i / 1 Ш Listen to t h e w o r d s a n d write t h e m in t h e СШЖ Listen to t h e s e w o r d s T h e y all contain t h e c o r r e c t c o l u m n a c c o r d i n g to t h e stress / e i / s o u n d U n d e r l i n e the s o u n d in e a c h w o r d eighteen | eighty I forty | fourteen | nineteen ninety | sixteen | sixty | thirty j thirteen break eight face great grey - oO - — • Oo eighteen eighty Listen again, c h e c k a n d r e p e a t make rainy say straight take 10 they 11 UNIT waiter C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s with t h e w o r d s in Present simple v e r b s - 3rd person E x e r c i s e 1 C o m p l e t e the table with the correct present s i m p l e t h i r d p e r s o n singular f o r m of t h e v e r b s in How you t h e list Is your grandmother the woman with the wavy eateh j eoek j choose j dance | help j look sing j teach j walk j wash j watch j wish | work | O n e syllable cooks I Clara a friendship band for her Let's birthday! i My little sister is years old These are my friends _ : like playing football with me j i \ ! I i that word in English? hair? T w o syllables catches say L ОШ Listen, check and repeat It's My father's a I brush my teeth and wash my today Let's go to the cinema at that restaurant every morning game! I like playing tennis It's a this book to your teacher? Can you Thank you 10 My hair's but my best friend's hair is curly 11 Put your books away It's time for a Listen, c h e c k a n d r e p e a t www.frenglish.ru UNIT Long vowel sound / э : / UNIT Intonation - listing items DSfi Ы Listen to t h e s e w o r d s T h e y all contain t h e s o u n d U n d e r l i n e the s o u n d in e a c h w o r d autumn daughter door forty important quarter short snowboarding sport a n d a NU to sh arm | Brazil | catch | coat j cooker | headphon< library I Russian ] rugby j jtme j spring j wife August C o m p l e t e t h e lists T h e n d r a w а w h e r e intonation rises a n d falls in e a c h list t ^ xk -Г March, April, May and _ son, daughter, husband and Japanese, British, 10 walk _ June and Turkish , skirt, socks and trousers 11 water C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s w i t h t h e w o r d s in snowboarding, gymnastics, golf and summer, watch, choose, throw and Exercise Please close the when you go out It's a beautiful day Let's go for a In door the leaves change to orange and it gets colder English is a very My birthday's on the fourth of The tall girl with the curly hair is my teacher's Jenny likes is volleyball I'm thirsty Can I have a glass of My hair is long but my friend's is 10 My first class at school starts at nine in the morning It's my father's birthday today He's years old I Australia, Scotland, body, _ 10 tablet, GPS, _ and Japan , leg and face ! Listen, check and repeat and laptop , 11 please? in the mountains in winter My favourite 11 , shower, fridge and armchair language , winter and autumn _ to Dill , restaurant, museum and bank Listen, check and repeat www.frenglish.ru PRONUNCIATION UNIT UNIT Intonation - giving two choices Short vowel sound / о / 1 ОШ C o m p l e t e t h e d i a l o g u e w i t h t h e w o r d s in the list T h e n listen a n d c h e c k WAITER Would you like salad o r WOMAN Salad, please • Chicken o r soup • ? WAITER I think I'll have with today - , please WAITER Would you like dessert? W O M A N Yes, please .—, (Circle) the o d d sound out chicken I chips j fish j ice cream pineapple | soup j tea j water W O M A N 11 • WAITER Cake o r WOMAN I'd prefer fruit - some , Would you like something to drink? WOMAN Yes, please - just some And a cup of meal Thank you could June put who room you woods pull fun son foot full jump move zoo good funny woolly sunny school room book push run bus couldn't country ОЕЯ Listen, check and repeat 12 W o r d stress - comparatives please WAITER shout house UNIT ? food 10 cousin cool W r i t e t h e c o m p a r a t i v e f o r m of t h e a d j e c t i v e s Underline the stressed syllable after the slow small quick 10 funny cheap 11 easy Past simple regular verbs fast 12 healthy cold 13 happy safe 14 far close 15 D r a w T- or 4- a b o v e t h e waiter's q u e s t i o n s Then listen, c h e c k a n d r e p e a t UNIT 10 Say t h e v e r b s in t h e list in t h e p a s t t e n s e a n d slower big hot d e c i d e if t h e y a r e o n e s y l l a b l e or t w o T h e n w r i t e the v e r b s in t h e c o r r e c t c o l u m n da-nee j hate j help | like | live need play j start j wait j walk I want j work *• I O n e syllable T w o syllables danced hated C t Listen, check and repeat C o m p l e t e t h e rule W e o n l y s a y / i d / w h e n t h e final s o u n d i n t h e w o r d i s a '— / о г а / / good Listen, check and repeat C o m p l e t e t h e rule W h e n a d d i n g - e r t o m a k e a c o m p a r a t i v e , t h e first I second s y l l a b l e is a l w a y s s t r e s s e d www.frenglish.ru R— AR R UNIT Question words UNIT to be (negative, singular and plural) 1 Q u e s t i o n s that begin with Who ask about a person / W e make the verb to be negative by adding no people Singular Who is he? j Plural He's the new teacher : I am not (I'm not) [ we are not (we are Q u e s t i o n s that begin with What ask about a thing / : you are not (you aren't) j you are not (you things they are not (they aren't) he/she/it is not (he/she/it isn't) What's that? It's a mobile phone I'm not Brazilian I'm Portuguese Q u e s t i o n s that begin with When ask about a time / He isn't late He's early! day / year / etc They aren't from Spain They're from Mexico When's the football match? to be (questions and short answers) It's at three o'clock T o make questions with to be, we put the verb b e f Q u e s t i o n s that begin with Where ask about a place the subject W e make short answers with Yes or Nc Where's Cambridge? subject + the verb to be W e don't use contracted i It's in the UK in positive short answers ( N O T : Yes, yot&e.) Q u e s t i o n s that begin with Why ask for a reason Yes, you are / No, you are : Am late? Why are you here? Because I want to see you Q u e s t i o n s that begin with How old ask about age She's sixteen to be T h e present simple of fo be is like this: ; Singular Plural I am we are you are you are j he/she/it is Yes, am / No, I'm not Is he a singer? Yes, he i s / No, he isn't j Is she fromjapan? How old is she? Are you American? I Y e s , she is / No, she isn't Are we right? Yes, we are / No, we aren' Are they French? Yes, they are / No, theyar O b j e c t pronouns O b j e c t pronouns come after a verb W e use th instead of nouns / like the film I like it i I love my sister I love her They are friends with you and me They are friends with us they are I like the girls at my school I like them In speaking and informal writing we use contracted (short) forms I'm, you're, he's, she's, it's, we're, they're I'm from Russia She's late We're hungry 122 T h e object pronouns are: I Subject;! Object me you he you him ishe lit ;we her it i us www.frenglish.ru G R A M M A R REFERENCE UNIT UNIT possessive's there \ W e use's after a noun to say w h o something Dad's room John's car Sandra's family the cat's bed my brother's friend your sister's school There's a small shop in our street There are two supermarkets near here There are lots of great shops in the town centre W e don't usually say the room of D a d , the car of There's a cat in the garden There's an old lady in the cafe There are nice shops in this street Is there a bank near here? There isn't a bank near here Are there any restaurants here? There aren't any restaurants here some / any Possessive adjective j \ you I she he it iwe ithey j W e use some in positive sentences W e use any in negative sentences a n d questions m ^ / these your his ! her .i / lour its ] I 7?iere are some nice trees in the park There aren't any places to play football here Are there any good shoe shops in the town? their _i J those We use this or these to point out things that are Imperatives close to us W e use that or those to point out things that are not close to us, or are close to other Look at this photograph - it's my sister These oranges aren't very nice That shop is a really good place for clothes We don't like those boys W e use t h e imperative to tell someone to d o something, or not to d o something people ^ W e use some a n d any with plural nouns Ibere are some good films on TV tonight There aren't any games on my tablet The possessive adjectives are: Subject 11 pronoun | In questions a n d negative sentences, we use alan with a singular noun a n d any with plural nouns My name's Joanne Is this your pen? He's my brother I'm his sister She's nice I like her smile! The cat isn't in its bed We love our house Are the students in their classroom? that In positive sentences, we use there's with a singular noun a n d there are with plural nouns W e use possessive adjectives before a noun to say this I There's is the short form of 77iere is In speaking a n d informal writing, we usually say There's who something belongs to There is (There's) a n d 7here are are used to say that something exists Possessive adjectives there ace belongs to John, e t c is i Come here! Don't open the door! The positive imperative is the same as the base form of the verb Turn right Open the window, please We use this or that with a singular noun W e use these or those with plural nouns this photograph these rooms that house those tables T h e negative imperative is f o r m e d with Don't and the base form of the verb Don't listen to him - he's wrong! Don't open the window - it's cold in here www.frenglish.ru UNIT Present simple UNIT \ have / has got (positive and negative) The present simple is used to talk about things that h a p p e n regularly or are usually true The verb have/has got is used to talk about thing that p e o p l e o w n : I've got a bicycle (= There is a bicycle and it is my bicycle.) / go to school at o'clock every day He's got a problem (= There is a problem and it is his probler She watches TV after school We play the piano They love chocolate ": : W e use have got with Hyou/we/they W e use has ( with he/she/it In speaking and informal writing, \ The present simple is usually the same as the base often use the short forms: Ve got I's got form, but we a d d -s with 3rd person singular ( h e / My mother's got black hair and blue eyes she//'r) My friends have got a nice cat / like pizza He likes pizza They live in London She lives in London We've got two fridges in our kitchen I 3 If the verb ends with o, sh, ch, ss, z or x, w e a d d - e s go-he goes I haven't got a tablet This town hasn't got a park finish - it finishes catch - she catches miss - it misses fix - he fixes The negative form is hasn't I haven't got They haven't got a car ; If the verb ends with a consonant + -y, t h e y changes to / and we a d d -es have I has got (questions) W e make questions with Has/Have + subject + carry - it carries study - he studies fly - it flies got Short answers use has/have or hasn't/haven't If the verb ends with a vowel + -y, it is regular R e m e m b e r that we don't use contracted forms in buy-she buys say-he says positive short answers (e.g N O T : Yes, ¥ve~) Have you got my book? A d v e r b s of frequency A d v e r b s of f r e q u e n c y tell us how often p e o p l e d o Yes, I have Has your father got brown hair? Yes, he has Has the shop got any new DVDs? No, it hasn't things A d v e r b s of f r e q u e n c y include: always usually often sometimes hardly ever never 0% 100% A d v e r b s of f r e q u e n c y come after the verb be, but Countable and uncountable nouns Nouns in English are countable or uncountable C o u n t a b l e nouns have a singular and a plural fo W e can count t h e m W e use a/an with the singu before other verbs nouns W e can use some with the plural nouns I'm always hungry in the morning He's got a house I usually have breakfast at 7.00 He's often tired There's an orange in He sometimes goes to bed early the fridge They're never late They hardly ever go on holiday He's got two houses There's a picture on my wall There are six pictures on my There are some oranges in the fridge U n c o u n t a b l e nouns are always singular - they haven't got a plural form W e can't count them, Present simple (negative) can use some with uncountable nouns The present simple negative is f o r m e d with don't (do / like music I like Japanese food not) or doesn't (does not) + base form of the v e r b / don't play tennis nouns My grandparents don't live with us NOT a bread Present simple (questions) Present simple questions are f o r m e d with Do I Does + subject + base form of the verb Do you like the film? Does Mike like shopping? Do I know you? Does she know the answer? Do your friends play Does your dog play with a ball? video games? 124 W e don't use alan or numbers with uncountabl She doesn't play football My brother doesn't live with us Let's listen to some music Let's eat some Japanese foot an information three works www.frenglish.ru G R A M M A R REFERENCE UNIT can (ability) UNIT Present continuous 1 W e use can/can't to talk about ability / can swim I can't drive a car He can play the guitar He can't sing Please be quiet - I'm watching a film They're in the dining room - they're having dinner Dad's in his office but he isn't working Hey Alex - are you listening to me? The form is canlcan't + the base form of the v e r b To make questions, we use Can + subject + the base simple of be + the -ing form of the main verb questions or negative forms.) Q u e s t i o n s and negatives are formed with the It's very small -1 can't read it (NOT: I don't can read it.) Can you play this game? (NOT: Do you can play this game?) question/negative form of be + the -ing form of the main v e r b I'm watching a film but I'm not enjoying it They're playing football but they aren't playing well Are you having a good time? Yes, we are Is she doing her homework? No, she isn't Short answers are Yes, can or No, can't Prepositions of time We use different prepositions to talk about time W e form the present continuous with the present form of the v e r b ( W e don't use do/does with can in Can he swim? Yes, he can Can you sing? No, I can't W e use the present continuous to talk about things that are h a p p e n i n g at the moment of speaking If the v e r b ends in - e , w e omit the e before adding -ing If the v e r b ends in a consonant + vowel + consonant, we d o u b l e the consonant before adding W i t h times of the day, we use at -ing School starts at eight o'clock The train leaves at seven thirty leave get We're leaving now It's getting dark - let's go home With months a n d seasons, we use in It always rains in December We play football in winter like I don't like + -ing W h e n w e use the verbs (don't) like, love, hate and another v e r b , we usually use the -ing form of the other With days of the w e e k , we use on / go to the cinema on Saturday There's a test at school on Monday verb We love living here I like dancing at parties She doesn't like listening to classical music They hate going to the theatre www.frenglish.ru UNIT must / mustn't W e use must/mustn't to talk about rules W e use must to say that it's necessary to d o U N I T 10 Past simple; was / wasn't; were / weren'} there was / were something It was a lovely day yesterday They were at school last Friday We must leave now You must go to the doctor W e use mustn't to say that it's necessary not to d o something W e use the past simple form of to be to talk abou actions a n d events in the past W e form the past simple of be like this: | Singular \ Plural You mustn't tell other people We mustn't be late i I was i we were T h e form is must/mustn't + the base form of the : you were \ you were verb W e don't use do/does in negative sentences j j they were You must ask me first I mustn't eat a lot of food at the party (NOT I don't must eat a lot of food at the party.) ! he/she/it was W e form the negative by adding not (was not, we not) In speaking and informal writing, w e almost always use the short forms wasn't and weren't can (asking for permission) I wasn't at home last night She wasn't at the party You weren't very happy yesterday They weren't with us at the concert W e often use Can I + verb to ask for permission (ask if it's O K ) to d o something Can I ask a question, please? Can I watch the match on TV now? W e use would ('d) + like to ask for something, or to offer something, in a nice way It is more polite than want I'd like a sandwich, please Would you like a dessert? There was a lot of rain yesterday There weren't any interesting programmes on TV last night Yes,youcan No, sorry, you can't I'm using it I'd like , / Would you like , ? I'd like is the short form of / would like W e almost always use it in speaking and informal writing T h e past simple of There is(n't) I There are(n't) is There was(n't) / There were(n't) W e use can or can't to give or refuse permission Can I use your phone? Past simple: Was he, ? / Were you,, ? W e form questions by putting the verb before the subject Were you late on Monday morning? Was she at the cinema with you? Past simple: regular verbs W e use the past simple to talk about actions anc events in the past / played video games yesterday They liked the film on Friday W i t h regular verbs, we form the past simple by a d d i n g - e d It is the same for all subjects He closed the window The film finished after midnight You phoned me three times last night We wanted to see them W h e n the v e r b e n d s in -e, w e only a d d -d Whei the v e r b e n d s in consonant + -y, we change thej a n d then w e a d d - e d We loved the concert on Sunday They studied for a long time before the test www.frenglish.ru G R A M M A R REFERENCE U N I T 11 Past simple: irregular verbs U N I T 12 Comparative adjectives 1 Many English verbs are irregular This means that the past simple forms are different - they don't have the usual - e d ending, for example: My sister is younger than me Australia is smaller than Brazil My new smartphone is better than the old one go - went make - made give - gave take - took put-put W e use the comparative form of the adjective + than to c o m p a r e two things W i t h short adjectives, we normally a d d -er new - newer quiet - quieter For every irregular verb, you n e e d to r e m e m b e r the past simple form T h e r e is a list of irregular verbs W i t h adjectives that e n d in - e , we j u s t a d d -r on page 128 nice - nicer fine-finer Past simple (negative) W i t h adjectives of two syllables that e n d with We form negatives in the past simple with didn't (did consonant + -y, we change t h e y to / and a d d -er not) and the base form of the v e r b It's the same for easy - easier healthy - healthier both regular a n d irregular verbs It's the same for all subjects talk like give go take make W i t h adjectives that e n d in consonant + vowel + I didn't talk You didn't like it She didn't give me a present He didn't go to town We didn't take any photographs They didn't make any money consonant, we d o u b l e the final consonant and a d d -er big - bigger hot-hotter Past simple (questions) syllables), we don't change the adjective - we put more in front of it We form questions in the past simple with Did + subject expensive - more expensive dangerous - more dangerous + the base form of the v e r b It's the same for all verbs (regular and irregular) and for all subjects see go take could Did I see you in town on Saturday? Did you the homework last night? Did your brother go to the same school? Did they take you to the theatre? the base form of a v e r b S o m e adjectives are irregular - this means they have a different comparative form good - better bad - worse far -further I couldn't To talk about ability in the past, we use could/couldn't + W i t h longer adjectives (i.e with two or more one I ones Hen / was small, I could walk on my hands We went to London but we couldn't go on the London Eye because it *as closed Sometimes w e don't want to repeat a noun W e can use one or ones in o r d e r not to repeat it The pizza was delicious -1 want another (pizza) one These shoes are very expensive -1 want cheaper (shoes) ones W e use one to replace a singular noun, and ones to replace a plural noun This red shirt is OK, but the blue one is nicer, (one replaces shirt) I don't want to play these old games - let's buy some new ones, (ones replaces games) www.frenglish.ru Base form Past simple be was i made bought i meet ; met could I а j paid began j catch caught РУ P i u t chose read /riid/ j come came ride j did ! draw drew > drink I drive I run I j put I read / r e d / rode j ran drank У see \ said drove send , sent а I saw i ! ate I sing i fall fell sit i sang ! feel J felt sleep j I find jfound j fly j go sat speak ! slept ! stand : spoke got • take ; stood \ gave i teach j took j flew et >g j give I went tell j taught ! think told I have j i hear I heard j keep I kept wake I understood j know i wear I woke I j knew write I wore ! learn 128 t I choose ! eat lit I light I make ; begin I buy i can Past simple Base f o r m leave had I learnt/learned : left j understand thought : wrote www.frenglish.ru THiNK Beyond Language Whether inside or outside the classroom, THiNK goes beyond building strong language skills to developing the whole learner - with an emphasis on critical thinking, values and self-esteem - ensuring academic and lifelong success THiNK y o u ' d like to learn m o r e ? 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