Lexiacl and syntactical stylistic devices in the novel ‘of mice and men’ by john steinbeck and its vietnamese version translated by hoang ngoc khoi

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY HUỲNH TRỌNG KIM AN INVESTIGATION INTO LEXICAL STYLISTIC DEVICES USED IN “OF MICE AND MEN” BY JOHN STEINBECK AND ITS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATED VERSION BY HỒNG NGỌC KHƠI Field:The English Language Code: 22 02 01 Supervisor: Assoc Prof Dr Nguyễn Tất Thắng BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƢỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN HUỲNH TRỌNG KIM NGHIÊN CỨU BIỆN PHÁP TU TỪ TỪ VỰNG ĐƢỢC SỬ DỤNG TRONG TÁC PHẨM “OF MICE AND MEN” CỦA JOHN STEINBECK VÀ BẢN DỊCH TIẾNG VIỆT CỦA HỒNG NGỌC KHƠI Chun ngành: Ngơn ngữ Anh Mã số: 22 02 01 Ngƣời hƣớng dẫn: PGS.TS Nguyễn Tất Thắng i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person‘s work has been used without the acknowledgement in the thesis Binh Dinh, 2021 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The completion of this study is the result of not only my efforts but also other assistance of individuals to whom I would like to express my special gratitude First and foremost, I am deeply grateful to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Dr Nguyễn Tất Thắng, who has supported me with his endless patience, thoughtful guidance and comprehensive advice during the whole period of the study Without his instructions, this thesis would have been impossible to be completed Secondly, I am also thankful to all the lecturers of the courses for their valuable lectures and experiences, which provide essential knowledge for this thesis Thirdly, my gratitude is devoted to my colleagues and close friends for their kind support and warm encouragement, without which I could not have overcome all the trouble during the fulfilment of this study Last but not least, my special thanks go to my beloved family for accompanying and giving me the strength to complete this study iii ABSTRACT This research paper aims at conducting a contrastive analysis of lexical stylistic devices used in the novel ―Of Mice and Men‖ by John Steinbeck and its Vietnamese translated version by Hồng Ngọc Khơi The data of the study were taken from this English work and its Vietnamese version Qualitative, quantitative approaches were used to describe and analyze lexical SDs used in the novel in English and its Vietnamese translation Some noticeable findings were found in the two languages First, there are seven lexical stylistic devices found in the English novel, orderly, metaphor, simile, allusion, hyperbole, irony, euphemism and metonymy They all contribute considerably to the creative worth and success of John Steinbeck‘s novel ―Of Mice and Men‖ In comparison between the English work and its Vietnamese translation, the distribution of their sub-types is quite the same in the two versions This indicates that the translation is well-translated based on the English version The minor differences between the English version and the translation are also presented in Chapter In Vietnamese, simile comes first, followed by hyperbole, irony, metaphor, allusion, euphemism, and metonymy These dissimilarities not change the original meaning of the novel in English; they just make the translation sound natural in Vietnamese and help readers to understand the novel easily By so doing, we hope to give a better understanding and appreciation of novels‘ artistry as well as contribute to better teaching and learning English as a foreign language And due to its limitation in lexical SDs, researchers can broaden the scope of their research by selecting other types of SDs, such as phonetic and syntactical SDs, and analyzing them all in one work to make their analysis more in-depth iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv ABBREVIATION AND CONVENTIONS vii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims and Objectives 1.2.1 Aims 1.2.2 Objectives 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Scope of the Study 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Organization of the Study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 Theoretical Background 2.1.1 General Notes on Stylistics 2.1.2 Stylistic Devices and Functions of Stylistic Devices 2.1.3 Classification of Stylistic Devices 2.1.4 Translation 23 2.1.5 The Author John Steinbeck and the novel ―Of Mice and Men‖ 27 2.2 Review of Previous Studies 29 v 2.3 Summary 33 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS 34 3.1 Research Design 34 3.2 Research Methods 34 3.2 Data Collection 35 3.3 Data Analysis 35 3.4 Research Procedure 35 3.5 Reliability and Validity 36 3.6 Summary 36 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 37 4.1 Lexical Stylistics Devices in English 37 4.1.1 Metaphor 38 4.1.2 Metonymy 44 4.1.3 Irony 46 4.1.4 Simile 48 4.1.5 Euphemism 56 4.1.6 Hyperbole 58 4.1.7 Allusion 64 4.1.8 Summary 69 4.2 Similarities and Differences of Lexical SDs in the English and the Vietnamese versions 69 4.2.1 Similarities and Differences of Metaphor in the English and the Vietnamese versions 71 4.2.2 Similarities and Differences of Metonymy in the English and the Vietnamese versions 73 4.2.3 Similarities and Differences of Irony in the English and the Vietnamese versions 75 vi 4.2.4 Similarities and Differences of Simile in the English and the Vietnamese versions 76 4.1.5 Similarities and Differences of Euphemism in the English and the Vietnamese versions 78 4.1.6 Similarities and Differences of Hyperbole in the English and the Vietnamese versions 79 4.2.7 Similarities and Differences of Allusion in the English and the Vietnamese versions 81 4.2.8 Loss and gain 82 4.3 Summary 88 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 89 5.1 Conclusions 89 5.2 Implications 91 5.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study 91 REFERENCES 93 APPENDIX TOPIC-ASSIGNING CERTIFICATE (Copy) vii ABBREVIATION AND CONVENTIONS a Abbreviation  Stylistic device: SD b Convention  (1) – (141): Data numbered from to 141  [E-1] – [E-118]: Data samples coded from E-1 to E-118 For example: (2) Lennie dabbled his big paw in the water and wiggled his fingers.[E-5]  This is the second example extracted from the English data which coded E-5  Bold words are used to indicate the markers of lexical SDs For example: (24) His huge companion dropped his blankets and flung himself down and drank from the surface of the green pool; drank with long gulps, snorting into the water like a horse [E-6]  The word ―like‖ is a marker of simile viii LIST OF TABLES Table Title number Page number Distribution of Lexical SDs in the novel ―Of Mice and 4.1 Men‖ by John Steinbeck 37 95 Shakil, R (2018) Unveiling Multiple Themes And Concerns: A Reading Of John Steinbeck‟s Of Mice And Men Short, M (1996) Exploring the Language of Poems, Plays and Prose London: Addison Wesley Longman Limited Taravat, R A (2018) Economy and Isolation : The Effects of Economy on Interpersonal Relationships in “ of Mice and Men.” Thi, P T P (2012) An investigation into commonly used stylistic devices in English and Vietnamese (M.A Thesis), Da Nang University, Da Nang Trang, T T T (2011) An investigation into stylistic devices commonly used in riddles: English vs Vietnamese (M.A Thesis), Da Nang University, Da Nang Tú, C Đ (1983) Phong cách học đặc điểm tu từ tiếng Việt Hà Nội: Đại học trung học chuyên nghiệp Ulrich, R (2018) The Horse : Beloved Metaphor of Your Favorite 19th Century Novelists Wales, K (2001) A Dictionary of Stylistics Longman WEBSITE http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3522550 [Retrieved July 15 th 2021] http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/weekinreview/09rosen.html [Retrieved July 15th 2021] http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/08/united-nations-report-urgesexpanding-world-heritage-sites-high-seas [Retrieved July 15th 2021] APPENDIX List of Lexical SDs in the novel “Of Mice and Men” by John Steinbeck CODE E-1 E-2 E-3 E-4 E-5 E-6 E-7 E-8 E-9 E-10 E-11 E-12 E-13 E-14 E-15 E-16 E-17 E-18 E-19 EXAMPLES ―Of Mice and Men‖ and beaten hard by tramps who come wearily down from the highway in the evening to jungle-up near water On the sand banks the rabbits sat as quietly as little gray, sculptured stones and he walked heavily, dragging his feet a little, the way a bear drags his paws Lennie dabbled his big paw in the water and wiggled his fingers snorting into the water like a horse ―You‘d drink out of a gutter if you was thirsty.‖ ―You remember settin‘ in that gutter on Howard Street and watchin‘ that blackboard?‖ You remember about us goin‘ into Murray and Ready‘s, and they give us work cards and bus tickets?‖ A light of understanding broke on Lennie‘s face ―That means we‘ll be bucking grain bags, bustin‘ a gut.‖ The sycamore limbs rustled under a little wind that died immediately I could live so easy and maybe have a girl.‖ I could get along so easy and so nice if I didn‘t have you on my tail A water snake slipped along on the pool, its head held up like a little periscope Slowly, like a terrier who doesn‘t want to bring a ball to its master ―I‘d pet ‗em, and pretty soon they bit my fingers and I pinched their heads a little and then they was dead-because they was so little The flame of the sunset lifted from the mountain A big carp rose to the surface of the pool, gulped air, and then sank mysteriously into the dark water SDS Allusion PAGE Allusion Simile Metaphor Metaphor Simile Hyperbole Allusion Allusion Metaphor Hyperbole Hyperbole Irony Irony Simile Simile 10 Hyperbole 11 Metaphor 11 Allusion 12 CODE E-20 E-21 E-22 E-23 E-24 E-25 E-26 E-27 E-28 E-29 E-30 E-31 E-32 EXAMPLES again, leaving widening rings on the water A dove‘s wings whistled over the water I wish I could put you in a cage with about a million mice an‘ let you have fun His anger left him suddenly George still stared morosely at the fire ―When I think of the swell time I could have without you, I go nut I never get no peace.‖ ―When I think of the swell time I could have without you, I go nuts I never get no peace.‖ ―You keep me in hot water all the time.‖ ―Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world‖ ―Red and blue and green rabbits, Lennie Millions of ‗em.‖ ―‗Cause I can jus‘ as well go away, George, an‘ live in a cave.‖ ‖You can jus‘ as well go to hell,‖ said George ―Shut up now.‖ ―What the hell kind of bed you giving us, anyways We don‘t want no pants rabbits.‖ and in and out of the beam flies shot like rushing stars He leaned over and inspected the sacking closely Immediately Lennie got up and did the same with his bed ―His name‘s Lennie Small.‖ SDS PAGE Allusion 12 Hyperbole 13 Hyperbole 13 Irony 13 Irony 13 Metaphor 13 Hyperbole 15 Irony 18 Irony 18 Metaphor 19 Simile 19 Hyperbole 20 Irony 22 Simile 23 Metaphor 24 Irony 25 Metaphor 27 E-36 ―Strong as a bull,‖ You was gonna leave your big flapper shut and leave me the talkin‘ ―Well, that was a lie An‘ I‘m damn glad it was If I was a relative of yours I‘d shoot myself.‖ ―Say, what the hell‘s he got on his shoulder? E-37 He done quite a bit in the ring Metonymy 27 E-38 ―Well, I think Curley‘s married a tart.‖ Euphemism 29 E-39 Metaphor 29 Metaphor 29 E-41 ―Well she got the eye.‖ ―Yeah? Married two weeks and got the eye? Maybe that‘s why Curley‘s pants is full of ants.‖ and the flies whipped through it like sparks Simile 30 E-42 ―Well, that won‘t you no good if Curley wants to Metaphor 31 E-33 E-34 E-35 E-40 CODE EXAMPLES plug himself up for a fighter.‖ SDS PAGE E-43 Her hair in little rolled clusters, like sausages Simile 32 E-44 ―Yeah, and she‘s sure hidin‘ it.‖ ―An‘ I bet he‘s eatin‘ raw eggs and writin‘ to the patent medicine houses.‖ ―I seen ‗em poison before,‖but I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her You leave her be.‖ ―Well, you keep away from her, ‗cause she‘s a rattrap if I ever seen one.‖You let Curley take the rap.‖ He was capable of killing a fly on the wheeler‘s butt with a bull whip without touching the mule There was a gravity in his manner and a quiet so profound that all talk stopped when he spoke ―I don‘t know why Maybe ever‘body in the whole damn world is scared of each other.‖ I can smell that dog a mile away Slim reached up over the card table and turned on the tin-shaded electric light Instantly the table was brilliant with light, and the cone of the shade threw its brightness straight downward You know how the hands are, they just come in and get their bunk and work a month George looked over at Slim and saw the calm, Godlike eyes fastened on him ―I ain‘t got no people,‖ ―He ain‘t mean,‖ said Slim ―I can tell a mean guy a mile off.‖ ―Well, that girl rabbits in an‘ tells the law she been raped.‖ ―Darker‘n hell in here,‖ he said I don‘t know nothing that stinks as bad as an old dog He reached over and patted the ancient dog ―I‘ll put the old devil out of his misery right now and get it over with.‖ ―Well, ain‘t she a looloo?‖ ‗I‘ve knew people that if they got a rag rug on the floor an‘ a kewpie doll lamp on the phonograph they think they‘re running a parlor house.‖ Irony 33 Allusion 34 Metaphor 34 Metaphor 34 Hyperbole 35 Hyperbole 35 Hyperbole 36 Hyperbole 37 Hyperbole 39 Metonymy 40 Metaphor 41 Metonymy 41 Hyperbole 43 Metaphor 43 Hyperbole 45 Hyperbole 45 Hyperbole 45 Metaphor 48 Allusion 52 Allusion 53 E-45 E-46 E-47 E-48 E-49 E-50 E-51 E-52 E-53 E-54 E-55 E-56 E-57 E-58 E-59 E-60 E-61 E-62 E-63 CODE E-65 EXAMPLES She ain‘t rushin‘ guys through and kickin‘ ‗em out if they don‘t want a flop ―Curley‘s got yella-jackets in his drawers.‖ E-66 ―She‘s a jailbait all set on the trigger‖ Metaphor 53 E-67 ―An‘ Curley‘s pants is just crawlin‘ with ants.‖ An‘ she says, ‗There‘s guys around here walkin‘ bow-legged ‗cause they like to look at a kewpie doll lamp.‖‗ ―Don‘t let no googoos in, neither.‖ Metaphor 53 Allusion 54 Euphemism 54 Euphemism 54 Allusion 55 Euphemism 57 Hyperbole 60 Metaphor 61 Simile 63 Metaphor 64 E-77 Clara gets three bucks a crack.‖ An‘ Curley‘s handy, God damn handy Got in the finals for the Golden Gloves ―These here jail baits is just set on the trigger of the hoosegow.‖ George was on guard immediately ―S‘pose I do,‖ he said ―What‘s that to you?‖ ―They‘ll can me purty soon Jus‘ as soon as I can‘t swamp out no bunk house they‘ll put me on the county.‖ ―You‘re yella as a frog belly.‖ Then Curley attacked his stomach and cut off his wind Curley stepped over to Lennie like a terrier Simile 64 E-78 ―Looks to me like ever‘ bone in his han‘ is bust.‖ Hyperbole 65 E-79 Simile 65 Simile 68 Irony 70 E-82 Curley was flopping like a fish on a line His body was bent over to the left by his crooked spine, and his eyes lay deep in his head, and because of their depth seemed to glitter with intensity ―Long as you won‘t get out and leave me alone, you might as well set down.‖ You‘re crazy as a wedge Simile 70 E-83 They‘ll take ya to the booby hatch Allusion 73 E-84 They‘ll tie ya up with a collar, like a dog ―I seen hundreds of men come by on the road an‘ on the ranches, ―Sure,‖ said Crooks ―And a manure pile under the window Sure, it‘s swell.‖ Nobody never gets to heaven, and nobody gets no Simile 73 Hyperbole 74 Irony 75 Hyperbole 75 E-64 E-68 E-69 E-70 E-71 E-72 E-73 E-74 E-75 E-76 E-80 E-81 E-85 E-86 E-87 SDS PAGE Euphemism 53 Metaphor 53 CODE EXAMPLES SDS PAGE Euphemism 76 Irony 78 Allusion 79 Allusion 80 Irony 80 Allusion 81 Hyperbole 81 Simile 81 Metaphor 82 Simile 82 Simile 84 Metonymy 88 Allusion 89 Irony 90 Simile 90 land E-102 ―You‘ll be a swamper here till they take you out in a box.‖ ―Sure I gotta husban‘ You all seen him Swell guy, ain‘t he?‖ You bindle bums think you‘re so damn good ―Maybe you just better go along an‘ roll your hoop.‖ ―O.K., Machine I‘ll talk to you later I like machines.‖ ―I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain‘t even funny.‖ Crooks had reduced himself to nothing Crooks seemed to grow smaller, and he pressed? himself against the wall Crooks seemed to come slowly out of the layers of protection he bad put on Crooks seemed to come slowly out of the layers of protection he bad put on The hay came down like a mountain slope to the other end of the barn ―An‘ a guy tol‘ me he could put me in pitchers.‖ ―When they had them previews I coulda went to them, an‘ spoke in the radio‖ Lennie said, ―Oh! That‘s nice,‖ and he stroked harder ―Oh, that‘s nice.‖ ―His hair is jus‘ like wire.‖ E-103 and her body flopped like a fish Simile 91 E-104 For a moment he seemed bewildered The curls, tiny little sausages, were spread on the hay behind her head, and her lips were parted Now her rouged cheeks and her reddened lips made her seem alive and sleeping very lightly his face was as hard and tight as wood ―I‘ll work my month an‘ I‘ll take my fifty bucks an‘ I‘ll stay all night in some lousy cat house‖ I think I knowed from the very first I think I knowed we‘d never her Carlson said, ―I‘ll get my Luger,‖ and he ran out Simile 91 Metaphor 92 Simile 92 Simile 93 Euphemism 94 Metaphor 94 Metonymy 96 E-88 E-89 E-90 E-91 E-92 E-93 E-94 E-95 E-96 E-97 E-98 E-99 E-100 E-101 E-105 E-106 E-107 E-108 E-109 E-110 CODE EXAMPLES SDS PAGE Metaphor 98 Simile 98 Metaphor 99 Simile 99 Simile 99 Allusion 105 Irony 106 Metaphor 107 too E-111 E-112 E-113 E-114 E-115 E-116 E-117 E-118 A water snake glided smoothly up the pool, twisting its periscope head from side to side A far rush of wind sounded and a gust drove through the tops of the trees like a wave The light climbed on out of the valley, and as it went, the tops of the mountains seemed to blaze with increasing brightness and he came as silently as a creeping bear moves the tops of the mountains seemed to blaze with increasing brightness And George raised the gun and steadied it, and he brought the muzzle of it close to the back of Lennie‘s head The hand shook violently, but his face set and his hand steadied He pulled the trigger George shivered and looked at the gun, and then he threw it from him, back up on the bank, near the pile of old ashes ―Now what the hell ya suppose is eatin‘ them two guys?‖ List of Lexical SDs in the Vietnamese translated version CODE V-1 V-2 V-3 V-4 V-5 V-6 V-7 V-8 V-9 V-10 V-11 EXAMPLES ―Của Chuột Người‖ Hắn bước nặng nề, lê chân gấu Trên bãi cát ven bờ, lũ thỏ ngồi im lặng giống tượng nhỏ màu xám tạc vào đá Hắn uống ngụm lớn, thở phì phì nước ngựa Ngữ mày lúc khát, nước cống mày uống Mày có nhớ hơm hai đứa ngơi lề đường Heward Street, chăm nhìn bảng đen khơng? Nói mặc xác tao Mày có nhớ vào sở Murray and Ready chúng cho hai làm việc thẻ xe buýt không? Trên mặt Lennie thống vẻ đắc chí Như vậy, nghĩa có thóc để khiêng phải làm mửa mật Đêm tao thích ngả lưng chỗ Tao sống thong dong, tao cưới vợ Nếu tao khơng bị vướng víu mày đời tao SDS Allusion Simile PAGE Simile Simile Hyperbole Allusion Allusion Metaphor Hyperbole Irony Irony 9 CODE EXAMPLES SDS PAGE Metaphor Simile Simile 10 Simile 10 Allusion 11 Allusion 11 Hyperbole 12 Hyperbole Metaphor 12 12 Irony 13 Irony 13 Irony 13 Hyperbole 14 Irony 17 Simile 18 Simile 18 Irony Simile Irony Simile 21 21 24 25 Simile 29 Simile 31 Allusion 33 thản V-12 V-13 V-14 V-15 V-16 V-17 V-18 V-19 V-20 V-21 V-22 V-23 V-24 V-25 V-26 V-27 V-28 V-29 V-30 V-31 V-32 V-33 V-34 Những cành sung rên rỉ duới gió nhẹ lặng tắt Một rắn uốn nước, đầu ngẩng lên kính tiềm vọng Lennie chó săn khơng muốn trả mồi cho chủ Tay George chìa hiệu lệnh Một cá chép lớn quẫy lên mặt nước, cành lại bắt đầu rung động búp liễu bay lả tả xuống mặt sông Có tiếng chim gáy vỗ cánh mặt nước Uớc tao nhốt mày chuồng với hàng triệu chuột để mày vuốt ve cho đời Cơn giận George dịu xuống Tao vướng vào mày, nghiệp báo lúc gỡ Thật điên đầu tao nghĩ tao thỏa thuê khơng vướng mày Tao có phút n đâu! Mày muốn đâu kệ xác mày Thơi câm miệng mà ngủ Dân cày ta tứ cố vơ thân Ừ! Mình mua đủ màu; màu đỏ, màu lục, màu xanh Lúc khoảng mười sáng Qua cửa sổ hỏng, mặt trời chiếu hắt vào vệt sáng vẩn bụi Đàn ruồi bay qua tia nắng đổi Lão nhấc tay phải lên, cổ tay cụt, tròn mẫu gỗ lòi từ ống tay áo, stick-like wrist, but no hand Lennie Small Khỏe vâm Nếu tao bà với mày tao tự Hắn nhìn George Lennie mặt lạnh tiền Khung nắng vuông chiếu lên sân đàn ruồi bay qua bay lại đốm sáng tóc bng xuống xoắn chùm lạp xường nhỏ Đàn ông, đàn ang mà mang găng đầy kem Tao CODE V-35 V-36 V-37 V-38 V-39 V-40 V-41 V-42 V-43 V-44 V-45 V-46 V-47 V-48 V-49 V-50 V-51 V-52 V-53 V-54 V-55 V-56 EXAMPLES thằng tẩm bổ trứng sống chạy rông hỏi khắp hiệu thuốc tây Thứ rắn độc này, tao thấy nhiều chưa tao thấy thứ Thế mặc lịng, mày đừng xán lại gần nó, cạm bẫy người Để thằng Curley chui vào đủ Nó muốn vậy Chỉ quật roi giết chết ruồi mông lừa mà không đụng tới chân lơng vật Trong dáng điệu có vẻ trang trọng bình thản sâu đậm tới mức mà tới đâu làm người im lặng tiếng Cách dặm ngửi thấy mùi chó Slim với tay lên bàn đánh bật đèn có chụp sắt tây Tức thì, mặt bàn sáng lên ánh sáng từ chụp hình nón chiếu thẳng xuống góc phịng tối om George nhìn Slim bắt gặp luồng nhỡn thần chiếu vào Đứa bậy bạ, xa dặm nhận Trong tối âm ty Không thấy mùi chó già lời Slim có tính cách hiệu lệnh Nếu cha khơng thích ngủ với em út Đó bẫy giương sẵn cho cha khối vơ khám Y thằng Curley chứa bom nhà chưa nổ Curley nhắng lên đỉa phải vôi tới chưa xảy chuyện Lại nữa, mụ ta khơng tiếp tụi chệt Bên phải ba đồng quắn George trang máy Còn thứ cạm bẫy sẵn sàng mà vào ngồi khám George lấy phòng vệ Mày nhát cáy Curley sấn lại gần Lennie chó SDS PAGE Metaphor 33 Metaphor 33 Hyperbole 34 Hyperbole 34 Hyperbole 36 Hyperbole 38 Metaphor 40 Hyperbole 41 Hyperbole Hyperbole Simile Euphemism 43 44 45 52 Euphemism 52 Metaphor 52 Simile 52 Euphemism Euphemism Simile 53 53 55 Metaphor 56 Hyperbole Simile Simile 58 62 62 CODE V-57 V-58 V-59 V-60 V-61 V-62 V-63 V-64 V-65 V-66 V-67 V-68 V-69 V-70 V-71 V-72 V-73 V-74 V-75 V-76 V-77 EXAMPLES Curley gục xuống cá đầu cần câu nắm tay bị thu gọn bàn tay to lớn Lennie Phải đưa bác sĩ Như xương vụn mảnh Coi anh không muốn để yên mà, ngồi xuống Rồi đó, tụi trói vào dây xích, chó Tơi thấy hàng trăm người lang thang dọc đường hay lăn lóc trại với tay nải lưng chừng mộng tưởng đầu Có trăm người Chẳng có lên thiên đường chẳng có kiếm miếng vườn Đã hẳn rồi, cửa sổ lại có đống phân Hẳn khoái Bác làm tớ mãn kiếp người ta bỏ vào áo quan Hẳn tơi có chồng Các người biết Chồng với chiền, hừ! Biết liệu hồn mày đấy, đồ Tao muốn họ treo cổ mày lên dễ ợt chẳng có thích thú hết Mà máy gì? Được tơi nói chuyện với sau Tơi thích máy Crooks số khơng Crooks khỏi dần đần lớp vỏ bao bọc mà lúc ẩn nấp vào Crooks thu nhỏ người lại nép vào tường Crooks khỏi dần đần lớp vỏ bao bọc mà lúc ẩn nấp vào Trời, vợ Curley chuồn nhanh gió Đống cỏ đổ xi phía đầu sườn núi khoảng trống để dành chỗ chứa rơm mùa tới Buổi mắt phim, tơi mời xem, nói rađiơ mà khơng tốn đồng tơi diễn xuất mà Ồ, thiệt mềm - Và vuốt mạnh - Ồ thiệt mềm Tóc dây thép Lúc chải đầu, vuốt sợi tóc SDS PAGE Simile 63 Hyperbole 64 Irony 68 Simile 71 Hyperbole 73 Hyperbole 73 Irony 74 Euphemism 75 Irony 77 Allusion 79 Irony 79 Metaphor 79 Metaphor 79 Simile 79 Simile 80 Simile 81 Simile 83 Allusion 87 Irony 89 Simile Simile 89 89 CODE EXAMPLES SDS PAGE Và, người ả rơi xuống đống thịt Đôi má thoa phấn, đôi môi bơi son làm cho ả cịn sống động Mặt cau lại, cứng gỗ mắt nghiêm nghị Tôi lấy Luger đỉnh núi sáng cháy hồng Đầu nó, kính viễn vọng nhỏ, quay sang phải sang trái Một tràng súng dội lại từ xa gió lay động chịm đợt sóng Nó tiến lên, lút gấu bò Và George, nhấc súng lên, giữ chặt gí nịng súng vào gáy Lennie George rùng nhìn súng, lơi quăng đằng sau thật xa bờ, gần đống tro cũ Simile 90 Simile 91 Simile 92 Metonymy Metaphor 95 98 Simile 98 Simile 98 Simile 98 Allusion 105 Irony 105 mềm tơ V-78 V-79 V-80 V-81 V-82 V-83 V-84 V-85 V-86 V-87 List of Losses in Translation of Lexical SDs in the novel “Of Mice and Men” by John Steinbeck into Vietnamese CODE SDS L-1 Allusion L-2 Metaphor L-3 Hyperbole L-4 Metaphor L-5 Metaphor ENGLISH and beaten hard by tramps who come wearily down from the highway in the evening to jungleup near water Lennie dabbled his big paw in the water and wiggled his fingers "I'd pet 'em, and pretty soon they bit my fingers and I pinched their heads a little and then they was dead-because they was so little The flame of the sunset lifted from the mountain ―What the hell kind of bed you giving us, anyways We don‘t want no pants rabbits.‖ VIETNAMESE PAGE kẻ lữ hành buổi chiều mệt nhọc từ đường quan xuống dừng chân tạm nghỉ ven sông Lennie nhúng hẳn tay xuống khuấy nước làm bắn bọt lên Tôi vuốt ve chúng chúng cắn tay thành nắm chặt đầu chúng chút 11 Các tia nắng cuối biến đỉnh đồi 11 Nằm rận gián cắn chết 18 CODE L-6 L-7 L-8 L-9 L-10 L-11 L-12 L-13 L-14 L-15 L-16 SDS ENGLISH He leaned over and inspected the sacking Hyperbole closely Immediately Lennie got up and did the same with his bed You was gonna leave Metaphor your big flapper shut and leave me the talkin‘ ―Say, what the hell‘s he Metaphor got on his shoulder? He done quite a bit in the Metonymy ring Metaphor ―Well she got the eye.‖ ―Yeah? Married two weeks and got the eye? Metaphor Maybe that‘s why Curley‘s pants is full of ants.‖ ―Well, I think Curley‘s Euphemism married a tart.‖ ―Well, that won‘t you no good if Curley wants Metaphor to plug himself up for a fighter.‖ ―Yeah, and she‘s sure Irony hidin‘ it.‖ ―I don‘t know why Maybe ever‘body in the Hyperbole whole damn world is scared of each other.‖ You know how the hands are, they just come in and Metonymy get their bunk and work a month L-17 Metonymy L-18 Metaphor L-19 Hyperbole L-20 Metaphor ―I ain‘t got no people,‖ ―Well, that girl rabbits in an‘ tells the law she been raped.‖ He reached over and patted the ancient dog ―I‘ll put the old devil out VIETNAMESE Lennie vội đứng dậy làm hệt Tao đinh ninh mày câm họng lại tao lựa lời ăn nói Cụ thằng mắc dịch bị PAGE 19 23 26 Nó có học quyền Anh 26 Hừ, ả bốc 28 Có phải mà thằng Curley hay khùng gì? 28 Hừ, tơi nghĩ Curley vớ phải điếm 29 Nếu bốc đồng muốn đấu võ với mày chẳng có lợi cho mày 30 Đẹp, đẹp Có phơi hết 33 Có lẽ gian khốn khổ này, người ta ngờ vực 35 Anh cịn lạ dân làm th mà 39 Tơi chẳng có gia đình thân thích 40 Rồi ranh chạy 41 Lão chìa tay vuốt ve chó già tơi làm cho hết khổ 44 47 CODE SDS L-21 Allusion L-22 Allusion L-23 L-24 Allusion Allusion L-25 Metaphor L-26 Metaphor L-27 Simile L-28 Simile L-29 Allusion L-30 Allusion L-31 Metonymy L-32 Allusion ENGLISH of his misery right now and get it over with.‖ ―Well, ain‘t she a looloo?‖ ‗I‘ve knew people that if they got a rag rug on the floor an‘ a kewpie doll lamp on the phonograph they think they‘re running a parlor house.‖ An‘ she says, ‗There‘s guys around here walkin‘ bow-legged ‗cause they like to look at a kewpie doll lamp.‖‗ An‘ Curley‘s handy, God damn handy Got in the finals for the Golden Gloves ―They‘ll can me purty soon Jus‘ as soon as I can‘t swamp out no bunk house they‘ll put me on the county.‖ Then Curley attacked his stomach and cut off his wind his eyes lay deep in his head, and because of their depth seemed to glitter with intensity VIETNAMESE tức Vậy cô ả chưa tới lân la sao? Tơi biết có chỗ trải thảm nhà kiếm đèn hàng mã ba xu, đặt máy hát đủ để rêu rao mở phịng trà.‖ 51 52 ―Có nhiều tướng chân khệnh khạng chữ bát thích nhìn thứ đèn hàng mã đấy!‖ 52 Nó vào chung kết quyền Anh đội Găng vàng 54 Chừng tơi khơng cịn làm lụng, dọn dẹp chúng đuổi nhà tế bần 60 Curley liền thụi vào mạng mỡ làm đứt thở 63 Mắt y sâu hoắm, sáng quắc 66 Anh khùng hết chỗ nói They‘ll take ya to the Tụi lơi cổ vào booby hatch nhà thương điên Coi mặt mũi đám kìa, You bindle bums think ngu đần thấy mẹ mà you‘re so damn good tưởng trời ―An‘ a guy tol‘ me he Có người cịn tính cho tơi could put me in pitchers.‖ đóng xi nê ―Maybe you just better Cơ nên ngồi chơi go along an‘ roll your nhảy dây hoop.‖ You're crazy as a wedge PAGE 68 71 77 77 78 CODE L-33 L-34 L-35 L-36 L-37 L-38 SDS ENGLISH For a moment he seemed Simile bewildered The curls, tiny little sausages, were spread on Metaphor the hay behind her head, and her lips were parted ―I‘ll work my month an‘ I‘ll take my fifty bucks Euphemism an‘ I‘ll stay all night in some lousy cat house" I think I knowed from the very first I think I Metaphor knowed we‘d never her the tops of the mountains Simile seemed to blaze with increasing brightness ―Now what the hell ya Metaphor suppose is eatin‘ them two guys?‖ VIETNAMESE Nó kinh hoảng lát PAGE 90 Tóc xoắn lại chùm nhỏ li ti trải cỏ đầu 91 Làm hết tháng hè, lãnh năm chục đồng chơi điếm suất đêm 93 Suốt đời suốt kiếp mà có 93 lúc đỉnh núi sáng cháy hồng Tụi chúng thắc mắc chuyện nhỉ, cậu biết không? 98 106 List of Gains in Translation of Lexical SDs in the novel “Of Mice and Men” by John Steinbeck into Vietnamese CODE G-1 G-2 G-3 G-4 G-5 ENGLISH He pointed with his right arm, and out of the sleeve came a round stick-like wrist, but no hand He glanced coldly at George and then at Lennie Almost automatically George shuffled the cards and laid out his solitaire hand Jesus Christ, Curley's wife can move quiet When I‘m doin‘ my hair sometimes I jus‘ set an‘ stroke it ‗cause it‘s so soft VIETNAMESE SDS PAGE Lão nhấc tay phải lên, cổ tay cụt, tròn mẫu gỗ lòi từ ống tay áo, Simile 18 Hắn nhìn George Lennie mặt lạnh tiền Simile 25 George trang máy Simile 55 Trời, vợ Curley chuồn nhanh gió Simile 81 Lúc chải đầu, vuốt sợi tóc mềm tơ Simile 89 CODE G-6 G-7 ENGLISH George's hand remained outstretched imperiously Candy looked helplessly at him, for Slim's opinions were law VIETNAMESE Tay George chìa hiệu lệnh lời Slim có tính cách hiệu lệnh SDS PAGE Simile 10 Simile 45 ... Metonymy in the novel ―Of Mice and 4.1.2 4.1.3 Men‖ by John Steinbeck Distribution of Irony in the novel ―Of Mice and Men‖ by John Steinbeck 4.1.4 Distribution of Simile in the novel ―Of Mice and. .. and Men‖ by John Steinbeck 4.1.5 Distribution of Euphemism in the novel ―Of Mice and Men‖ by John Steinbeck 4.1.6 Distribution of Hyperbole in the novel ―Of Mice and Men‖ by John Steinbeck 4.1.7... replaced in the TL context‖ 2.1.5 The Author John Steinbeck and the novel “Of Mice and Men” 2.2.3.1 The Author John Steinbeck John Steinbeck was an American novelist who won the Nobel and Pulitzer