Tài liệu đề cập đến lí thuyết về khái niệm, quy trình, kỹ năng biên dịch. Đặc điểm và khó khăn khi biên dịch các bài bình luận, xã luận trên trang The Saigon Times. Đề xuất các giải pháp giúp sinh viên và người học khắc phục, cải thiện và nâng cao kĩ năng biên dịch.
THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH - - GRADUATION PAPER DIFFICULTIES IN ENGLISH – VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF COMMENTARIES AND EDITORIALS ON THE SAIGON TIMES OF THIRD – YEAR ENGLISH MAJORED STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITY Hanoi, 2021 ABSTRACT English is the most popular language in the world There are 146 countries use English and Vietnam as well Vietnam is one of the countries which use English as the second language and as a result, English has adopted as one of the most important subjects in many schools Importantly, the four English skills including listening, speaking, reading and writing are essential for all English learners of all ages In addition, a high skill that also plays a crucial role is translation People use translation to exchange information, news, culture, literature, science, art, economy, commerce and many other fields Translation also facilitates communication and broadens the horizons of people from different cultures Recognizing the importance of translation, the subject of translation has become a basic subject for students of the English Faculty at Thuongmai University in particular and universities in general In fact, translation is an advanced skill, so it is not an easy subject for learners to learn and practice Therefore, as a student of English majored at Thuongmai University, after years of learning and having experienced a wide range of difficulties in studying translation the researcher decided to choose the research topic “Difficulties in English – Vietnamese translation of commentaries and editorial on the Saigon Times of third-years English majored students at Thuongmai University” This study aims primarily at showing the reasons and the common difficulties encountered by students of the English majored Based on these difficulties, the researcher also proposes some solutions with the hope of helping students gain experience to improve and enhance their translation skills The real data is collected by the researcher through three data collection instruments: questionnaires, translation exercises and interviews The research results show the appreciation of the importance of English majoring students' translation skills and the need to improve this skill The researcher hopes that the new findings of the study will be useful not only for students majoring in English at the Thuongmai University, but also for all students and people who have a great interest in learning English i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the time from the beginning of the graduation paper to the present, I have received directly or indirectly the attention, advice and help of my supervisor, teachers and friends around First of all, I would like to express my deepest thank to my supervisor Nguyen Thi Xuan Phuong, M.A for her constructive, advice, comments, suggestions, assistance as well as motivation and enthusiasm which were decisive factors to the completion of my study I also would like to send my gratitude towards all lecturers at Thuongmai University for their efforts and dedication to teaching valuable knowledge and conveying experience Last but not least, I would like to take the opportunities to send my appreciation for the cooperation from my friend and participants who gave support to help me conduct the surveys Thanks to their help, my graduation paper could be completed and successful During the time of doing the graduation paper, I had some shortcomings and my knowledge was still limited Therefore, I would like to receive more comments and advise from my supervisor and teachers Thank you sincerely! Hanoi, 24th December, 2021 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vi LIST OF TABLES, DIAGRAMS AND FIGURES vii TABLES AND DIAGRAMS vii FIGURES vii CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Previous studies 1.3 Aims of the study 1.4 Research Subjects 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Research methodology 1.7 Organization CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 11 2.1 Overview of English-Vietnamese translation 11 2.1.1 General introduction 11 2.1.2 Definition of translation 11 2.1.2 Process of translation 11 2.2 Translation methods 12 2.2.1 Word-for-word translation 13 2.2.2 Literal translation 13 2.2.3 Faithful translation 14 iii 2.2.4 Semantic translation 14 2.2.5 Adaptation 14 2.2.6 Free translation 15 2.2.7 Idiomatic translation 15 2.2.8 Communicative translation 15 2.3 Difficulties in translation 16 2.3.1 Title translation 16 2.3.2 Proper name translation 17 2.3.3 Acronym translation 17 2.3.4 Terminology translation 17 2.3.5 Choosing words that appropriate the style and context 17 2.3.6 Cultural differences between regions and countries 18 2.4 Overview of Editorials and Commentaries 18 2.4.1 Editorials 18 2.4.2 Commentaries 18 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH FINDINGS 20 3.1 Description of the Respondents 20 3.2 Results from the survey questionnaires 20 3.2.1 Students’ attitude towards translation skills 20 3.2.2 Discovery of common Translation difficulties made by English majored students at Thuongmai University 23 3.2.3 Reasons and suggested solutions for the students 28 3.3 Translation exercises 30 3.4 Results from the interviews 34 3.4.1 Interview question 1………………………………………………… 34 3.4.2 Interview question 2………………………………………………… 35 iv 3.5 Summary 36 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 37 4.1 Limitations 37 4.2 Recommendations 37 4.2.1 For Thuongmai University and English Faculty 37 4.2.2 For lecturers 38 4.2.3 For students 38 4.2.4 For further studies 40 CONCLUSION 41 REFERENCES i APPENDICES iii APPENDIX 1: Questionnaires iii APPENDIX 2: Translation exercises …………………………………… .vi APPENDIX 2: Interview questions vii v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation English meaning Vietnamese meaning WHO World Health Organization Tổ chức y tế giới WTO World Trade Organization Tổ chức mậu dịch quốc tế GDP Gross Domestic Product Tổng sản phẩm quốc nội European-Vietnam Free Trade Hiệp định thương mại tự EVFTA Liên minh châu Âu-Việt Nam Agreement vi LIST OF TABLES, DIAGRAMS AND FIGURES TABLES AND DIAGRAMS Tables and Diagrams Table 3.1: The number of students encounter difficulties in the first translation Table 3.2: The number of students encounter difficulties in the second translation Pages 30 32 FIGURES Figures Figure 3.1: Students’ attitude towards the importance of Translation skills Figure 3.2: Students' level of interest in translation skills Figure 3.3: The amount of time the students spend on practicing translation per day Figure 3.4: Students’ frequency of translating commentary and editorials Figure 3.5: Student’ assessment of the difficulty in the translation of commentaries and editorials on The Saigon times Figure 3.6: Frequency of encountering difficulties when translating English-Vietnamese commentaries and editorials of The Saigon Times Figure 3.7: The way students deal with new words or phrases when translating Figure 3.8: The most difficult topic on The Saigon time to translate for students Figure 3.9: Common difficulties encountered by English majored students Figure 3.10: The most difficult requirement for a good translation Figure 3.11: Causes affecting on translating commentaries and editorials on The Saigon Times of students Figure 3.12: Solutions for upgrading translation skills vii Pages 20 21 22 23 24 24 25 26 27 27 28 29 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1.1 Rationale English has evolved over a period of more than 1,400 years, becoming the third largest language after Chinese and Spanish However, it is the most popular and the most learned "second language" in the world According to Edward Finnegan, “Though Chinese is spoken by a greater number of people, English is spoken around the globe and has wider dispersion than any other language" (1989) Some linguists have conceived of the "extended reach of English is undeniable and unstoppable” (Fishman, 2000) They even define that “English is the most important language in the world” (2005) Nowadays, when international integration takes place strongly, English shows its position and importance are clearer than ever English is becoming a global language and has all aspects of life such as economy, politics, culture, society, education, medicine, science, and technology, etc In the global climate, the importance of English cannot be denied and ignored Education today focuses on teaching English to all levels with the goal of making English a compulsory subject in the educational program system That is the reason why most schools from kindergarten to high school now teach in English Especially universities and colleges also have regulations on English certificates for graduates such as TOEIC, IELTS, TOEFT, B1, C1, etc In the business environment, English is obviously a crucial language Therefore, companies often prioritize recruiting students with English ability along with required academic results Realizing the great advantages and prospects that English brings such as easy access to the world, broadening knowledge, and especially finding a good job, many students are attracted and choose these language majors every year In English Faculty at Thuongmai University, besides the basic skills listening, reading, speaking, writing, students are trained in advanced majors and one of them is Translation and students mainly practice translating English-Vietnamese commentaries and editorials on The Saigon Times However, Translation is an advanced subject that requires a lot of skills, and students have never studied in high school It can be said that this seems to be a new subject, many students have not adapted and have the right skills and methods, leading to many difficulties and bad results Besides, the difficulty in translating may be affected by the students' attitude, positivity, and hard work After nearly years of pursuing this major, I have noticed that the students faced a lot of difficulties in their translation learning process In practice, translation exercises, and tests, they encounter many obstacles such as technical jargon, complex sentence structure, inappropriate style, etc These causes lead to undesirable results for many students While the requirements for English standards in the recruitment of the companies are very high, especially foreign companies Many English specialized students face a lot of pressure when looking for a job because of the strict requirements From the reality mentioned, students can consider the seriousness of having “difficulty in translation” and seriously evaluate their skills Thereby, each individual has more motivation to improve their translation ability, promote their career opportunities in the future Last but not least, the study of “Difficulties in English – Vietnamese translation of commentaries and editorials on The Saigon times of third-year English majored students at Thuongmai University” will help researchers to review, evaluate, accumulate valuable knowledge and find out the difficulties that the researcher has experienced At the same time, the researcher also mentioned some solutions with the hope that students can solve difficulties to improve and improve translation skills 1.2 Previous studies In an effort to find relevant research papers, I discovered a few studies that basically identified difficulties in the translation process, thereby suggesting solutions to help learners improve and improve this skill Similarly, these studies are also useful references for readers Based on the reputation and their experience in teaching and research of the author, I decided to include these references in my graduation paper The first article was named “Translation problems and difficulties in applied translation processes” This study was conducted in 2016 by authors Narcisa SCHWARZ, Laura-Rebeca STIEGELBAUER, and Diana-Bianca HUSAR at Faculty of Social Sciences, Humanities and Physical Education and Sports The Source text: As this is a social phenomenon Target text: Vì tượng xã hội * Standard and logical grammar: The translator used the word for word method to translate this sentence Each of a word and grammar preserves the order of the source text Students did not pay attention to the grammar in the target language, causing the sentences to be wrong in meaning, confusing the readers Source text: As this is a social phenomenon, it is beyond employers’ reach with some being deprived of half of their staff or more after only a short time Target text: Vì tượng xã hội nên nằm tầm với người sử dụng lao động với việc số người bị tước nửa số nhân viên trở lên sau thời gian ngắn * Smooth and understandable expression: The difficulties students encountered above have directly affected the expression of the content and meaning of the translation Students express the translation is not fluent, not smooth and confusing for readers 3.4 Results from the interviews In addition to collecting information by the questionnaires and translation exercises, the researcher also used a method of interviewing The number of people interviewed is and each person will be asked same questions This face-to-face interview is intended to reinforce the results of the questionnaires 3.4.1 Interview question 1: What difficulties you face the most when translating English -Vietnamese commentaries and editorials of The Saigon Times? Why? When asked about the most difficulty in translation, Tran Thi Ngoc Anh of K55N3 class said that the difficulty she often encounters is Title translation She considered that in some articles, there are abstract and unclear titles that make the translators have to translate the entire text to understand Sometimes, titles have metaphorical meanings that hinder the translation process, even cause misunderstandings and deviations of the translation The second participant is Nguyen Thi Minh Phương of K55N6 Minh Phuong said that when translating commentaries and editorials of The Saigon Times, the most 34 difficult thing she encounters is Acronym translation Acronyms appear many times in the source text However, there are many new and unclear words that make it difficult to navigate the information The translation of acronyms requires absolute precision, so determining the correct word meaning must be done carefully The last two-person participating in the interview are Nguyen Thi Thu Huong (K55N2) and Tran Thi Linh Chi (K55N3) Answer for what is the most common difficulty in the translation process, both of them have the same choice as Terminology translation Similar to Acronym translation, Terminology translation accuracy is also 100% Specialized terms are often extremely difficult and complex words and they are technical and have a high technical meaning Sometimes, the same word in one area has a different meaning in another During the translation process, the two of them have to spend a lot of time looking up and choosing the words In short, even though they are English-majored students, they still encounter many difficulties in the process of learning and practicing translation However, most of them realize the importance of compiling, identifying errors and wish to improve translation skills This is a positive signal that contributes to upgrading the quality of the standard translation of the students 3.4.2 Interview question 2: In your opinion, what is the best way to improve English - Vietnamese translation skills? This question is intended to collect information about the appropriate solution to help students correct, enhance and improve their translation skills As for the difficulty that Ngoc Anh mentioned above, she thinks “Doing translation on exercises” is the most effective solution to improve this skill Doing a lot of exercises helps her get acquainted with many types of exercises, thereby recognizing the mistakes that she often makes to correct As for Minh Phuong, she chose the solution “Practice with various resources related to translation” Various resources are an important factor for her to have the opportunity to access many new types of the article with diverse genres and fields It helps her to expand knowledge, absorb gradually and improve translation skills over time She also shared some useful resources for students to practice such as VOA Learning English, Newsweek, People, The New York Times, The Economist, etc 35 Referring to Thu Huong and Linh Chi, they consider “Have positive attitude towards translation” is the most suitable solution According to both of you, attitude is the key to success in many different fields, including learning A positive attitude creates motivation and the right direction for learners, helping them to identify difficulties to set goals to strive for and progress it Thanks to this factor, both of them are actively learning and recording positive results Overall, there are many difficulties in the translation process but there are also countless ways to improve translation skills Students must be aware of the negative effects of errors and find appropriate solutions to improve and enhance the translation ability 3.5 Summary The researcher conducted the study “Difficulties in English – Vietnamese translation of commentaries and editorials on The Saigon times of third-year English majored students at Thuongmai University” to find out the difficulties in the translation process of students, the causes of difficulties and on that basis, propose some recommendation To have the scientific basis, the researcher has consulted previous studies on translation difficulties and errors as a basis to examine students' problems more accurately At the same time combined with the data obtained from the survey, translation exercises and analysis above, the researcher had collected lots of useful information to summarize the main points of the research findings and proposed solutions for the students and lectures make a progress in teaching and studying Assessing the importance of translation skills, most students perceive the role as well as the value of this skill However, this is an advanced skill and very difficult, as evidenced by the fact that most of the students participating in the study have to face more or less difficulty in the translation process 36 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 Limitations The research has strengths in data collection methods However, due to the limitation of time and knowledge, shortcomings in the thesis are inevitable In addition, this study focuses on difficulties in English – Vietnamese translation times of Englishmajored students at Thuongmai University so other skills are not mentioned and addressed Moreover, the materials and techniques used are obtained from reputable sources but are still limited Despite these shortcomings, the researcher hopes that the graduation paper can contribute useful information and knowledge to help students recognize errors translation find the accurate solution and improve the quality of teaching and learning of students and lecturers of the Faculty of English at Thuongmai University 4.2 Recommendations Based on the real translation situation of third-year English majored students at Thuongmai University, the research makes recommendations in the hope of helping students to limit errors and difficulties in the translation process, and at the same time improve the quality of teaching and learning English translation 4.2.1 For administrators a) Raise awareness for administrators, lecturers and students about the importance of translation skills Through scientific conferences, professional meetings, etc., Thuongmai University needs to make staff, lecturers and students properly aware of the role of translation skills and consider improving this skill as one of the items important training goals of the university This goal helps to improve the quality of students, and at the same time enhances the training prestige of Thuongmai University b) Innovating course assessment The English Faculty directs subject groups and all teachers to renew course assessment in the direction of enhancing the forms of assignments, essays, and theses, etc Moreover, paying more attention to evaluation and correction activities c) Strengthening activities to practice translation skills 37 Thuongmai University and the English Department periodically organize seminars, researches, and competitions for students to have the opportunity to approach advanced translation, have orientation and motivation to practice skills, familiarize themselves with documents directly related to the job after graduation 4.2.2 For lecturers a) Appreciate the role of Translation skills The role of translators is crucial in the process of learning English as well as the future work of students Therefore, lecturers cannot ignore translation skills and must carefully consider them to orient students with the right attitude and direction so that they, prioritize the progress learning process and translation ability b) Improve curriculum Realizing that students' translation ability still has many problems, lecturers of the Faculty of English should compile more documents related to this skill for students' easy reference In addition, lecturers should encourage students to create activities that help students practice and increase their interest in learning translation Besides, the flexible application of several error correction methods assists students in discovering the difficulties they are facing The first method is to promote students' self-correction ability Lecturers can let students check the translation and correct the mistakes by themselves and re-read and suggest solutions for the errors that the students cannot correct The second method is pairwise cross-correction Students are required to exchange translations and correct their partner's translation This activity makes students feel excited because they become proactive in giving feedback on translation The third method is lecturers directly checking and correcting for students' translations This requires teachers to give clear instructions The purpose of this method is not only to correct errors but also to provide explanations for error correction The improvement of the curriculum and the quality of teaching translation skills are necessary and need more attention 4.2.3 For students a) Practice with various resources related to translation 38 Practice with various resources related to translation is the method that most students choose to improve their translation skills Currently, there are many resources for translation such as books, magazines, publications, e-books, or the internet This approach allows students to absorb trends, events, cultural nuances, and language use in a variety of fields Students can read English documents or translated articles to learn translation techniques, use appropriate words in each context to make the writing style polished and smooth b) Do frequent translation exercises A famous quote is “Practice makes perfect” Besides learning from many of the above resources, practicing by doing translation exercises is also a way to improve students' translation ability Doing a lot of translation exercises helps students realize the difficulties and mistakes they often make From there, students can draw appropriate translation methods to limit these errors At the same time, this method also gives students the opportunity to practice flexibly recognizing sentence structure, style, and analyzing the meaning of the original text to be able to convey the full meaning and content in a concise and easy to understand In order to progress the learning process and translation skills, students should practice regularly for a long time, not just a day or two, so every day take some time to translation exercises c) Have a positive attitude towards translation The author Wayne Cordeiro once wrote: “Attitudes that attract success” Having a positive attitude is the key to success in many areas of life and in learning as well Through the research, the researcher also pointed out that a positive attitude is one of the important factors that have a great impact on students' learning and practice of translation skills The right attitude helps students to set goals for themselves, be motivated to overcome difficulties to improve their learning of translation in particular and many other things in general Therefore, whether compiling ability can be enhanced or not depends much on the attitude of the learner towards that subject d) Improve knowledge of Vietnamese and English languages In English-Vietnamese translations, understanding both the target language and the source language is a necessary condition for the accuracy of the translation English and Vietnamese have similarities such as the use of the Latin alphabet, diversity in 39 vocabulary and grammar, etc However, they are still completely independent languages as well as having differences in word usage, punctuation, grammar, and style When students have extensive knowledge of both languages, they will accurately understand the meaning of the original text and express it in accordance with the reader's understanding of the translated text e) Increase exposure to specialized language An indispensable factor of translation skills is the diversity of vocabulary Especially for compiling editorials, the requirement of terminology is extremely important Specialized terms appear many times in the articles Increase exposure to specialized language helps students have the ability to use words flexibly and fluently, react quickly, easily convey meaning and express content as effectively as possible g) Attend translation courses Paying attention to translation courses is also a solution for students Focusing in class helps students collect useful knowledge as well as learn valuable experiences that the lectures convey 4.2.4 For further studies Because of time constraints and references, the researcher was not able to cover all aspects of the study Therefore, future studies should be preparing more diverse participants and use more methods and tools for accurate and comprehensive results Overall, the researchers hope that all the results and contributions from this study are the basis to serve further studies 40 CONCLUSION The study “Difficulties in English – Vietnamese translation of commentaries and editorials on The Saigon Times of third-year English majored students at Thuongmai University” aims at investigating common difficulties in translation of third-year English majored students at Thuongmai University, causes of these difficulties and on that basis propose some measures method to progress students' translation ability At the same time improve the quality of teaching translation and advanced translation subjects in particular and English subjects in general to response the English output standards Translation and other skills both play an important role in language learning as well as future work To achieve success step by step, students need to practice hard, have a positive attitude, define goals and motivation, as well as have more help and direction from lectures and universities so that they could find appropriate solutions for their situation In order to have the scientific basis for this research, the researcher has learnt the basic concepts and theories of translation, roles, difficulties, errors, causes, and based on the results of previous studies as a basis to study the difficulties in students' translation process more accurately Stemming from the above situation, the researcher makes some suggestions for Thuongmai University, Faculty, lecturers and students Overall, the researcher hopes that this study will makes small contributions to help students of the English Faculty at Thuongmai University in particular and English learners in general can refer to it to overcome problems related to related to Translation skills and improve learning English 41 REFERENCES Biber, Douglas, and Edward Finegan (1989) "Styles of stance in English: Lexical and grammatical marking of evidentially and affect" Text-interdisciplinary journal for the study of discourse 9.1 (1989): 93-124 Joshua A Fishman (2000) “The new linguistic order” International Journal of the Sociology of Language SCHWARZ, N., STIEGELBAUER, L R., & HUSAR, D B (2016) “Translation problems and difficulties in applied translation processes” Studii De Ştiintă Şi Cultură, 12 NORD, Christiane (1991) “Text Analysis in Translation Theory, Methodology and Didactic Applications of a Model of Translation-Oriented Text Analysis” Amsterdam – Atlanta: Rodop, p.250 Phan, T V A (2011) “A study on difficulties and strategies in EnglishVietnamese translation of advertising slogans” Doctoral dissertation, University of Foreign Languages and International studies Do Thuy Hang (2017) “Survey on translation errors of third-year students at University of Languages and International Studies, VNU” VNU Journal of Foreign Studies MUNOZ, Isabel Durán (2012) “Meeting translators’ needs: translation-oriented terminological management and applications” The Journal of Specialized Translation, 2012, 18: 77-92 El Zeini N (1994) “Citeria for the Evaluation of Translation: A Pragma-stylistic approach” Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Cairo: Cairo University Nguyễn, T M T., & Nguyễn, T T L (2017) “Influence of explicit higher-order thinking skills instruction on students’ learning of linguistics Thinking Skills and Creativity” 26, 113-127 10 Hien Le “Khó khăn việc học Phiên dịch sinh viên chuyên ngành Quan hệ quốc tế" , from https://www.academia.edu/35586451/_For_Vietnamese_readers_ only_Khó_Khăn_Trong_Việc_Học_Mơn_Phiên_Dịch_Của_Sinh_Viên_Chun_N gành_Quan_Hệ_Quốc_Tế i 11 N.T.T Phuong (2017) “Solutions for some noticeable problems in the translation of English–Vietnamese and Vietnamese– English tourism management documents”, from https://www.academia.edu/41174759/Solutions_for_some_noticeable_problem in the_translation_of_English_Vietnamese_and_Vietnamese_English_tourism_ magagement_documents 12 Newmark (1991: 27) “About Translation Multilingual Matters (Series)” Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 13 HARTMANN, Reinhard Rudolf Karl; STORK, Francis Colin (1972) “Dictionary of language and linguistics” London: Applied Science Publishers 1972, 302 pp 14 Nida, Eugene Albert, and Charles Russell Taber, eds (1982) “The theory and practice of translation” Vol Brill Archive 15 Newmark, P (1988) A textbook of translation (Vol 66) New York: Prentice hall ii APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: Questionnaires TOPIC: DIFFICULTIES IN ENGLISH – VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF COMMENTARIES AND EDITORIALS ON THE SAIGON TIMES OF THIRD – YEAR ENGLISH MAJORED STUDENTS AT THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY Hi everyone My name is Quyen, a senior of English Faculty at Thuongmai University Currently, I am doing a study on common difficulties in English – Vietnamese translation on commentaries and editorials on the Saigon Times of third year English majored students I really appreciate your support to help me complete my graduation paper by answering all questions below Your information will be confidential and not be found in any research Thank you for your cooperation 1: What you think about the importance of Translation? Very Important Important Normal Not very Important Not Important at all 2: How you fell about translation? Very interesting Interesting Normal Not very interesting Not interesting at all 3: How much time you spend on practicing English – Vietnamese translation per day? More than hours hour- hours 30 minutes - 1hour Less than 30 minutes iii Never 4: What frequency you translate commentary, editorials on The Saigon Times Always Usually Often Sometimes Rarely Never 5: What you think about the level of difficulty when translating EnglishVietnamese commentaries and editorials of The Saigon Times? Very difficult Difficult Normal Easy Very easy 6: How often you encountering difficulties when translating English-Vietnamese commentaries and editorials of The Saigon Times? Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never 7: What you when you encounter new words or phrases when translating? Look up dictionary Search Google Ask friends or teacher Guess from the context Others: 8: Which topic(s) of commentaries and editorials on The Saigon time is the most difficult for you to translate? Finance and Economy iv Security & Politics Socio-culture Education Healthcare Science 9: What are common translation errors in translating English-Vietnamese commentaries and editorials of The Saigon Times? (You can choose more than one option) Translation Title Translation Proper name Translation Acronym Translation Terminology Choosing appropriate words Cultural differences 10: What the most difficult requirement you think for good translation translations of commentary and editorials on Saigon Times? Consistent and coherent style Special and expressive words Standard and logical grammar Smooth and understandable expression Closely linked structure 11: What reasons you think that make it difficult to translate English-Vietnamese commentaries and editorials of The Saigon Times? (You can choose more than one option) Native language's influence Poor background knowledge Wrong methods The priority for other skills Inadequate instruction of the teacher Others: v 12: What you think you need to to get rid of difficulties when translating? (You can choose more than one option) Doing translation on exercises Practice with various resources related to translation Increase exposure to specialized language Improve knowledge on Vietnamese and English language Attend a translation course Have positive attitude towards translation Others APPENDIX 2: Translation exercises: You can translate the following article on the Saigon Times from English to Vietnamese: Moving forward – ecommerce logistics in Vietnam According to a recent report by Google, Temasek and Bain, Vietnam’s digital economy is projected to reach US$57 billion by 2025 If anything, this number highlights the potential of ecommerce in Vietnam and its rapid growth, outpacing countries like Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore In terms of distribution, Vietnam is leading the pack in express delivery services The competition between local marketplaces (TikiNow, The Gioi Di Dong) and global heavyweights (Shopee, Lazada and Grab) to offer the fastest inner-city delivery has only intensified with each party continuously elevating their game 2022 is bound to bring more opportunities for the sector, however brands can truly seize this potential by first ensuring that all the fundamentals required to meet consumer’s needs are covered especially from a logistics and fulfillment point of view Implementing the next steps to improve the foundation and current services will help form overall stronger consumer bonds which will be essential to the business’ success in the future Labor shortages may impede companies’ recovery Adversely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, the economic growth of Vietnam’s key cities, such as Hanoi and HCMC, has been slower The exodus of migrant vi workers leaving HCMC may make the path of recovery planned by enterprises bumpier The exodus of leaving workers bound for their home provinces also means factories and enterprises are losing an important part of their labor force As this is a social phenomenon, it is beyond employers’ reach with some being deprived of half of their staff or more after only a short time APPENDIX 3: Interview questions INTERVIEW QUESTIONS: 1: What difficulties you face the most when translating English - Vietnamese? Why? 2: In your opinion, what is the best way to improve English - Vietnamese translation skills? vii ... focus on answering questions: What are the difficulties in English – Vietnamese translation of commentaries and editorials on The Saigon times of third- year English majored students at Thuongmai... ? ?Difficulties in English – Vietnamese translation of commentaries and editorials on The Saigon Times of third- year English majored students at Thuongmai University” aims at investigating common... in English – Vietnamese translation of commentaries and editorials on The Saigon times of third- year English majored students at Thuongmai University The translation is considered an advanced English