LESSON 8B GIẢI BÀI TẬP DẠNG TABLE

LESSON 8B GIẢI BÀI TẬP DẠNG TABLE/FLOW CHART SHEET GLASS MANUFACTURE: THE FLOAT PROCESS A Glass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius (°C) this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning This method was very effective as the glass had not touched any surfaces between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed perfectly unblemished, with a 'fire finish' However, the process took a long time and was labour intensive B Nevertheless, demand for flat glass was very high and glassmakers across the world were looking for a method of making it continuously The first continuous ribbon process involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle This allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked , and these would then need to be ground and polished This part of the process rubbed away around 20 percent of the glass, and the machines were very expensive Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer 1.spinning unblemished labour intensive thickness marked Method Advantages Disadvantages _ Glass remained (perfectly) _ Slow _ Ribbon Could produce glass sheets of varying _ Non-stop process Glass was _ 20% of glass rubbed away Machines were expensive BẢNG TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA Keywords in the questions Similar words in the passage remained stayed slow took a long time varying virtually any % percent HỌC TỪ TRONG CÂU HỎI Method • Ribbon • • Advantages Glass remained Could produce glass sheets of varying _ Non-stop process Disadvantages • • • • • Slow _ Glass was _ 20% of glass rubbed away Machines were expensive HỌC TỪ TRONG NHỮNG CÂU CHỨA CÂU HỎI A Glass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamians and Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime When heated to about 1500 degrees Celsius (°C) this becomes a molten mass that hardens when slowly cooled The first successful method for making clear, flat glass involved spinning This method was very effective as the glass had not touched any surfaces between being soft and becoming hard, so it stayed perfectly unblemished, with a 'fire finish' However, the process took a long time and was labour intensive B Nevertheless, demand for flat glass was very high and glassmakers across the world were looking for a method of making it continuously The first continuous ribbon process involved squeezing molten glass through two hot rollers, similar to an old mangle This allowed glass of virtually any thickness to be made non-stop, but the rollers would leave both sides of the glass marked , and these would then need to be ground and polished This part of the process rubbed away around 20 per cent of the glass, and the machines were very expensive advantage /ədˈvæntɪdʒ/ (n): ưu điểm a quality of something that makes it better or more useful A small car has the added advantage of being cheaper to run disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒ/ (n): nhược điểm something that causes problems and tends to stop somebody/something from succeeding or making progress a serious/severe/considerable disadvantage remain /rı'mein/ (v) = stay + adj linking verb to continue to be something; to be still in the same state or condition + adj to remain silent/standing/seated/motionless varying/(adj): not all the same staff members with varying levels of experience machine /məˈʃiːn/ (n): máy móc a piece of equipment with moving parts that is designed to a particular job The power used to work a machine may be electricity, steam, gas, etc or human power Machines have replaced human labour in many industries labour intensive /,leibər in'tensıv/ (adj): (of work) needing a lot of people to it labour-intensive methods virtually /ˈvɜːrtʃuəli/ (adv): almost or very nearly, so that any slight difference is not important to be virtually impossible marked /mɑːrkt/ (adj): bị dấu/vết bề mặt having an identifying mark rub /rʌb/ (v): trà xát to move your hand, or something such as a cloth, backwards and forwards over a surface while pressing firmly rub something She rubbed her chin thoughtfully SECRETS OF THE SWARM Miller explains that he first really understood the impact that swarm behaviour could have on humans when he read a study of honeybees by Tom Seeley, a biologist at Cornell University The honeybees choose a group which new nest to move to Complete the flow-chart below Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer How honeybees choose a new nest Honeybee 10 explore possible nest sites First, scouts fly off to investigate multiple sites When they return they a 'waggle dance' for their spot, and other scouts will then fly off and investigate it Many bees go out, but none They perform what is known as a 11 on their return tries to compare all sites Each reports back on just one The more they liked their nest, the more vigorous and lengthy their Other bees go out and report back waggle dance and the more bees will choose to visit it Gradually the volume of bees builds up towards one site; it's a system that ensures that support for the best site snowballs and the decision is made in the most democratic way 10.scouts 11.waggle dance 12.volumn 13.democratic enthusiasm and 12 increase for one particular site a final choice is reached using a 13 process BẢNG TỪ ĐỒNG NGHĨA Keywords in the questions Similar words in the passage explore possible nest sites investigate multiple sites perform on their return When they return enthusiasm the more vigorous and lengthy their waggle dance increase for on particular site builds up towards one site a final choice is reached the decision is made HỌC TỪ TRONG CÂU HỎI How honeybees choose a new nest Honeybee 10 explore possible nest sites They perform what is known as a 11 on their return Other bees go out and report back enthusiasm and 12 increase for one particular site a final choice is reached using a 13 process HỌC TỪ TRONG NHỮNG CÂU CHỨA ĐÁP ÁN Miller explains that he first really understood the impact that swarm behaviour could have on humans when he read a study of honeybees by Tom Seeley, a biologist at Cornell University The honeybees choose a group which new nest to move to First, scouts fly off to investigate multiple sites When they return they a 'waggle dance' for their spot, and other scouts will then fly off and investigate it Many bees go out, but none tries to compare all sites Each reports back on just one The more they liked their nest, the more vigorous and lengthy their waggle dance and the more bees will choose to visit it Gradually the volume of bees builds up towards one site; it's a system that ensures that support for the best site snowballs and the decision is made in the most democratic way perform /pə'fɔ:rm/(v): trình diễn, biểu diễn perform something to something, such as a piece of work, task or duty synonym carry out to perform an experiment/a miracle/a ceremony enthusiasm /ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/ (n): nhiệt tình, nhiệt huyết a strong feeling of excitement and interest in something and a desire to become involved in it enthusiasm (for something) I can't say I share your enthusiasm for the idea spot /spɑːt/ (n): địa điểm a particular area or place a quiet/secluded/lonely, etc spot lengthy /ˈleŋkθi/ (adj): dài/lâu very long, and often too long, in time or size lengthy delays volume /ˈvɑːljəm/ (n): lượng the amount of space that an object or a substance fills; the amount of space that a container has How you measure the volume of a gas? builds up: tăng to become greater, more powerful or larger in number All the pressure built up and he was off work for weeks with stress democratic / demə'krætık/ (adj): dân chủ controlled by representatives who are elected by the people of a country; connected with this system a democratic country THE DOVER BRONZE-AGE BOAT A It was 1992 In England, workmen were building a new road through the heart of Dover, to connect the ancient port and the Channel Tunnel, which, when it opened just two years later, was to be the first land link between Britain and Europe for over 10,000 years A small team from the Canterbury Archaeological Trust (CAT) worked alongside the workmen, recording new discoveries brought to light by the machines B At the base of a deep shaft six metres below the modern streets a wooden structure was revealed Cleaning away the waterlogged site overlying the timbers, archeologists realized its true nature They had found a prehistoric boat, preserved by the type of sediment in which it was buried It was then named the Dover BronzeAge Boat C With hindsight, it was significant that the boat was found and studied by mainstream archaeologists who naturally focused on its cultural context At the time, ancient boats were often considered only from a narrower technological perspective, but news about the Dover boat reached a broad audience In 2002, on the tenth anniversary of the discovery, the Dover Bronze-Age Boat Trust hosted a conference, where this meeting of different traditions became apparent Alongside technical papers about the boat, other speakers explored its social and economic contexts, and the religious perceptions of boats in Bronze-Age societies Many speakers came from overseas, and debate about cultural connections was renewed D Detailed proposals to reconstruct the boat were drawn up in 2004 Archaeological evidence was beginning to suggest a Bronze-Age community straddling the Channel, brought together by the sea, rather than separated by it In a region today divided by language and borders, archaeologists had a duty to inform the general public about their common cultural heritage E The boat project began in England but it was conceived from the start as a European collaboration Reconstruction was only part of a scheme that would include a major exhibition and an extensive educational and outreach programme Discussions began early in 2005 with archaeological bodies, universities and heritage organizations either side of the Channel There was much enthusiasm and support, and an official launch of the project was held at an international seminar in France in 2007 Financial support was confirmed in 2008 and the project then named BOAT 1550BC got under way in June 2011 F A small team began to make the boat at the start of 2012 on the Roman Lawn outside Dover museum A full-scale reconstruction of a mid-section had been made in 1996, primarily to see how Bronze-Age replica tools performed In 2012, however, the hull shape was at the centre of the work; so modern power tools were used to carve the oak planks, before turning to prehistoric tools for finishing It was decided to make the replica half-scale for reasons of cost and time, and synthetic materials were used for the stitching, owing to doubts about that the scaling and tight timetable G Meanwhile, the exhibition was being prepared ready for opening in July 2012 at the Castle Museum in Boulognesur-Mer Entitled 'Beyond the Horizon: Societies of the Channel & North Sea 3,500 years ago', it brought together for the first time a remarkable collection of Bronze-Age objects, including many new discoveries for commercial archaeology and some of the great treasure of the past The reconstructed boat, as a symbol of the maritime connections that bound together the communities either side of the Channel, was the centerpiece Questions 1- Complete the flow chart below Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer Key events 1992 – the boat was discovered during the construction of a 2002 – an international ……was held to gather information 2004 – 3………for the construction were produced 2007 - the 4……of BOAT 1550BC took place 2012 – the Bronze Age featured the boat and other objects HỌC TỪ TRONG CÂU CHỨA ĐÁP ÁN Key events 1992 – the boat was discovered during the construction of a .road 2002 – an international …conference…was held to gather information 2004 – 3…proposals……for the construction were produced 2007 - the 4…launch…of BOAT 1550BC took place 2012 – the Bronze Age exhibition featured the boat and other objects HỌC TỪ TRONG NHỮNG CÂU CHỨA ĐÁP ÁN A It was 1992 In England, workmen were building a new road through the heart of Dover, to connect the ancient port and the Channel Tunnel, which, when it opened just two years later, was to be the first land link between Britain and Europe for over 10,000 years A small team from the Canterbury Archaeological Trust (CAT) worked alongside the workmen, recording new discoveries brought to light by the machines C In 2002, on the tenth anniversary of the discovery, the Dover Bronze-Age Boat Trust hosted a conference, where this meeting of different traditions became apparent Alongside technical papers about the boat, other speakers explored its social and economic contexts, and the religious perceptions of boats in Bronze-Age societies Many speakers came from overseas, and debate about cultural connections was renewed D Detailed proposals to reconstruct the boat were drawn up in 2004 E There was much enthusiasm and support, and an official launch of the project was held at an international seminar in France in 2007 Financial support was confirmed in 2008 and the project then named BOAT 1550BC got under way in June 2011 F A small team began to make the boat at the start of 2012 on the Roman Lawn outside Dover museum A full-scale reconstruction of a mid-section had been made in 1996, primarily to see how Bronze-Age replica tools performed In 2012, however, the hull shape was at the centre of the work; so modern power tools were used to carve the oak planks, before turning to prehistoric tools for finishing It was decided to make the replica half-scale for reasons of cost and time, and synthetic materials were used for the stitching, owing to doubts about that the scaling and tight timetable G Meanwhile, the exhibition was being prepared ready for opening in July 2012 at the Castle Museum in Boulogne-sur-Mer boat/bəut/(n): thuyền a vehicle (smaller than a ship) that travels on water, moved by oars, sails or a motor a rowing/sailing boat held → V2/V3 hold /həuld/(v): tổ chức hold something to have a meeting, competition, conversation, etc The meeting will be held in the community centre take place(v): diễn to happen, especially after previously being arranged or planned The film festival takes place in October feature/'fi:tſə(r)/(v): bao gồm, gồm có to include a particular person or thing as a special feature feature somebody/something as somebody/something The film features Cary Grant as a professor bring something to light: làm cho nhiều người biết tới to make new information known to people These facts have only just been brought to light host/həust/(v): tổ chức host something to organize an event to which others are invited and make all the arrangements for them South Africa hosted the World Cup finals conference/'kpnfərəns/(n): buổi hội nghị a large official meeting, usually lasting for a few days, at which people with the same work or interests come together to discuss their views The hotel is used for exhibitions, conferences and social events overseas/,auvə'si:z/ (adv): nước to or in a foreign country, especially those separated from your country by the sea or ocean synonym abroad to live/work/go overseas proposal/prə'pəuzl/(n): đề nghị, đề xuất a formal suggestion or plan; the act of making a suggestion to submit/consider/accept/reject a proposal reconstruct/,ri:kən'strakt/(v): xây dựng lại reconstruct something (from something) to build or make something again that has been damaged or that no longer exists Old London Bridge was bought by an American and reconstructed in the US launch /lb:nt/(n): khai trương/triển khai/phóng the action of launching something; an event at which something is launched the successful launch of the Ariane rocket project/'prodzekt/ (n): dự án a planned piece of work that is designed to find information about something, to produce something new, or to improve something a research project exhibition/ eksı'bıſn/(n): triển lãm a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the public Have you seen the Picasso exhibition? ... synthetic materials were used for the stitching, owing to doubts about that the scaling and tight timetable G Meanwhile, the exhibition was being prepared ready for opening in July 2012 at the Castle... synthetic materials were used for the stitching, owing to doubts about that the scaling and tight timetable G Meanwhile, the exhibition was being prepared ready for opening in July 2012 at the Castle