PV BASICS PART 2(SOLAR CELLS - HIGH EFFICIENCY CONCEPTS IN SPV

... Suitable for all sizes of power stations, kW to multi-MW Table 1. 1 Main types of fuel cells and their characteristics and applications   1. 3 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) Proton Exchange ... 1- 1 to 1- 3 [2]: Anode: H2 2H+ + 2e- Cathode: 2H+ + 2e- + 1/ 2O2 Overall: H2 + 1/ 2O2 (1- 1) H2O H2O + electricity + heat (1- 2) (1- 3) According to Eq 1- 3, t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:02

... most accurate and realistic information of the Pt/CNT -based electrocatalyst as a potential substitute for conventional Pt/VXC72Rbased electrocatalysts used for high- efficiency PEMFC applications ... VCXC72R Carbon paper TGPH090 Toray Carbon black (CB) VCXC72R Cabot Commercial Pt catalyst 40wt% Pt/VCXC72R Johnson Matthey Commercial Pt catalyst 20 wt% Pt/VCXC72R E-TEK Nafion m...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:03

... (6vol%) and silane (1vol%) solution containing 0 .3 M Ni(NO3)2 and 0 .3 M Co(NO3)2 for h During the CNT growth, the carbon paper was heated at 600 °C for at 35 0 sccm Ar and 1.5 sccm H2 flow to obtain ... well as the carbon graphitization (see Fig 3. 2 (a)) On the other hand, at a high growth temperature of 800 °C, thermal pyrolysis of C2H4 would take place to form amorphous ca...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:03

... studies [13-17] 20000 4f7/2, 71.1 eV 4f5/2, 74. 4 eV 16000 CPS 12000 8000 40 00 84 82 80 78 76 74 72 70 68 66 64 Binding energy / eV Fig 4. 4 XPS spectrum of Pt nanoparticles on CNT /carbon paper by sputter-deposition ... sccm C2H4) 0.8 Pt/CNT -based cathode (15 sccm C2H4) Cell potential / V Pt/CNT -based cathode (20 sccm C2H4) Pt/CNT -based cathode (25 sccm C2H4) 0.6 -2 Pt loading:...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:03

... The longterm stability information of Pt/CNT -based electrocatalysts from a fuel cell under real operating conditions would be very useful for the full evaluation of these electrocatalysts in terms ... wt% Pt/VXC72Rbased electrodes at 1 .5 V vs DHE   141    120 (a) Before potentiostatic oxidation After 30min oxidation at 1.5V After 60min oxidation at 1.5V After 90min oxidation at 1.5V A...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:03

... cm-1 This technique is thus more suitable for fabricating low Pt loading electrode with high Pt utilization for PEMFC applications 6. 2 Recommendations for Future Research The in situ grown CNT ... tests were performed in a single cell test system When compared with two commercial Pt/VXC72R -based electrodes, the Pt/CNT -based electrode showed a notable improvement in polarization...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:03

... SILICON SOLAR CELLS    17   AMORPHOUS SILICON SOLAR CELLS    19   DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS    21   PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS    23   ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS ... recent technologies that have shown a lot of potential such as dye sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells and organic solar cells There is a lot of research that is being carried out on .....

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 10:11

... communicative language teaching and practical techniques for language teaching 3 Chapter deals with the analysis on the current performance of English teaching and learning in junior high schools in Quang ... Functional-Notional Approach In the 19 70s teachers of the Functional-Notional Approach stopped teaching grammar and started teaching...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:41

... VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI COLLEGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES POST GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT TRẦN QUỐC VIỆT A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUES FOR THE IMPROVEMENT TO THE TEACHING OF ORAL SKILLS IN LIGHT ... LIGHT OF COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS IN QUẢNG NGÃI PROVINCE (NGHIÊN CỨU CÁC THỦ THUẬT NÂ...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:41

... 32 3. 3.1 Introduction 32 3. 3.2 Correction Techniques 34 3. 3 .3 Summary 36 Part 3: Conclusion Recapitulation 37 Limitations and suggestions for further ... Languages Department, Quang Ngai Teachers Training College for their attention and encouragement I am appreciative of all those who have kindly advised and helped me during the period of my study at Colleg...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:41

... manufacturing Analysis and performance The principle of operation of reluctance synchronous machines (RSMs) is based on existence of variable reluctance in the air gap of the machine, high reluctance ... P.J and Agu, L.A Theory and Performance of Polyphase Reluctance Machines Proc IEE, 111(8), pp 1435-1445, 1964 [2] Lawrenson, P.J and Gupta, S.K Develop...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:30

... and efficiency for exciting densely packed arrays of waveguides In this letter, we report an architecture for locally exciting nanoscale plasmonic waveguides with the use of nanoscale bowtie apertures ... advantage of this geometry is the ability to locally excite waveguides with high efficiency This is made possible by the bowtie aperture, which is a type of r...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:53

... Srigungsitthisunti, and Xu: Ridge aperture antenna array as a high efficiency coupler Fig Results for an aperture array defined by a = 750 nm (a) Reflection from aperture array in comparison to a bare silicon ... Srigungsitthisunti, and Xu: Ridge aperture antenna array as a high efficiency coupler Fig Absorption enhancement in silicon compared with th...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:54

... Srigungsitthisunti, and Xu: Ridge aperture antenna array as a high efficiency coupler Fig Results for an aperture array defined by a = 750 nm (a) Reflection from aperture array in comparison to a bare silicon ... Srigungsitthisunti, and Xu: Ridge aperture antenna array as a high efficiency coupler Fig Absorption enhancement in silicon compared with th...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:58

... article as: Traversi et al.: The role of different methanogen groups evaluated by Real-Time qPCR as high-efficiency bioindicators of wet anaerobic co-digestion of organic waste AMB Express 2011 1:28 ... biogas production was measured using a liquid displacement system that was connected to the digester The Table Characteristics of the pretreated...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20