concepts in action part 2

... try using the 2N 222 2A component It can handle currents as high as 50 mA 21 CHAPTER ■ Electronic Singing Bird Figure 1 -29 The final prototype of the electronic singing bird Creating the Interactive ... const int buttonPin = 2; int lightpins[3] = {8,11,13};//Change sequence of LEDs Here! int state=0; void setup() { pinMode (buttonPin,INPUT); pinMode (lightpins[0],OUTPUT); pinMode (lightpins[1],OUTPUT); ... following line of instruction: int blinktime = 20 ; delay(blinktime); By changing the integer value of the variable blinktime, the delay instruction will provide the appropriate switching pulsing...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... logic 21 22 23 24 25 Spatial Relationships 5.1 Recoding 5 .2 Relationships between measurements 5.3 Relationships between features 29 29 32 34 vi CONTENTS Combining Spatial Data 6.1 Overlay 6 .2 Spatial ... operations 22 23 24 25 26 26 Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Typical soil map Recoding as simplification Recoding as a filter operation Recoding ... Existing Data 11 2. 1 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 Data exchange Conversion Metadata Matching geometries (projection and coordinate systems) Geographic web services 11 12 13 13 15 Handling Uncertainty 3.1 Spatial...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... coordinate or an address or in indirect form relative to some other location The location can (1) stand for itself or (2) be part of a spatial object, in which case it is part of the boundary definition ... handling are all important topics; but, in most instances, a standard textbook on database management would provide an adequate introduction More interesting are concerns arising from the combination ... errors in matching measurements with their corresponding position GPS data is increasingly augmented by a new version of triangulating one’s position that is based on cellphone signals (Bryant 20 05)...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... 20 Pine A–3 C 2 East–1 10 Pine C 2 East 2 40 Mix Figure 11 Name 25 Area Species North 10 Pine C 2 East–1 Pine C 2 East 2 30 Mix Partial and complete selection of features the principle Here, ... processing In the light of the costs involved in creating or accessing existing data this is not a realistic proposition for most readers GIS own their right of existence to their use in a larger ... manufacturing, power production) Assigning the correct thematic association to each pixel or feature is considerably more difficult in the second case and in many instances not necessary Determining...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... 06 20 ,37 25 ,20 28 ,30 04 05 06 07,11 11, 12 12, 16 04 20 ,21 ,11, 12, 13,16 07 08 09 27 , 42 28,15 32, 14 07 08 09 16,18 18,17 17,15 10 11 12 32, 30 32, 40 35,35 10 11 12 15,14 14,09 09,08 13 14 35 ,22 35,15 ... TECHNIQUES IN GIS Node table Line table Area table ID x,y ID from to ID lines 01 02 03 07,30 12, 35 15 ,22 01 02 03 01, 02 02, 04 04,07 01 02 03 1 ,2, 17,16,14,15 3,4,5,19,18,17 6,7,8,9,10 ,21 ,20 ,18,19 ... 17 42, 20 42, 37 50 ,28 14 15 16 05,03 03,01 05,06 18 52, 35 17 18 06,04 06,10 19 20 10, 12 10,13 21 13,14 Figure 20 G L D B M A 17 F 15 18 14 E 19 K R P 10 12 I S 21 13 H Q 20 N 16 C O 11 Pointer...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... define the core of an ecological Original Points Figure 27 Buffered Points The buffer operation in principle Dissolved Buffers 42 KEY CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES IN GIS Core Figure 28 Inward or inverse ... study in detail in the next chapter 7 Location–Allocation Among the main reasons for wanting to use a GIS are (1) finding a location, (2) finding the best way to get to that location, (3) finding ... constraining geometry underlying our geography In the field view perspective we could investigate all locations within our view shed, whereas in a network we would be constrained by the links between...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... focal one 1 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.5 2. 2 2. 0 1.8 1.8 = 2 2 .2 2.0 2. 2 2. 3 1 2. 0 2. 2 2. 2 2. 5 Figure 44 Averaging neighborhood function 8.4 Zonal functions Zonal functions are in effect a mixture of local ... costs by multiplying the costs of 1 3 12 ×3 = Figure 41 12 Multiplication of a raster layer by a scalar 55 MAP ALGEBRA 1 3 12 × Figure 42 12 3 12 27 48 12 27 = 12 48 3 12 Multiplying one layer by ... decreasing in importance 20 ° 14° Slope 8.5° 2. 9° 1.1° 36% 25 % 15% 5% 2% 45 315 Aspect 27 0 90 22 5 135 180 Figure 50 Derivation of slope and aspect TERRAIN MODELING 63 9.4 Hydrological modeling Slope...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... features in general and on a feature class by feature class basis  72 KEY CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES IN GIS 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 2 Figure 59 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Geometric mean and geometric median 10 .2. 2 ... distribution Analogue to the standard deviation in traditional statistics, SPATIAL STATISTICS 71 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 2 Figure 58 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Geometric mean we can employ standard distance ... random or dispersed When we this repeatedly with ever-changing search SPATIAL STATISTICS 73 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 2 Figure 60 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Standard deviational ellipse High Value Low Value Area...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... some promising experimentation with mutable CA in urban modeling (Semboloni 20 00), and the use of self-modifying rules to capture nonlinear behavior (Silva and Clarke 20 02) Yet there remains little ... Agent-based modeling systems Agent-based modeling (ABM), synonymous with individual-based modeling in ecology (Bian 20 00), is a simulation methodology focused on mobile individuals and their interaction ... to the modeling of individual-level decision-making Furthermore, an agent has the added advantage of being mobile 84 KEY CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES IN GIS There has been interest in intelligent...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... 13, 90, 92 INDEX 101 internet GIS user interfaces, 23 search engines, 21 22 , 25 interoperability, 11 interpolation, 65, 69, 69 inverse distance weighting (IDW), 65–66, 66, 90 ISO See International ... splines query conditional, 22 , 23 by location, 21 , 22 by (multiple) attributes, 23 , 24 1 02 KEY CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES IN GIS raster -based elevation models, 60– 62 -based programs, 58 cells, 52, ... aspect, 62, 61–63 attribute(s), 8– 12, 17, 22 , 24 , 29 , 30, 34, 40, 46, 59, 89 AutoCAD, 12, 89 autocorrelation, 70, 89 Boolean logic fuzzy reasoning and, 77–78 invention of, 25 operations, 25 27 , 26 ,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... References 20 7 20 7 20 9 21 0 21 0 21 1 21 1 21 2 21 2 21 3 21 4 21 4 21 5 21 6 21 7 21 7 21 8 21 8 21 9 22 0 22 0 22 2 22 4 22 4 22 4 PPARγ and Glucose Homeostasis Robert K Semple and Stephen O’Rahilly 23 7 9.1 9 .2 Evidence ... SH3 PtdIns (PI3K) Bcr (PI3K) PtdIns 4-K SH2 p85 binding p110 binding PtdIns-4-P p110 (catalytic) PtdIns 4-K PtdIns-3-P Ras binding SH2 PtdIns 5-K PTEN PtdIns(3,4)P2 Phospholipase C PTEN PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 ... leading to insulin resistance Candidate genes involved in the mechanisms of insulin resistance Insulin signalling network Factors leading to insulin resistance Defining the function of the insulin...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... 11, 12 13 14 15 57 16 18, 17 18, 19 20 20 21 58, 59 60 24 61 25 22 62 26 27 28 30 Bat IRKO Muscle GLUT4 KO Normal insulin sensitivity Obesity, dyslipidaemia Lean, insulin sensitive Insulin resistance, ... (−/−) SREBP1c LPL Increased insulin sensitivity Increased insulin sensitivity Increased insulin resistance Obesity/maintained insulin sensitivity Lethal Lean/increased insulin sensitivity Lethal ... transduction pathways involved in the regulation of protein synthesis by insulin in L6 myoblasts Am J Physiol 27 4, C 221 –C 228 Southorn, B G and Palmer, R M (1990) Inhibitors of phospholipase A2 block the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... 0-470-85008-6 20 8 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FAT DISTRIBUTION AND INSULIN RESISTANCE Increased risk of diabetes 100 93 .2 80 60 54.0 40.3 40 27 .6 20 15.8 1.0 2. 9 4.3 5.0

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... factors, including endocrine factors secreted from the adipocyte, such as TNFα, adiponectin and leptin .27 , 28 Figure 10 .2 Transcription factors regulating adipogenesis 27 2 ADIPOKINES AND INSULIN RESISTANCE ... IMPLICATED IN INSULIN RESISTANCE 27 3 In the healthy individual insulin is a potent stimulator of glucose uptake in the adipocyte, muscle and liver Insulin binds to its receptor, the insulin receptor ... on insulin signalling Resistin At the turn of the 21 st century a novel cysteine rich adipokine was discovered that was claimed to be the link between obesity and insulin resistance .20 2, 20 3 In...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... plasma insulin measured on a sub-set of 695 individuals Fasting and h insulin Fasting serum insulin (Fasting insulin resistance index: ‘a multiplication value of fasting insulin and fasting glucose ... Caucasians Participant characteristics OGTT–fasting and post-challenge insulin Fasting insulin OGTT–fasting and post-challenge insulin Measure of insulin resistance Table 12. 1 (continued ) Age, fasting ... ( 12. 1) years BMI: 25 .5 (4 .2) Ethnicity: Hispanics and Non-Hispanic Caucasians Fasting insulin Fasting insulin IVGTT Fasting insulin Age, BMI, SES, smoking, heavy drinking, existing CHD Three-way analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... 97, 12 222 – 12 226 68 Hawkins, M., Barzilai, N., Liu, R., Hu, M., Chen, W and Rossetti, L (1997) Role of the glucosamine pathway in fat-induced insulin resistance J Clin Invest 99, 21 73 21 82 69 ... and Tataranni, P A (20 02) REFERENCES 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 435 Plasma adiponectin concentration is associated with skeletal muscle insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, ... linkages for metabolic syndrome phenotypes Locus or gene 2p21 (D2S1788) 3q27 17p 12 APO E CEPT 16p13–pter 3q27 8q23 6q 22 q23 ∗ Phenotype(s) Leptin levels, fat mass Several indicators Several indicators...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... of phosphoinositide 3-kinase by insulin in fibroblasts from patients with severe insulin resistance and pseudoacromegaly REFERENCES 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 529 A disorder ... factor-alpha causes insulin receptor substrate -2- mediated insulin resistance and inhibits insulin-induced adipogenesis in fetal brown adipocytes Endocrinology 139, 122 9– 123 8 56 Feinstein, R., Kanety, ... (FIRI),41 fasting glucose insulin ratio ,24 and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) 42 and others Determining the fasting glucose insulin ratio could be a good screening test in that...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... depots 21 5 adipocytokines 24 5–8, 476 adipogenesis 27 1 adipokines 66, 26 9–70, 26 9, 28 0 insulin resistance 27 2 adiponectin 27 9–80 interleukin-6 (IL-6) 27 4–6 leptin 27 6–8 resistin 27 8–9 tumour necrosis ... pattern 20 8, 20 9, 22 2 change in adipocyte phenotype with obesity 21 0 gynoid pattern 20 8, 20 9, 22 2 mechanisms linking central obesity to metabolic syndrome 21 2 adipose tissue as an endocrine organ 21 4–15, ... PPARγ 23 7–8 cell and rodent models 23 8 adipocytokines 24 5–8 adipose tissue insulin sensitivity 24 2 dietary lipid handling 24 2–5, 24 4 liver 24 9–51, 25 1 pancreatic β-cells 24 9, 25 1 skeletal muscle 24 8–9,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... Relative involvement of Shc tyrosine residues 23 9 /24 0 and tyrosine 317 on insulin-induced mitogenic signaling 52 2 12 213 21 4 21 5 21 6 21 7 21 8 21 9 22 0 22 1 22 2 22 3 22 4 22 5 22 6 THE INSULIN RECEPTOR ... 54 24 3 24 4 24 5 24 6 24 7 24 8 24 9 25 0 25 1 25 2 25 3 25 4 25 5 25 6 25 7 THE INSULIN RECEPTOR AND DOWNSTREAM SIGNALLING platelet-derived growth factor BB-, insulin-like growth factor I- and insulin-mediated ... 197 198 199 20 0 20 1 20 2 20 3 20 4 20 5 20 6 20 7 20 8 20 9 21 0 21 1 51 Possible mechanism for suppression of insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 J Biol Chem 27 0, 23 780 23 784 Hotamisligil,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20