concepts in action part 1

... Wilcher 11 /17 /11 /* random light */ const int buttonPin = 2; int lightpins[3] = {8 ,11 ,13 };//Change sequence of LEDs Here! int state=0; void setup() { pinMode (buttonPin,INPUT); pinMode (lightpins[0],OUTPUT); ... the following line of code: int lightpins[3] = {8 ,11 ,13 };//Change sequence of LEDs Here! Changing the order of digital output pins (8, 11 , 13 ) will produce unique visual effects for the Mini Digital ... shown in Figure 1- 13 In looking at the two waveforms, can you guess which signal is from the primary winding and which is from the secondary winding of the audio transformer? Figure 1- 13 Inverted...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... 75 CONTENTS vii 11 Geocomputation 77 11 .1 11. 2 11 .3 11 .4 11 .5 Fuzzy reasoning Neural networks Genetic algorithms Cellular automata Agent-based modeling systems 77 79 80 81 82 12 Epilogue: Four-Dimensional ... Creating Digital Data 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5 1. 6 Spatial data Sampling Remote sensing Global positioning systems Digitizing and scanning The attribute component of geographic data 8 Accessing Existing ... ISBN 978 -1- 412 9 -10 15-6 ISBN 978 -1- 412 9 -10 16-3 (pbk) Typeset by C&M Digitals (P) Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd Printed on paper from sustainable...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... handling are all important topics; but, in most instances, a standard textbook on database management would provide an adequate introduction More interesting are concerns arising from the combination ... position is part of a geometry that defines the boundary of that object CREATING DIGITAL DATA x,y x,y x,y x,y x,y x,y Figure x,y x,y x,y x,y x,y x,y x,y 34.9 43.0 36 .1 33.0 35 .1 31. 2 41. 8 36.2 ... ‘seemingly’ because, often enough, what we observe for one area is influenced by factors that originate from outside our area of interest And unless we have KEY CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES IN GIS H1...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... North 20 Pine A–3 C–2 East 1 10 Pine C–2 East–2 40 Mix Figure 11 Name 25 Area Species North 10 Pine C–2 East 1 Pine C–2 East–2 30 Mix Partial and complete selection of features the principle Here, ... processing In the light of the costs involved in creating or accessing existing data this is not a realistic proposition for most readers GIS own their right of existence to their use in a larger ... manufacturing, power production) Assigning the correct thematic association to each pixel or feature is considerably more difficult in the second case and in many instances not necessary Determining...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... 05 06 07 ,11 11 ,12 12 ,16 04 20, 21, 11, 12 ,13 ,16 07 08 09 27,42 28 ,15 32 ,14 07 08 09 16 ,18 18 ,17 17 ,15 10 11 12 32,30 32,40 35,35 10 11 12 15 ,14 14 ,09 09,08 13 14 35,22 35 ,15 13 08,05 15 16 17 42,20 ... 42,20 42,37 50,28 14 15 16 05,03 03, 01 05,06 18 52,35 17 18 06,04 06 ,10 19 20 10 ,12 10 ,13 21 13 ,14 Figure 20 G L D B M A 17 F 15 18 14 E 19 K R P 10 12 I S 21 13 H Q 20 N 16 C O 11 Pointer structure ... TECHNIQUES IN GIS Node table Line table Area table ID x,y ID from to ID lines 01 02 03 07,30 12 ,35 15 ,22 01 02 03 01, 02 02,04 04,07 01 02 03 1, 2 ,17 ,16 ,14 ,15 3,4,5 ,19 ,18 ,17 6,7,8,9 ,10 , 21, 20 ,18 ,19 04...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... study in detail in the next chapter 7 Location–Allocation Among the main reasons for wanting to use a GIS are (1) finding a location, (2) finding the best way to get to that location, (3) finding ... define the core of an ecological Original Points Figure 27 Buffered Points The buffer operation in principle Dissolved Buffers 42 KEY CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES IN GIS Core Figure 28 Inward or inverse ... constraining geometry underlying our geography In the field view perspective we could investigate all locations within our view shed, whereas in a network we would be constrained by the links between...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... costs by multiplying the costs of 1 3 12 ×3 = Figure 41 12 Multiplication of a raster layer by a scalar 55 MAP ALGEBRA 1 3 12 × Figure 42 12 3 12 27 48 12 27 = 12 48 3 12 Multiplying one layer by ... decreasing in importance 20° 14 ° Slope 8.5° 2.9° 1. 1° 36% 25% 15 % 5% 2% 45 315 Aspect 270 90 225 13 5 18 0 Figure 50 Derivation of slope and aspect TERRAIN MODELING 63 9.4 Hydrological modeling Slope ... cells in Figure 44 Remember to include the processing cell in all calculations We will revisit neighborhood functions in Chapter 9, as the very notion of terrain is a focal one 1 1.8 1. 3 1. 5 1. 5...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... class by feature class basis 72 KEY CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES IN GIS 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 2 Figure 59 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Geometric mean and geometric median 10 .2.2 Spatial patterns All of the ... distribution Analogue to the standard deviation in traditional statistics, SPATIAL STATISTICS 71 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 2 Figure 58 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Geometric mean we can employ standard distance ... repeatedly with ever-changing search SPATIAL STATISTICS 73 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 2 Figure 60 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Standard deviational ellipse High Value Low Value Area Figure 61 Patch Density Edge...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... matter, information or energy, over a spatial structure In its most simple form, a CA is 82 KEY CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES IN GIS Parent 1 1 0 Offspring 1 1 1 1 0 Parent 0 0 Before mutation 1 After ... as 19 115 ) used for the processing of geographic information Kriging Spatial interpolation method that uses weights based on the statistical analysis of covariances in a global point dataset Lineage ... Parker et al 2003), wayfinding (Raubal 20 01) and social simulations (Gilbert and Doran 19 94; Epstein and Axtell 19 96; Gilbert and Troitzsch 19 99; Conte et al 20 01) Only limited integration of GIS...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... 21 exchange, 11 12 geographic, 11 , 13 , 17 quality, 17 19 retrieval, 22 wire frame, 60 See also database; specific data models database consistency, 18 , 36 development, indexing scheme, 21 lineage, ... 91 MapQuest, 16 , 91 maps, 8, 11 , 12 , 13 , 15 16 , 29, 30, 51, 57, 63, 91 MAS (multi-agent systems), 81 See also agent-based modeling MAUP (modifiable area unit problem), 4, 74, 91 metadata, 7, 13 14 , ... 13 , 90, 92 INDEX 10 1 internet GIS user interfaces, 23 search engines, 21 22, 25 interoperability, 11 interpolation, 65, 69, 69 inverse distance weighting (IDW), 65–66, 66, 90 ISO See International...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:22

... implicated in insulin resistance Conclusions References 270 272 280 280 7.7 18 9 19 4 19 6 19 6 viii CONTENTS 11 Dietary Factors and Insulin Resistance Jeremy Krebs and Susan Jebb 297 11 .1 11. 2 11 .3 11 .4 Introduction ... TYROSINE KINASE DOMAIN JUXTAMEMBRANE REGION EXTRACELLULAR REGION Substrate binding (IRS, Shc) Insulin receptor intracellular domain Adaptor binding ?? Y 115 8 Y 116 2 Y 116 3 Y1328 Y1334 Tyrosine kinase ... 4 61 4 61 15 Insulin Resistance, Hypertension and Endothelial Dysfunction Stephen J Cleland and John M C Connell 467 15 .1 15.2 15 .3 15 .4 15 .5 15 .6 15 .7 15 .8 Introduction Hyperinsulinaemia, insulin...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... protein WHOLE BODY AND REGIONAL PROTEIN TURNOVER 12 3 synthesis.52, 82, 10 6, 10 8, 11 0, 11 2, 11 4, 96, 10 4 Several others show an increase in regional or whole body synthesis with insulin .10 3, 10 9, 11 5, ... (+/−) SREBP1c (−/−) SREBP1c LPL Increased insulin sensitivity Increased insulin sensitivity Increased insulin resistance Obesity/maintained insulin sensitivity Lethal Lean/increased insulin sensitivity ... 11 , 12 13 14 15 57 16 18 , 17 18 , 19 20 20 21 58, 59 60 24 61 25 22 62 26 27 28 30 Bat IRKO Muscle GLUT4 KO Normal insulin sensitivity Obesity, dyslipidaemia Lean, insulin sensitive Insulin resistance,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... regulate insulin action J Clin Invest 10 8, 10 79 10 85 18 2 Goto, M and Spitzer, J J (19 71) Fatty acid profiles of various lipids in the cerebrospinal fluid Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 13 6, 12 94 12 96 18 3 Oomura, ... ICV injection of insulin reduces food intake and body weight in baboons and rodents1 71, 17 2 and administration of anti-insulin antibodies into the rat hypothalamus increases food intake .17 3 In ... electrophysiological studies .16 6, 15 3, 16 7, 14 5, 12 3, 16 3 ADDITIONAL AFFERENT SIGNALS TO THE CNS 19 3 Insulin Insulin plays a critical role in regulating glucose homeostasis via direct actions on insulin receptors...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... 264 11 1 11 2 11 3 11 4 11 5 11 6 11 7 11 8 11 9 12 0 12 1 12 2 12 3 12 4 PPARγ AND GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS Differential effects of rosiglitazone on skeletal muscle and liver insulin resistance in A-ZIP/F -1 fatless ... Scherer, P E and 266 13 9 14 0 14 1 14 2 14 3 14 4 14 5 14 6 14 7 14 8 14 9 15 0 15 1 15 2 PPARγ AND GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS Moller, D E (2002) Induction of adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kilodaltons ... Foundation Symp 19 1, 12 2 13 2 14 6 Labrie, F (19 91) Intracrinology Mol Cell Endocrinol 78, 11 3 11 8 14 7 Labrie, F., Belanger, A., Cusan, L and Candas, B (19 97) Physiological changes in dehydroepiandrosterone...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... and fasting insulin (pmol/l) Pima: men (n = 10 07) −0. 017 ; p =< 0.0 01, women (n = 13 14): −0. 01; p = 0. 018 Mauritian: men (n = 12 70) −0. 019 ; p =< 0.0 01, women (n = 14 46): −0. 011 ; p < 0.0 01 Inverse ... serum insulin (Fasting insulin resistance index: ‘a multiplication value of fasting insulin and fasting glucose by 25’) Measure of insulin resistance Table 12 .1 (continued ) Age, sex, BMI, smoking ... Fasting insulin Fasting insulin IVGTT Fasting insulin Age, BMI, SES, smoking, heavy drinking, existing CHD Three-way analysis of covariance adjusted for age Age, sex, ethnicity, clinic, alcohol intake,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... Tataranni, P A (2002) REFERENCES 11 8 11 9 12 0 12 1 12 2 12 3 12 4 12 5 12 6 12 7 12 8 435 Plasma adiponectin concentration is associated with skeletal muscle insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, and low ... Syndrome X 300 Insulin resistance syndrome 250 200 15 0 10 0 50 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 2000 2002 Publication year Figure 14 .1 Interest in the insulin resistance syndrome in the scientific ... 3.06 LOD = 2 .13 LOD = 2.55 LOD = 3.5 Reference 312 314 314 315 315 316 316 316 18 3 Insulin resistance plasma glucose, higher systolic blood pressure and higher fasting insulin levels in diabetic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... selective postreceptor insulin resistance J Clin Invest 10 1, 11 11 11 20 Dunaif, A., Green, G., Phelps, R G., Lebwohl, M., Futterweit, W and Lewy, L (19 91) Acanthosis nigricans, insulin action, and hyperandrogenism: ... flow in regulating insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in humans: Studies using bradykinin, [15 O]water, and [18 F]fluoro-deoxy-glucose and positron emission tomography J Clin Invest 97, 17 41 17 47 ... serum insulin index (MSI).38, 39 Measures of insulin sensitivity based on fasting glucose and insulin include the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA),40 fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI),41...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... Clin Invest 97, 11 11 11 16 15 9 Hotamisligil, G S et al (19 96) IRS -1- mediated inhibition of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in TNF-α- and obesity-induced insulin resistance Science 2 71, ... tyrosine kinase domain (TK) 6, 7, 12 insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) 1, 11 , 15 APS and Cbl 21 DOKs and Gabs 19 Grb10/Grb14 family of proteins 22 IRS -1 protein 16 18 , 18 IRS-2 protein 16 17 IRS-3 ... protein metabolism 10 5 assessment sites 11 2 measurement of protein metabolism in humans 11 1 13 molecular mechanisms 10 7 11 protein turnover 10 6–7, 10 6, 10 7 whole body protein turnover 11 4–25...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20

... REFERENCES 13 0 13 1 13 2 13 3 13 4 13 5 13 6 13 7 13 8 13 9 14 0 14 1 14 2 14 3 14 4 14 5 47 control and NIDDM patients The RNA variant without Exon 11 predominates in both groups Diabetes 42, 675–6 81 Anderson, ... (19 98) Relative involvement of Shc tyrosine residues 239/240 and tyrosine 317 on insulin-induced mitogenic signaling 52 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 2 21 222 223 224 225 226 THE INSULIN ... substrate -1 (IRS -1) REFERENCES 19 4 19 5 19 6 19 7 19 8 19 9 200 2 01 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 51 Possible mechanism for suppression of insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS -1 J...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 15:20