The lecture notes in earth sciences

... decrease in heat flow data obtained 19 The thermal regime of the back-deep of the Rhenish Variscan mountains, that of the Saar Basin, is nearly the same as that of the Ruhr Basin during the Westphalian ... of the f l u i d in inclusions can be estimated by the depression of the freezing point during cooling The higher the s a l i n i t y , the higher is the de...

Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2015, 17:55

... data in the earth sciences Athanasios Dermanis (ed.) - Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris; Singapore; Tokyo: Springer, 2000 (Lecture notes in earth sciences; ... @geod.ethz.ch "For all Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences published till now please see final pages of the book" Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Die Deu...

Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2015, 17:50

... Dynamics of Vortices in Rotating and Stratified Fluids Lect Notes Phys 805, 1 34 (2 010 ) c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2 010 DOI 10 .10 07/978-3-642 -11 587-5 _1 G.J.F van Heijst 1. 1 .1 Basic Equations ... 10 .10 07/978-3-642 -11 587-5 Lecture Notes in Physics ISSN 0075-8450 e-ISSN 16 16-63 61 ISBN 978-3-642 -11 586-8 e-ISBN 978-3-642 -11 587-5 DOI 10 .10 07/978-3-...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... and f = the constant Coriolis parameter in the rotating tank experiment (LAB) In general, moving into shallower water in the rotating fluid experiment corresponds with moving northwards in the GFD ... stratification within the confining cylinder, with a relatively sharp interface between the upper and the lower layers During the subsequent evolution of the vortex after...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... ensured by the choice of the axial velocity of the co-moving frame Neglecting the torsion, the obtained flow is therefore similar to the one studied previously Indeed, the normal to the osculating plane ... stratification Then, when the strain, , is larger than the vorticity, ζ , the streamlines are hyperbolic as shown in Fig 2.8 and the continuous stretching along th...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... resulting in the formation of so-called rings or synoptic eddies These rings, and in particular the warm-core rings which are surface intensified, have long since been identified in the vicinity of the ... Fluids 3, 2 644 (1991) 44 , 53, 54 34 Miyazaki, T.: Elliptical instability in a stably stratified rotating fluid Phys Fluids 5, 2702 (1993) 44 , 45 35 Moore, D.W., Saffman,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... version of these theorems was presented in Sect 3.2.2 In the quasi-geostrophic framework, these theorems state that even in the presence of diabatic heating and frictional or other forces, there can ... which is the gradient wind balance presented above (further details are available in [100]) The problem of separating these two types of motions in numerical weather predicti...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... (the isopycnals not pinch off) Therefore, they entrain the surrounding fluid and the motion of this fluid must be taken into account The surrounding fluid advected northward (resp southward) by the ... distributions These mathematics describe the first stage of the beta-drift in which the in uence of the far-field of the Rossby wave wake is not important In the ocean, his...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... ρ2 h ) f ρi (4.60) The fast motions in the linear approximation are internal inertia-gravity waves propagating along the interface between the layers By linearizing about the rest state h = H1 ... simplicity in the frequently used limit r → and introduce the Lagrangian coordinate 124 V Zeitlin X (x, t) corresponding to the positions of the fluid particles in the lower...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... rewriting the contour integral in (5.9) in terms of C, which mathematically amounts to a variable substitution in the integrand The only non-trivial step is the transformation of the line element ... operation consists of zonal averaging, which is the typical setup in atmospheric wave–mean interaction theory In this periodic case a material line traversing the domain...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... lasting change in the mean flow It is also clear that the net residual forcing points in the direction of p So there is no intrinsic link between wave dissipation and mean flow forcing but there ... Crucially, the Bretherton flow points backward, i.e in the negative x-direction, at the vortex location above the wavetrain Therefore the Bretherton flow does indeed push the v...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... of the wavepacket, because it compresses the wavepacket in the x-direction whilst stretching it in the y-direction At the same time, the Bretherton flow induced by the finite wavepacket pushes the ... For instance, Coriolis forces were neglected throughout, but they can be incorporated both in GLM theory and in the other theoretical developments; this has been done in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:21

... transformation mapping J e · · to q Let us decompose q as follows: · · · q = q +q (2.3.32) · q · q (2.3.33) P where P Je Je Using the definition of null space, we can write: · · · · · · X = Je q = ... differential kinematics are given in (2.2.4) We rewrite the equation as: · · · · X – Je q = Je q (2.3.29) · Following the procedure in...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 15:20

... characteristic in working coordinate by using nonlinear coordinate transform between the working coordinate and the joint coordinate about articulated robot arm (2) Servo Controller of Industrial ... input time interval Objective joint angle Inverse kinematics Servo controller [ Working coordinate ] Following joint angle Motor 37 Following trajectory Kinematics Fig 2.10 Block diagram of i...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 08:20