programming in c lecture notes ppt

... f.read((char*)&id, sizeof(TypeId)) ) { switch(id) { case ACCOUNT: pAcc = &acc; break; case DEP_ACC: pAcc = &depAcc; break; case SAV_ACC: pAcc = &savAcc; break; default: cerr << ... <fstream> #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <string> using namespace std; #include "exceptio.h" enum TypeId { ACCOUNT, DEP_ACC, SAV_ACC }; class Account { ... as in class DepAcc. }; // // The definition of class AccFile class AccFile { private: fstream f; string name; // Filename public: AccFile(const string& s) throw(OpenError); ~AccFile(){ f.close();

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... error checking and 48 byte data section or payload. The header shown here is used to connect a computer to the network in the User Network Interface. exercises 716 ■ CHAPTER 31 MANIPULATING BITS ... 6, 0 and 4, and 1 and 3 in all characters except control characters (defined as ASCII Code >= 32). Test the filter by writing the encrypted output to a file and then using the same filter to ... Setting and Inverting Bits You can use the bitwise OR operator | to set specific bits. The example on the opposite page shows how to change the case of a letter. In ASCII code, the only difference

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... assignments, 144 avoiding, 447 to base class type, 531 in function calls, 147 #include directive, 47 Include files, 7 include folder, 47 income() method, 567, 569 in constant, 309 Increment operator, ... cleaning up, 271 creating/destroying, 51, 482, 483, 511 creating with dynamic members, 480 declaring, 513 defining, 250, 251 of derived classes, 512 explicit initialization of, 459 initializing, ... Deleting in arrays, 485 list elements, 465, 467 objects in container classes, 765 in sequences, 764, 765 depAcc class read() and write() methods of, 648, 649 deque container class, 755, 765 constructors

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... Accessible and modifiable by invoking static  member function on class  Specified as public or private? ?in? ?accessibility  Lesson 14.2 static Function Members Declared static by preceding declaration with  keyword static ... Lesson 14.5 Calling Function of Friend Class Basic form for calling friend class       objectf . functionf (objectg); – objectf is the friend class object – functionf is the friend class member function  ... static used with data member of a class access allowed by all objects of the class Lesson 14.2 static Data Members Shared by all objects of a class  Declared by keyword static? ?in? ?class definition

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:16

... Chapter 9 – One­Dimensional  Numeric Arrays Array Data structure Grouping of like­type data Indicated with brackets containing positive  integer constant or expression following  identifier ... Value? ?in? ?brackets can be constant variable,  expression, or literal const  int N = 26; double b[N]; Lesson 9.1 int a[25]; int b[5+2]; Array Length Must be integer constant greater than 0 Only integer type variables (with modifiers) ... int, char – signed, unsigned, short, long Always within brackets following identifier Valid Examples:     int? ?c[ 32];                       int ? ?c[ ­25], b[43.5]; Invalid Lesson 9.1 Array Subscripts

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:19

... size left blank, it is of row, implicitly                         {10,11,12}}; declared implicitly initialized to zero by values given –? ?in this case  4 rows     ? ?c[ 2] [2] = 0 Lesson 10.1 Printing  for   (j = 0; j  ... b[1] [0] = 54  b[1] [1] = 55 b[1] [2] = 56 Remember – subscripts begin at zero! Lesson 10.1 Initializing Can use braces to separate rows int? ?c? ?[4] [3] = {{ 1,  2,  3},                          { 4,  5,  6}, ...                          {10, 11, 12}}; Advantage is visual table! Lesson 10.1 Initializing int? ?c[ 4] [3] = {{1,2}, int? ?c[  ] [3] = {{1, 2, 3},                         {4, 5, 6},                        {4, 5, 6},

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:25

... Convert it to executable format Lesson 1.7 C+ + IDE Operations Editing text to create source code Preprocessing source code Compiling source code and code attached  by preprocessor Linking object code generated? ?in? ?step 3  ... Serial access – Sequence of cell followed to extract information Lesson 1.2 Central Processing Unit (CPU) Control Unit – Controls activities of CPU – Directs flow of instructions – Communicates with ALU ... CPU (central processing unit) Main memory Controllers Peripheral devices Hardware – Electronic and mechanical devices integrated or  connected to computer Lesson 1.2 Schematic  Motherboard CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:45

... b       ? ?c Lesson 7.3 Scope Refers to region? ?in? ?which declaration is active Three kinds of scope – Block Variable valid with block of code enclosed? ?in? ?braces – Function Variable valid only within function where defined ... body of any other function Can write function declaration outside body of  all functions or within function – if within, can only be called from function where  declared Function declaration MUST appear before call ... Function declaration (prototype) Indicates function exists and describes it Must be done before use of function – Function call (invocation) Causes control to transfer from function to function – Function definition

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:21

... Lesson 17.2 Class Template Allows creation of object of class and use  the data type of choice Syntax to declare object – Class1 ob; – Indicates the ob.value is type double Lesson 17.2 Mechanics of Class Templates ... Three containers – vector – deque – list Dynamic memory allocation used to reserve  memory Lesson 17.3 Vectors Need to include  header           vector  vector1; – Declares vector1 to be vector container of int ... Random access Lesson 17.3 Deques Need to include  header           deque  deque1; – Declares deque1 to be deque container of char Can be created using push_front( ) and  push_back ( ) Elements? ?in? ?contiguous memory locations

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:27

... Association of function call with a function Early binding – Occurs during compilation – Also called static or compile­time binding Late binding – Occurs during execution – Also called dynamic or run­time binding Lesson 15.5 ... Polymorphism Achieved by creating and using virtual  functions Code making function call does not  explicitly state which function it is calling – C+ + decides during execution which is correct  function ... when derived class object instantiated Bass class constructor called first, derived  constructor second Derived class destructor called first, base  class destructor second Order? ?in? ?which objects declared determines 

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:59

...  1.  Initialize  variable acting as test expression  2.  Evaluate the boolean test  3.  If true execute statements within loop  4.  Update the variable  5.  Go back to step 2 Note: if no change to variable then infinite ... General Structure while (expression) { Logical expression (variable or arithmetic expression) Boolean results (True or False) statement1 statement2 … Lesson 6.1 } Steps? ?In? ?Using a while Loop  1.  Initialize  variable acting as test expression ... (never ends) is created Lesson 4.1 Example while Loop Initialize variables int i= 0, number = 1; while (number) Variable as expression     { value other than zero tests true          cout 

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 02:01

... of class when object declared Encapsulation – Link between data and functions of object data hiding: data access restricted to member functions – Classes create? ?programming? ?units with distinct  ... Can be objects of other classes Lesson 8.2 Access Specifiers Private – Restricts access of data to member functions member data cannot be accessed directly from main Public – Allows member function to be called from  ... Instantiation – Declaration of objects of a particular class  (instances) Lesson 8.2 Function Calls Each member function called must be  associated with an object Example:  object_name . function_name

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 02:18

... depending on type of variable Can point to entire array – Holds address of beginning of array – Pointer declaration indicates size of memory  greater than single value Lesson 11.6 Creating Pointer to Arrays ... Transferring Addresses to Functions In? ?declaration and header use type*? ?in? ? argument list    type  function (type*, type*);    type  funcName (type* name, type* name) In? ?function call use &variable? ?in? ?argument list  ... Unary operator indicating to get value or  access memory cells at addressed        *height_address = 10.5; Lesson 11.1 Uses of  & Declaration of function header to indicate a  reference                 void function1 (double&)

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 02:24

... //for cout, etc. using namespace std; int main() { char charvar1 = ‘A’; //define char variable as character char charvar2 = ‘\t’; //define char variable as tab cout << charvar1; //display character cout ... character cout << charvar2; //display character charvar1 = ‘B’; //set char variable to char constant cout << charvar1; //display character cout << ‘\n’; //display newline character return ... backslash causes an “escape” from the normal way characters are interpreted. In this case the t is interpreted not as the character ‘t’ but as the tab character. A tab causes printing to continue...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 02:20

... When you install the framework you get a command line compiler which can take C# source files and convert them into executable ones using console commands such as: csc MyProg.cs This command ... then putting it back (which is really all computers do). The most popular speed measure in a computer is the clock speed. A CPU has a clock that ticks when it is running. At each clock tick the ... 1. Windows Phone is a powerful computing platform. 2. All Windows Phone devices have a core specification. This includes a particular size of display, capacitive touch input that can track at...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 14:20

... 734 Explicit Instantiation 736 Exercises 738 Solutions 742 Chapter 33 Containers 749 Container Types 750 Sequences 752 Iterators 754 Declaring Sequences 756 Inserting in Sequences 758 Accessing Objects ... class defines a certain object type by defining both the properties and the capacities of the objects of that type. Objects communicate by sending each other “messages,” which in turn acti- vate ... 1 Fundamentals This chapter describes the fundamental characteristics of the object- oriented C+ + programming language. In addition, you will be introduced to the steps necessary for creating a fully functional...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... Manipulator setw() using namespace std; int main() { unsigned char c = 0; unsigned int code = 0; cout << "\nPlease enter a decimal character code: "; cin >> code; c = code; // Save ... output cout << "\nThe corresponding character: " << c << endl; code = c; // Character code. Is only // necessary, if input is > 255. cout << "\nCharacter codes" << ... setw() #include <string> // Class string using namespace std; int main() { string word; // To read a word. // char ch; is not needed. // cout << instead of cin >> . cout <<...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... additional exercise—references and pointers to objects. 268 ■ CHAPTER 14 METHODS // account2_t.cpp // Using the constructors of class Account. // #include "account.h" int main() { Account ... holiday.print(); return 0; } 266 ■ CHAPTER 14 METHODS // account.h // Defining class Account with two constructors. // #ifndef _ACCOUNT_ #define _ACCOUNT_ #include <string> using namespace std; class ... Account class. The class now has two constructors. ᮀ Definition Since a constructor has the same name as its class, the definition of a constructor always begins with Class_name::Class_name In...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... 328 ■ CHAPTER 16 ARRAYS // AccountTab.cpp // An array containing objects of class Account. // #include "account.h" // Definition of class Account #include <iostream> using namespace ... string “Hello Eve" only occupies the first 9 bytes. ✓ NOTE // C- string.cpp : Using C strings. // #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> #include <cstring> using namespace ... after. // #include <iostream> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; int main() { const int MAXCNT = 10; // Constant float arr[MAXCNT], x; // Array, temp. variable int i, cnt; // Index,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21

... found account. // #include "account.h" // Definition of class Account. Account accountTab[100]; // Table containing accounts. int main() { int cnt; // Actual number of accounts. Account ... Pointer to Account-objects. // To input data into accountTab and actualize cnt. // To search for the account number 1234567: bool found = false; for( aPtr = accountTab; aPtr < accountTab+cnt;++aPtr) if( ... function reverse() on the opposite page copies the characters of a C string to a second char array in reverse order, first copying the last character in s1, that is, the character with the index...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 17:21