... including the review of nanofiltration, industrial applications of nanofiltration, especially the applications for sustainable pharmaceutical manufacture, fabrication of nanofiltration membranes, and ... 1.3 Applications of nanofiltration membranes 1.3.1 General applications 1.3.2 NF membranes for sustainable pharmaceutical manufacture 1.4 Fabrication of NF membranes ... Morphology of PAI hollow fiber membranes 84 iv 5.3.2 Characterization of modified PAI hollow fiber membranes 85 5.3.3 Nanofiltration performance of PEI modified membranes 90 5.4 Conclusions...