Chemical Pesticides: Mode of Action and Toxicology - Chapter 4 ppt

... proteins, and their function and versatility for insect control have yet to be elucidated. 4. 1 The mechanism of action of δ-endotoxins As mentioned, the δ-endotoxin (Cry protein) that makes up most of ... of feeding of Lepidoptera larvae and paralysis of the gut that retards the passage of food and allows the spores to germinate. The larvae suffer a general paralysis...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... the law of mass action, and our knowledge of the nature of the chemical processes in organisms, we can condense biochemical toxicology to three sentences, and about seven types of reactions: 1. ... Stenersen  2.2.2 Dose and effect The law of mass action tells us that the amount of reaction products and the velocity of a chemical reaction increase with the conce...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... example of adaptation of micro- flora to (2-methyl -4 - chlorophenoxy) acetic acid (MCPA) and (2 , 4- dichloro- phenoxy) acetic acid (2 , 4- D). Soils from lots that had been treated with herbi- cides ... steps (reactions 4 and 5). Free radicals can be eliminated through two steps (reac- tions 7 and 8). Reactions 4 and 5 can also be catalyzed by a group of enzymes called glut...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... representation of photosynthesis and the site of action of D 1 blockers and paraquat. Figure 3.8 Schematic representation of the redox cycle of plastoquinone. Mn 2H 2 O O 2 + 4H + 4 PQ PQH2 D 1 P680 photons 2H + 2H + Fd NADP + NADPH H + Cytb 6 ... herbicide. Bifenox, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, HC-252, lactofen, and oxyfluorfen have analogous structures and modes of action....

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... diphospate-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, which is the substrate for chitin synthetase, and inhibit the incorporation of 2-aceta- mido-2-deoxy-D-glucose into chitin. It is produced by fermentation of ... chloroplasts. Naturally the reactions involved in the synthesis of 5-enolpyru- voyl-shikimate-3-phosphate and its inhibition by glyphosate have been stud- ied extensively, and man...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... the name (RS )-3 -allyl-2-methyl -4 - oxocyclo- pent-2-enyl(1R,3R )-2 ,2-dimethyl- 3-( 2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecar- boxylate from the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). ... is isolated and called lindane or gamma-HCH. The synthesis gives 10 to 45 % alpha-, 5 to 12% beta-, 3 to 4% delta-, and only 10 to 14% of the useful Figure 6.3 A simplified...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... is of great eco- nomic importance and is cross-resistant to parathion-methyl and profenofos, but not to chlorpyrifos. It has an acetylcholinesterase with low sensitivity to paraoxon-methyl and ... better. 9 .4. 5 Inhibition of detoxication enzymes After DDT dehydrochlorinase was found as one of the causes of DDT resis- tance in flies, it was subsequently found that N,N-dibutyl-p-...

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... into RNA 64 Chapter 4 Bacillus thuringiensis and its toxins 67 4. 1 The mechanism of action of δ -endotoxins 68 4. 2 Biotechnology 70 4. 3 Engineered plants 70 4. 4 Biology 70 4. 5 Commercial ... CH 2 CH 2 CHHS (CH 2 ) 4 CONH 2 HOAs O SCH 2 CH 2 CHS (CH 2 ) 4 CONH 2 AsHO CoA Ac-CoA arsenite pyruvic acid Acetyl-CoA SCH 2 CH 2 CHS (CH 2 ) 4 CONH 2 lipoamide 64...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:11

... Gurol MD. Chemical oxidation of chlorinated organics by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sand. Environ Sci Technol 19 94; 28:3 94 40 0. 47 . Heard I, Senftle FE. Chemical oxidation of anthracite ... total mineraliza- tion of 2 , 4- D by iron(3+)/hydrogen peroxide/UV. Environ Sci Technol 1993; 27:3 04 310. 24. Lipczynska-Kochany E. Degradation of nitrobenzene and nitroph...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:21

... permission.) 1 1 1 2 4 4 10 15 15 17 16 17 17 16 41 17 16 43 42 46 48 49 51 50 52 53 56 55 70 67 64 60 61 58 58 59 69 71 63 62 67 72 68 65 75 76 65 66 61 57 50 57 45 11 12 13 19 20 19 8 8 18 25 27 44 21 26 14 23 23 22 23 23 24 25 ... Lake Hiidenvesi (southern Finland). Water Res. 37: 44 68 44 74. Horne, A.J. and C.R. Goldman. 19 94. Limnology. 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20